Elements of Shaafi Fiqh by Umar Abdul Jabbaar

Sawm is Wajib for every sane and adult Muslim who is capable and cleansed from Haidh and Nifaas.

When the thirty days of Sha’baan month completes or the new moon of Ramadhaan is sighted, the Sawm should be observed from the next day.

1. To vomit intentionally

2. To reach something to the throat through mouth or nose

3. To have sexual intercourse

4. To masturbate

5. To observe monthly period

6. To discharge blood after birth

7. To apostatize

1. A sick person who fears that fasting may cause serious harm to him.

2. One who sets for a long journey.

3. A pregnant or breastfeeding woman who fears that fasting may cause serious harm to her own self or to the baby.

4. One who is too old to observe Sawm.

One who is permitted not to keep Sawn should make only Qadhaa of the missed Sawm later. But pregnant and breastfeeding woman should make Qadhaa and give Fidyah for every Sawm equal to that of Zakaatul Fitr when they do not fast because of the fear of harm to their children. One who is too old to observe fast or too sick to get recovery then such a person should give Fidyah for every Sawm.

1. To make delay in partaking of Sahoor and make fast in breaking the Sawm

2. To make Iftaar with dates or water

3. To refrain from offensive talk

4. To give Sadaqah and recite the Glorious Qur’aan as much as possible

One who invalidates the Sawm by making sexual intercourse must make both Qadhaa and Kaffaraah of that Sawm.

It is to set free a Muslim maid slave. If one cannot afford the one should observe Sawm for two months continuously. If not then one should feed sixty poor or give every one (2) kg of the normal food.

1. Day of Eidul Fitr

2. Day of Eidul Adhaa and Days of Tashreeq; 3 days following Eidul Adhaa

3. Day of doubt and the second half of Sha’baan, except one who has a past habit of fasting and the day of doubt or second half of Sha’baan fall under the day he is habitual of fasting.

1. Every Monday

2. Every Thursday

3. Thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth of each lunar month

4. The six days followed by the day of Eidul Fitr

5. The day of Arafah-9th of Dhul-Hijjah

6. The day of Ashuraah-10th of Muharram preceded or followed by a day

One who dies without making Qadhaa of the Sawm which he has missed, the heirs or close relatives must feed sixty poor or keep fast on his behalf. A person who has got permission from the deceased or his heirs to fast is permitted to fast on behalf of the demised.

1. What is the meaning of Sawm?

2. On whom is it Wajib?

3. When should it be commenced?

4. What are the factors that invalidate the Sawm?

5. Who are permitted not to keep Sawm?

6. Who should make the Qadhaa of missed Sawm?

7. What are the Sunnah of Sawm?

8. What is the ruling concerning breaking the Sawm by sexual intercourse?

9. What is Kaffaraah?

10. Which days are prohibited to fast?

11. Which days are recommended to fast?

12. What is the ruling concerning fasting on behalf of a dead person?