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Al-Waadih Fee Usool ul-Fiqh by Muhammad Hussein Abdullah

The Arkaan (pillars) of Al-Qiyaas

Al-Asl (origin), Al-Far’u (branch), Hukm ul-Asl (original Hukm) and Al-‘Illah (reason)

The Arkaan (pillars) of Qiyaas are taken from the following meaning of Qiyaas:

‘The attachment (or joining) of a branch (Far’un) with and origin (Asl) in respect to a Hukm Shar’iy due to the unifying ‘Illah between them’.

As such Qiyaas requires Arkaan (pillars) without which it will not be fulfilled and these are:

The Far’u (branch) that is intended to be analogised to.

The Asl (origin) that the analogy is intended to be made upon.

The specific Hukm Ash-Shar’iy of the origin that is intended to be applied upon the branch.

The ‘Illah that joins the origin to the branch.

Example:

Allah Ta’Aalaa says:

And prepare for them all that you are able of force and of steeds of war by which you may terrify the enemy of Allah and your enemy (Al-Anfaal 60).

The Asl (origin): Preparing or making ready the necessary power or force and the steeds of war were included within this at the time of the descent of the Aayah.

The Far’u (branch): Preparing or making ready the necessary power of force today which would include within it missiles and nuclear bombs.

The Hukm: Al-Wujoob (obligation).

The ‘Illah (reason): Striking terror (fear) into the enemy.

Another example:

Allah Ta’Aalaa says:

O you who have believed, when [the Adhaan] is called for the prayer on the day of Jumu'ah [Friday], then proceed to the remembrance of Allah and leave trade (AlJumu’ah 9)

Al-Asl: Trade.

Al-Far’u: Ijaarah (hiring/leasing) or swimming.

Al-Hukm: Tahreem (the prohibition) of conducting trade at the time of the Adhaan of the Jumu’ah prayer which then also applies upon the Far’u (branch).

Al-‘Illah (reasoning for the legislation): Ilhaa’ (distraction) from Salaat ul-Jumu’ah.

Reference: Al-Waadih Fee Usool ul-Fiqh - Muhammad Hussein Abdullah

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