Fiqh Al Zakah by Dr. Yusuf al Qardawi

Notes:

A. Since a great many names are mentioned in this book, this index is restricted to names appearing in the text itself and not in the footnotes.

B. This list is also restricted to names of persons who have opinions about zakah. I do not mention in this index the names of narrators.

C. I did not list the names of the leaders of the four schools of thought, because of their renown.

D. Persons are listed according to their most well-known name, whether it is the first name, last name, or title.

E. The following words are not considered in the listing of names: al, ibn, abu, umm, ibn abi, etc.

F. Each name is followed by a very brief description of the person.

Al Abhari, Muhammad bin 'Abd Allah bin Saleh, Abu Bakr, the leading supporter of Malik's view in Iraq. Renowned among scholars of his age, d. 395 H.

Ahmad Thabit 'Awaidah, contemporary legislation expert in Egypt, who has a good lecture on Islam and Taxation.

Ahmad Shakir. See Shakir Ahmad.

Al Ajhuri, 'Ali bin Muhammad. A Malikite, d. 1066 H.

Abu al A'la al Maududi, founder of the Jama'ati Islami party in Pakistan and a great modern Islamic thinker, d. 1979 AD.

Al Amidi, Abu al Hasan 'Ali, a jurist and scholar of usul, author of al Ahkam, d. 631 H.

Anas bin Malik bin al Nadr al Ansari, who served the Prophet (p). He is one of the few Companions who narrate more sayings than anybody else.

Ashhab bin 'Abd al 'Aziz al Qaisi, jurist from Egypt, a Malikite and a great defender of the Malikite school. Abu Daud and al Nasa'i use him in their chains, d. 204. H.

Asma bint Abu Bakr al Siddiq, one of the early Muslims. The wife of al Zubair bin al 'Awwam, she mothered 'Abd Allah and 'Urwah. She is known as the "Girl with the Two Waist-bands." Asbagh bin al Faraj, Egyptian jurist. He is Abu 'Abd Allah, trustworthy and truthful, a disciple of Ibn Wahb, the most knowledgeable of his age about Malik's opinion, d.

225 H.

Ibn al Athir, 'Ali bin Muhammad, author of al Kamil in history, d. 630 H.

Ibn al Athir, Majd al Din al Mubarak bin Muhammad, author of al Nihayah, d. 606 H.

Author of Ghiyath al Umam. See al Juwaini.

Author of al Hidayah. See al Marghinani.

Author of al Havi. See al Mawardi.

Author of al 'Inayah, a Hanafite.

Author of al Rawd al Nadir. See al Husain bin Ahmad.

Al Awza'i, 'Abd al Rahman bin 'Amr, well-known leading jurist, hadith critic and one of the "pillars of knowledge," d. 157 H.

Ayub al Sakhtiani, Ibn Abi Taimiyah al Basri, one of the trustworthy persons. Shu'bah used to call him the "master of jurists." Malik describes him as one of the "scholars who practice their knowledge and who fear God." D. 131 H.

Al A'zami, Dr. Muhammad Mustafa, Indian Muslim scholar, studied in al Azhar, author of a good study, in English, in which he refutes the claim of Schacht; presently professor of Islamic studies at Riyadh University.

Ibn 'Abbas. See 'Abd Allah.

Abu al 'Abbas, Ahmad bin Ibrahim al Hashimi al Hasani, a jurist from Ahl al Bait. He was Ja'fari, then became Zaidi. Some people say he remained Ja'fari, d. 353 H.

'Abd Allah bin 'Abbas bin 'Abd al Muttalib, cousin of the Prophet (p). He was the most renowned commentator on the Qur'an and a leading, most knowledgeable scholar, d. 67 H.

'Abd Allah bin 'Amr bin al 'As, a leading scholar worshiper, d. 63 or 77 H.

'Abd Allah bin Daud bin 'Amir al Hamadhani al Sha'bi, known as al Khuraibi.

Trustworthy worshiper, d. 213 H.

'Abd Allah bin Mas'ud al Hudhali, one of the great early Companions, known as a reciter and a great jurist, like a mountain in knowledge, d. 32 or 33 H.

'Abd Allah bin al Mubarak bin Wadih a Hanzali. He is from Marv (now in Russian - occupied south Central Asia), known as a great scholar and one of the person most agreed-upon as trustworthy, a leading man in knowledge, righteousness, and morality, d. 181 H.

'Abd Allah bin Shaddad bin al Had al Laithi, Abu al Walid al Madani, one of the great Followers and trustworthy persons. He revolted against the Umayyads with Ibn al Ash'ath and was killed in the 81 or 82 H.

'Abd Allah bin 'Umar bin al Khattab, a leading Companion in knowledge, and piety, great scholar and jurist, taught for about sixty years and freed 1000 or more slaves, d. 73 or 74 H.

'Abd al 'Aliy al Laknawi, known as the "ocean of knowledge, the author of Rasa'il al Arkan al Arba'ah.

Ibn 'Abd al Barr, Abu 'Umar, Yusuf bin 'Abd Allah al Namri al Qurtubi, the scholar of the West (Andalusia) and their jurist, author of al Tamhid, al Istidhkar, al Isti'ab and other works, d. 463 H.

Ibn 'Abd al Hakam, Muhammad bin 'Abd Allah, Egyptian jurist, trustworthy, and a leading Malikite, d. 268 H.

'Abd al Rahman Fahmy, secretary of the Islamic Art Museum in Cairo.

'Abd al Rahman 'Isa, a graduate of al Azhar, director of Islamic teaching in al Azhar.

Ibn 'Abd al Salam, Muhammad bin 'Abd al Salam bin Yusuf. He was a judge in Tunisia, and one of the leading Malikites, d. 749 H.

'Abd al Wahhab bin 'Ali, a Malikite jurist and judge, d. 422 H.

Ibn 'Abidin, Muhammad Amin, renowned Hanafite scholar, author of Radd al Muhtar and other books, d. 1252 H.

'A'ishah bint Abu Bakr, the Truthful daughter of the Truthful, Mother of Believers, and the most knowledgeable woman of this Muslim nation, d. 58 H.

'Alaish, Shaikh Muhammad bin Ahmad, Egyptian, leading Malikite, d. 1299 H.

'Ali bin Abi Talib, Prince of Believers, son in-law of the Prophet (p) and his cousin, and father of the Prophet's two grandchildren, an ocean of knowledge and the Companion most famous for his judgements, d. 40 H.

Ali bin al Husain bin 'Ali bin Abi Talib, a great Follower, one of the most trustworthy and pious persons, known as the "best of worshipers," and the leading person of Ahl al Bait during his time. Ibn al Musayyib says about him, "I have not seen a more pious person than him." D. 93 H.

'Ali Mubarak Basha bin Mubarak bin Sulaiman, Egyptian historian and minister in the Egyptian government, founder of the Egyptian National Library, d. 1311 H. / 1893

AD.

Abu al 'Aliyah, Rafi bin Mahran al Riyakhi al Basri, lived in Jahiliyah and accepted Islam two years after the Prophet's death. He met Abu Bakr and prayed behind 'Umar and in unanimously known as trustworthy, d. 90 H.

'Amr bin al 'As bin Wa'il al Sahmi, well-known Companion who opened Egypt, d. 43 H.

'Amr bin al Dinar al Makki, Abu Muhammad al Athram al Jumahi, a Follower, scholar, and opinion-leader in Makkah, d. 125 or 126 H.

'Amr bin Maimun al Awdi al Hufi, He accepted Islam during the life of the Prophet (p)

but did not meet him. One of the most trustworthy Followers, d. 74 H.

'Amr, bin Shurahbil al Hamdani, Abu Maisarah, trustworthy and pious worshiper, one of the best disciples of Ibn Mas'ud, a Follower and colleague of Masruq, d. 63 H.

'Amrah bint 'Abd al Rahman bin Sa'd bin Zararah. She is from the Ansar, lived in Madinah, and was raised by 'A'ishah, from whom she narrates. She was among the most knowledgeable persons in Madinah, d. 98 or 103 or 106 H.

Ibn 'Aqil, Abu al Wafa, 'Ali bin Muhammad bin 'Aqil al Baghdadi, a jurist and scholar of usul, leading Hanbalite of distinguished views which sometimes differ with the Hanbalite school, though he was a great admirer of Ahmad and his disciples, d.

513 H.

Ibn al 'Arabi, Muhammad bin 'Abd Allah bin Muhammad al Mu'afiri, the judge Abu Bakr, a Malikite, mujtahid, and leading scholar, d. 543 H.

Ibn 'Arafah, Muhammad bin Muhammad bin 'Arafah al Warghami, Abu 'Abd Allah, a Malikite. Tunisian jurist, artistic in usul and jurisprudence, d. 803 H.

'Ata al Khurasani bin 'Abd Allah, lived in Damascus, Muslim and the four authors of Sunan report his narrations, d. 135 H.

'Ata bin Abi 'Awfi bin Sa'd bin Junadah al Qaisi al Kufi. Abu al Hasan, Abu Daud, al Tirmidhi, and Ibn Majah report his narrations. So does al Bukhari in works other than his correct collection. The majority grades him weak. D. 111 H.

Umm 'Atiyyah, Nusaibah bint Ka'b (or al Harith), from the Ansar. A great Companion who went to battles with the Prophet to take care of the wounded and to fight when needed. D. 13 H.

Al Bahi al Khawli, contemporary writer and early caller for the Islamic movement in Egypt, author of Tadhkirat al Dua'at, al Islam wa al Mar'ah al Mu'asirah, and other books.

Al Baihaqi, Ahmad bin al Husain, a saying critic and collector and a leading scholar, author of al Sunan al Kubra and other books, d. 458 H.

Al Baji, Abu al Walid, Sulaiman bin Khalaf bin Sa'd, the Malikite judge, a commentator on al Muwatta', d. 474 H.

Abu Bakr 'Abd al 'Aziz bin Ja'far, known as "ghulam al khallal," leading Hanbalite jurist and pious worshiper, d. 353 H.

Abu Bakr al 'Asamm, 'Abd al Rahman bin al 'Asaamm al 'Abdi. Ibn Mufti says about him, "He is trustworthy. He was one of the Qadaris". Abu Hatim says "He tells the truth and his narrations are all right; Muslim reports one saying from him, and Al Nasa'i also reports one".

Abu Bakr al Razi, See al Jassas.

Abu Bakr bin Abi Shaibah, 'Abd al Rahman bin 'Abd al Malik al Madani. His trustworthiness is disputed; some grade him weak. Al Bukhari reports only two sayings from him and al Nisa'i reports from him. D. 335 H.

Abu Bakr al Siddiq, 'Abd Allah bin Abi Quhafah, the Successor of the Messenger of God as head of state, his right-hand minister and Companion, named even in the Qur'an as the Prophet's Companion, d. 13 H.

Al Baladhari, Ahmad bin Yahya, well-known historian, author of Futuh al Buldan, d.

279 H.

Al Balkhi, Abu Ja'far, a Hanafite jurist.

Al Baqir, Abu Ja'far, Muhammad bin 'Ali, the best of worshipers, leading jurist of Ahl al Bait as well as a great Muslim scholar, d. 118 H.

Ibn Bashir, a Malikite jurist.

Ibn Battal.

Al Baghawi, 'Abd Allah bin Muhammad al Baghdadi, Abu al Qasim, the great trustworthy author and critic of sayings, d. 317 H.

Bilal bin Rabah, the caller for payer of the Prophet (p). One of the very early Muslims who were harshly tortured by the disbelievers, he attended all battles of the Prophet (p), d. 17, 18, or 25 H.

Schacht, Joseph, contemporary orientalist, author of the section on zakah in the Encyclopedia of Islam, known for his antagonistic views toward Islam and the Sunnah.

Al Dahlawi, Ahmad bin 'Abd al Rahim, known as Shah Waliy Allah, the renovator of Islam in India, d. 1176.

Deniel, S. Girk.

Ibn Daqiq al "Id, Muhammad bin 'Ali bin Wahb, Abu al Fath, Taqi al Din, leading scholar, most trustworthy, and the renovator of the seventh century, d. 702 H.

Abu al Darda, 'Uwaimer bin Zaid, a Companion from the Ansar, known as a great worshiper, d. 32 or 33 H.

Al Dardir, Ahmad bin Muhammad al 'Adawi, a Malikite professor at al Azhar in Egypt, a great scholar and worshiper, d. 1201 H.

Daud al Zahiri bin 'Ali bin Khalaf, leading jurist and scholar, founder and head of the Zahiri school, d. 270 H.

Draz, Dr. Shaikh Muhammad 'Abd Allah, one of the great Professor of al Azhar in modern times and a great writer, author of al Naba' al 'Azim, al Din, and other very important studies, d. 1958 AD.

Al Dahhak bin Muzahim al Hilali, known as a commentator on the Qur'an, died after the year 100 H.

Al Dhahabi, a Shafi'ite scholar who has a booklet on determination of the dirham and the mithqal.

Al Dhahabi, Muhammad bin Ahmad, Abu Abd Allah, Shams al Din, leading scholar, historian, and sayings critic, d. 748 H.

Abu Dharral Ghifari, Jundub bin Junadah, pious Companion known as "the Truth- Teller," one of the early Muslims, d. 32 H.

Fagleri, Italian Orientalist writer.

Al Fakhr al Razi, Muhammad bin 'Umar bin al Husain, Fakhr al Din, leading scholar and Qur'an commentator, a Shafi'ite, d. 606 H.

Fatimah bint Qais bin Khalid al Qurashiyah al Fihriyah, a Companion among the early migrants, d. 50 H.

Al Ghazali, Muhammad bin Muhammad, Abu Hamid, the scholar of Islam, d. 505 H.

Al Ghazali, Shaikh Muhammad, contemporary Muslim scholar from al Azhar, one of the early workers and writers of the contemporary Islamic movement, d. 1996 A.D.

Al Hadi, Abu Muhammad Yahya bin al Husain bin al Qasim, leading Ahl al Bait scholar, founder of the Hadawi school, d. 298 H.

Ibn al Humam, Kamal al Din, Muhammad bin 'Abd al Wahid al Siwasi, then al Sakandari, the great Hanafite scholar who reached the level of ijtihad, author of al Musayarah, al Fath, and other books, d. 861 H.

Abu Hurairah al Dawsi. His original name is disputed; he became famous as Abu Hurairah, the Companion with the sharpest memory, d. 67 or 69 H.

Ibn Habib, 'Abd al Malik, Marwan, a leading Malikite jurist, d. 238 H.

Ibn Hajar, Ahmad bin 'Ali al 'Asqalani, the shakih of Islam, famous as al Hafiz, great sayings critic, author of al Fath, al Tahdhib, and other works, d. 852 H.

Ibn al Hajib, 'Uthman bin 'Umar, a Malikite scholar of usul and grammar, d. 646 H, in Alexandria.

Ibn Hamid, al Hasan bin Hamid bin 'Ali, Abu 'Abd Allah al Baghdadi, Hanbalite leader of his time, d. 403 H.

Hammad bin Abi Sulaiman, Abu Isma'il al Kufi, great jurist, teacher of Abu Hanifah, and the most knowledgeable disciple of Ibrahim al Nakha'i. Al Bukhari reports from him in al Adab al Mufrad. Muslim and other four also report from him, d.

119 or 120 H.

Al Harbi, Ibrahim Ibn Ishaq, the saying critic and trustworthy author, d. 285 H.

Al Hasan al Basri, Ibn Abi al Hasan, Abu Sa'id, a leading scholar of Islam and one of the most famous Followers, d. 110 H.

Al Hasan bin 'Ali bin Abi Talib, grandson of the Messenger of God (p), one of the two "Masters of youth" in heaven, as said by the Prophet (p), d. 49 or 50 H.

Al Hasan bin 'Ali bin Al Hanafiyah. In al Jawahir al Mudi'ah, there are several persons with this name. I could not tell which one of them was this person.

Al Hasan bin Saleh bin Hai, sometimes called al Hasan bin Hai, al Hamdani, a jurist and pious worshiper who refused leadership, was honest in telling sayings and had an accurate memory. Graded correct in his narrations. Muslim and other four report from him. Al Bukhari reports from him in al Adab al Mufrad. Some grade him weak because he was a Shi'ite and did not use to go to Friday congregational prayers. He did not permit prayer behind deviant persons, d. 166 H.

Fiqh al Zakah (Vol. II), Dr. Yusuf al Qardawi 338

Abu Hathamah, 'Abd Allah or Amir, al Ansari, well-known Companion, the guide of the Prophet (p) in the battle of Uhud. The Prophet (p) also sent him as estimator of fruits. Died early in the era of Mu'awiyah.

Ibn Hazm, 'Ali bin Ahmad, Abu Muhammad al Zahiri. He was a leading scholar, a mujtahid, and the author of al Muhalla, al Ihkam, al Fasl, and several others books, d. 456 H.

Al Hazimi, Abu Bakr Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Musa, a saying critic, author of al I'tibar and other books, d. 584 H.

Al Huqaini, 'Ali bin Ja'far bin al Hasan al Husaini al Hashimi, known as al Huqaini al Saghir in relation to a small village close to Madinah; a Zaidi jurist, d. 490 H.

Al Husain al 'Abdi bin Muhammad bin Ziad al 'Abdi al Nisaburi, a great pillar of saying criticism and an author, known as al Qabbani, d. 289 H.

Al Husain bin Ahmad al Siyaghi al Zaidi, Sharaf al Din, a moderate Zaidi scholar, author of al Rawd al Nadir.

Ibrahim, See al Nakha'i.

Ishaq bin Ibrahim bin Mukhlid al Hanzali, known as Ibn Rahawaih al Marwazi. He lived in Nisabur and was a leading scholar in knowledge, jurisprudence, and saying, and a teacher of al Bukhari and Muslim, d. 237 or 238 H.

Abu Ishaq, 'Amr bin 'Abd Allah al Sabi'i al Kufi, a trustworthy Follower, d. 156 or 159

H.

Al Istakhri, Abu Sa'id, al Hasan bin Ahmad, renowned Shafi'ite jurist who authored several books, d. 328 H.

'Ikrimah bin 'Abd Allah al Barbari, ex-slave of Ibn 'Abbas and his student, one of the great jurists of Makkah, and a Follower, d. 107 H.

'Imran bin Husain al Khuza'i, famous Companion, d. 52 H.

'Isa 'Abduh, modern Egyptian professor of economics and accounting.

Iyad bin Musa al Yahsubi, Abu al Fadl, the judge, a great scholar from the Islamic West, and a Malikite jurist, d. 544 H.

'Izz al Din bin 'Abd al Salam, 'Abd al 'Aziz al Sulami, Shafi'ite jurist from Damascus, known as the king of scholars, one of the most brilliant leaders of knowledge in Syria and Egypt, d. 660 H.

Jabir bin 'Abd Allah bin Haram al Ansari al Sulami, one of the Companion scholars, d.

70 H.

Jabir bin Zaid al Azdi Abu al Sha'tha al Basri, a trustworthy Follower and scholar, d. 93

H.

Ja'far al Sadiq bin Muhammad al Hashimi al Husaini, a great scholar and leading figure from Ahl al Bait, d. 148 H.

Al Jassas, Ahmad bin 'Ali, Abu Bakr al Razi, renowned Hanafite scholar and author, d. 370 H.

Ibn al Jawzi, 'Abd al Rahman bin 'Ali, Abu al Faraj, jurist, hadith critic, and historian, a great Hanbalite, d. 597 H.

Al Juwaini, 'Abd al Malik bin 'Abd Allah, Abu al Ma'ali, known as Imam al Haramain, author of Ghiyath al Umam, al Irshad, al Nisamiyah, and several other books; a leading Shafi'ite, d. 478 H.

Al Karkhi, Abu al Hasan 'Ubaid Allah bin Dallal, Hanafite jurist, great scholar and worshiper, the head of Hanafites at his time in Baghdad, d. 340 H.

Al Kasani, 'Ala al Din Abu Bakr bin Mas'ud, called "the king of scholars", a leading Hanafite, d. 587 H.

Ibn Kathir, Abu al Fida' Isma'il al Qurashi, known as a commentator on the Qur'an, saying scholar and critic, historian and jurist, d. 774 H.

Abu Khaithamah, Zuhair bin Harb, a trustworthy and accurate hadith scholar. Muslim reports 1281 sayings from him in his correct collection. D. 234 H.

Ibn Khaldun, 'Abd al Rahman bin Muhammad, the chairman of historians, the great renovator and scholar, founder of sociology, d. 808 H.

Khalid bin Ishaq al Jundi, Egyptian-raised Malikite scholar, author of al Mukhtasar in Malikite jurisprudence, d. 776 H.

Khallaf, Shaikh 'Abd al Wahhab, professor of Shari'ah in al Azhar and a great modern scholar.

Abu al Khattab, Muhfuz bin Ahmad al Kalwadhani al Baghdadi, a leading Hanbalite jurist of independent opinions, d. 510 H.

Al Khattabi, Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Ibrahim, Abu Sulaiman, well-known leading jurist, scholar of sayings and the Arabic language, d. 388 H.

Al Khiraqi, Abu al Qasim, 'Umar bin Husain bin 'Abd Allah, a Hanbalite jurist, d. 334

H.

Al Kirshi, Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad, a Malikite, the commentator on Mukhtasar Khalid, d. 1101 H.

Ibn al Labban, Muhammad bin 'Abd Allah bin al Hasan, Abu al Husain, a trustworthy Shafi'ite scholar, especially in inheritance law, d. 402 H.

Ibn Abi Laila, Muhammad bin 'Abd al Rahman al Ansari al Kufi, jurist and famous judge in Kufah, lived at the same time as Abu Hanifah, honest but had a bad memory.

Al Laith bin Sa'd bin 'Abd al Rahman, leading Egyptian scholar, trustworthy, and a most generous person. Al Shafi'i says "al Laith had more knowledge than Malik but his knowledge was lost by his disciples." D. 175 H.

Al Lakhmi, 'Ali bin Muhammad, a renowned Malikite scholar, d. 748 H.

Massignon, French orientalist who lived at the turn of the century.

Maghniyah, Muhammad Jawad, contemporary Lebaness Shi'ite scholar, author of several books.

Al Mahdi, Ahmad bin Yahya bin al Murtada al Hasani al Hadawi, author of al Bahr al Zakhkhar, and a leading Zaidi scholar, d. 840 H.

Mahmud Abu Sa'ud, contemporary economist with special interest in Islamic economics, d. 1993.

Maimun bin Mahran al Jizri al Riqqi, one of the great trustworthy scholars, a jurist, pious worshiper, and leading Follower, who was appointed by 'Umar bin 'Abd al 'Aziz as kharaj commissioner and judge in the area of Jazirah (northeast of Syria and northwest of Iraq), d. 116 or 117 H.

Abu Maisarah. See 'Amr bin Shurahbil.

Ibn al Mjashawn, 'Abd al Malik bin 'Abd al 'Aziz, a jurist son of a jurist and opinion leader in Madinah at his time. Ibn Habib grades him as more knowledgeable than most disciples of Malik. D. 212, 213, or 214 H.

Makhluf, Shaikh Hasanain Muhammad Hasanain al 'Adawi, leading Egyptian scholar and one of the great scholars of al Azhar.

Makhluf, Shaikh Muhammad Hasaniain al 'Adawi, an Egyptian, leading Malikite scholar, famous as a Qur'an commentator and as a scholar of Arabic literature. He was deputy chairman of al Azhar, d. 1355 H. / 1936 AD.

Makhul, great Follower, one of the most trustworthy and knowledgeable scholars, he lived in Damascus, d. 112 or 113 H.

Ibn Malik.

Al Maliqi, Muhammad bin al Hasan, a Malikite jurist who has a commentary on Mukhtasar Ibn al Hajib in jurisprudence, d. 771 H.

Al Maqrizi, Ahmad bin 'Ali, historian of Egypt with several volumes of writings, known as Khutat al Maqrizi, d. 845 H.

Al Maraghi, Shaikh Ahmad Mustafa, modern Egyptian, author of a commentary on the Qur'an.

Marwan bin al Hakam bin Abi al 'As, an Umayyad, born in Madinah two years after migration of the Prophet. We have no authentic report that he heard from the Messenger of God (p). He was a clerk with 'Uthman, and governor of Madinah in Mu'awiyah's time. Became khalifiah after Mu'awiyah, son of Yazid, and remained so nine months. Criticism is known to be addressed to him, d. 65 H.

Masruq bin Ajda' al Hamdani, a Follower, great jurist and worshiper, a disciple of Ibn Mas'ud, d. 62 H.

Ibn Mas'ud. See 'Abd Allah.

Al Mawardi, Abu al Hasan, 'Ali bin Muhammad bin Habib al Basri al Baghdadi, renowned Shafi'ite scholar, known as the best judge, author of al Hawi, al Ahkam al Sultaniyyah, and other books, d. 450 H.

Al Maziri, Muhammad bin 'Ali bin 'Umar al Tamimi, a known Malikite jurist and saying critic, who wrote a commentary on Muslim's correct collection, d. 536 H.

Mu'adh bin Jabal bin 'Amr al Ansari, one of the leading Companions, d. 18 H.

Mu'awiyah bin Abi Sufyan, founder of the Umayyad khilafah, a Companion and one of the scribes who wrote the Qur'an for the Prophet (p) d. 60 H.

Al Mu'ayyad bi Allah, Ahmad bin al Husain bin Harun, leading scholar of Ahl al Bait, a Zaidi jurist, d. 411 H.

Ibn al Mubarak. See 'Abd Allah.

Ibn Muflih, Muhammad Abu 'Abd Allah, Shams al Din, a Hanbalite, d. 763 H.

Al Mughirah bin Shu'bah al Thaqafi, famous Companion, one of the shrewdest Arabs, d. 50 H.

Muhammad 'Abd Allah al Arabi, modern professor of finance and economics in Egyptian universities, has a good study of Islamic economics.

Muhammad 'Abduh, Shaikh, famous as one of the great reformers of modern Egypt, opinion leader in religious matters in Egypt in his time, d. 1905 AD.

Muhammad Uzair, contemporary Pakistani economist who wrote on Islamic economics.

Muhammad Baqir al Sadr, modern Shi'ite scholar from Najaf, Iraq, author of Iqtisaduna and Falsafatuna.

Muhammad Hamidullah Hyderabadi, contemporary Indian Muslim scholar, professor at the University of Paris and University of Istanbul.

Muhammad bin al Hanafiyah, (bin 'Ali bin Abi Talib), Abu al Qasim, trustworthy Follower, d. 73 or 93 H.

Muhammad bin Ka'b al Qurazi, knowledgeable on Qur'an, and a trustworthy Follower, d. 108 or 120 H.

Muhammad bin Maslamah, Hanafite scholar.

Muhammad bin al Hasan al Shaibani, disciple of Abu Hanifah, great scholar, writer of the original books in the Hanafite school, d. 189 H.

Muhammad bin Yahya, disciple of al Ghazali, head of the Shafi'ites in Nisabur, d. 548

H.

Mujahid bin Jabar al Makki, a renowned Follower, d. 135 H.

Al Munawi, Muhammad 'Abd al Ra'uf, great scholar in jurisprudence and sayings, Shafi'ite Egyptian, author of Faid al Qadir, and al Taisir as a commentary on al Jami'al Saghir, d. 1031 H.

Ibn al Munayyir, Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Mansur, Nasir al Din, renowned Malikite jurist. 'Izz al Din bin 'Abd ald Salam says "The land of Egypt is proud of having two persons, Ibn Daqiq al Id and Ibn al Munayyir." D. 683 H.

Ibn al Mundhir, Muhammad bin Ibrahim al Nisaburi, Abu Bakr, a great jurist. He was a mujtahid and leader in knowledge, authored many books, d. 319 H.

Al Mundhiri, Zaki al Din 'Abd al Salam, known leader and critic in sayings, author of al Targhib wa al Tarhib and Mukhtasar Sunan Abu Daud, d. 656 H.

Murrah al Hamdani bin Shurahil a Saksaki, Abu Isma'il al Kufi, trustworthy Follower, known as a great worshiper, used to be called "Murrah al Tayeb" or "Murrah al Khair, " d. 76 H.

Al Murtada, Muhammad bin Yahya al Wadi bin al Husain al Hashimi al Hasani, leading Zaidi jurist, inherited knowledge from his father al Hadi, d. 310 H.

Musa bin Talhah bin 'Abd Allah al Qurashi al Taimi, trustworthy Follower, a leading Muslim figure of his time, d. 103, 104, or 106 H.

Abu Musa al Ash'ari, Abd Allah bin Qais, famous Companion. The Prophet appointed him to Yemen and 'Umar appointed him as a judge, d. 44 H.

Al Muzani, Isma'il bin Yahya, a mujtahid, Egyptian disciple of al Shafi'i, and a worshiper, d. 264 H.

Al Nadwi, al Sayid Abu al Hasan 'Ali al Hasani, secretary of Nadwat al 'Ulama'in Lucknow, India, one of the greatest figures in the contemporary Islamic movement, and a famous Islamic author.

Ibn Nafi, 'Abd Allah al Sa'igh, Abu Muhammad al Madani, a disciple of Malik, the best versed in Malik's opinions. Al Shafi'i praises him, but others criticize the accuracy of his memory, d. 206 or 207 H.

Al Nahhas, Abu Ja'far, Ahmad bin Muhammad, Egyptian scholar, d. 338 H.

Ibn Haji, Qasim bin 'Isa, Malikite jurist, author of Sharh al Risalah, an explanation of al Risalah, which is by Ibn Abi Zaid, d. 837 H.

Al Nakha'i, Ibrahim bin Yazid bin Qais al Kufi, great jurist, a Follower, and one of the pillars of knowledge in al Kuraf, d. 96 H.

Al Nasir, al Hasan bin 'Ali al Husaini al Hashimi, d. 304 H.

Al Nawawi, Abu Zakariyya, Muhiy al Din Yahya bin Sharaf al Din, great jurist by unanimous opinion of scholars, a Shafi'ite scholar and critic in sayings and jurisprudence, d. 676 H.

Ibn Nujaim, al Zain, a great Hanafite scholar, called the second Abu Hanifah, author of al Ashbah wa al Naza'ir, al Bahr al Ra'iq, and several other volume, d. 970 H.

Al Qadi 'Abd al Wahhab. See 'Abd al Wahhab bin 'Ali.

Al Qadi Ya'qub. See Ya'qub.

Al Qaffal. He is most likely 'Abd Allah bin Ahmad bin al Qaffal al Saghir, d. 417 H.

Al Qahastani, Ahmad bin Muhammad bin 'Abd Allah, Abu al Qasim, a Hanafite jurist.

Al Qarafi, Shihab al Din Abu al 'Abbas Ahmad bin Idris bin 'Abd al Rahman, jurist and scholar of usul, great Malikite d. 684 H.

Ibn al Qasim, Abd al Rahman al 'Utaqi, Abu 'Abd Allah, Egyptian jurist, disciple of Malik, and a great defender of Malik's school, d. 191 H.

Al Qasim bin Ibrahim bin Isma'il bin al Hasan bin Ali, leading scholar from Ahl al Bait, d. 242 or 244 H.

Al Qasim bin Muhammad bin Abu Bakr the Truthful, one of the pillars of knowledge in the era of the Followers, and a great Follower, d. 108 H.

Al Qasimi, Jamal al Din Muhammad, the great scholar of Syria, who wrote a commentary on the Qur'an called Mahasin al Ta'wil. He was a saying scholar and critic too, d. 1332 H.

Al Rafi'i, Abu al Qasim 'Abd al Karim bin Muhammad bin 'Abd al Karim, a leading Shafi'ite figure, d. 623 H.

Al Rafi'i, Mustafa Sadiq, great modern writer in Islamic studies and Arabic literature, author of Wahi al Qalam, d. 1356 H. / 1937 AD.

Al Ramli, Shams al Din, author of the commentary on al Nawawi's al Minhaj.

Ibn Rislah.

Al Rayis, Dr. Muhammad Diya, professor of Islamic history at Egyptian universities, modern author of several useful books, including al Kharaj fi al Dawlah al Islamiyyah.

Abu Razin, Mas'ud bin Malik al Asadi, a trustworthy Follower who lived in Kufah d. 85

H.

Ibn Rushaid, Muhammad bin 'Amr bin Muhammad, Abu 'Abd Allah Majd al Din al Fihri al Sibti, a Malikite jurist as well as a Qur'an and sayings scholar, d. 721 H.

Ibn Rushd, Muhammad bin Ahmad, the grandfather, one of the greatest scholars in the Malikite school, d. 520 H.

Ibn Rushd, Muhammad bin Ahmad al Qurtubi al Andalusi, the judge and famous philosopher, known as Ibn Rushd the grandson, d. 595 H.

Al Qashiri, 'Abd al Rahman bin 'Abd al Karim bin Hawazin, great Shafi'ite jurist, d. 514

H.

Qatadah bin Da'amah al Sadusi, Abu al Khattab al Basri, one of the most knowledgeable Followers, d. 117 H.

Ibn al Qayyim, Abu 'Abd Allah, Shams al Din Muhammad bin Abu Bakr, a strong leading scholar, author of many beneficial volumes, d. 751 H.

Ibn Qudamah, Abu Muhammad 'Abd Allah bin Ahmad, great Hanbalite scholar and jurist, author of al Mughni, d. 620 H.

Ibn Qulabah, 'Abd Allah bin Zaid al Jurami al Azdi al Basri, great Follower and trustworthy jurist, d. 104 H.

Al Qurtubi, Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad bin Ahmad al Ansari, author of a commentary on the Qur'an and a great Malikite jurist, d. 774 H.

Al Qurtubi, Ahmad bin 'Umar, commentator on the correct collection of Muslim, d. 656

H.

Al Rabi' bin Anas al Bakri al Hanafi al Basri, then al Khurasani. Al 'Ujali and Abu Hatim say "He is honest"; al Nasa'i says "He is all right." D. 139 or 140 H.

Rabi'ah bin Abi 'Abd al Rahman al Taimi, known as Rabi'ah al Ra'i, teacher of Malik, a trustworthy Follower, and renowned jurist, d. 136 H.

Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas al Zuhri, one of the early Muslims, one of the ten persons promised heaven, and one of the six persons selected by 'Umar to choose the next khalifah, d. 55 H.

Sahl bin Abi Hathamah al Ansari al Khazraji, the Companion son of a Companion. His year of death is not precisely know.

Sa'id bin 'Abd al 'Aziz al Tanukhi al Dimashqi, a contemporary of al Awza'i about whom al Hakim says "He is for Syria like Malik for Madinah in knowledge and leadership." D. 167 or 168 H.

Sa'id bin Jubair al Kufi, a great Follower and scholar of his time, d. 95 H.

Abu Sa'id al Khudri, Sa'd bin Malik bin Sinan al Khazraji al Ansari, one of the great Companions, one of the seven persons who narrate more than one thousand sayings from the Prophet (p) d. 74 H.

Sa'id bin al Musayyib al Qurashi al Makhzumi, known as "the master of the Followers", d. 95 H.

Salamah bin al Akwa' al Aslami, famous Companion who attended the pledge or covenant known as "Bai'at al Ridwan," d. 74 H.

Abu Salamah bin 'Abd al Rahman bin 'Awf al Zuhri al Madani, great Follower and jurist, d. 94 or 104 H.

Salim bin 'Abd Allah bin 'Umar bin al Khattab al Madani, the great jurist, one of the seven jurists of Madinah and a leading Follower, d. 107 H.

Salamn al Farisi, Abu 'Abd Allah, known as "the son of Islam," great Companion, d. 33, 36, or 37 H.

Al Sarakhsi, Muhammad bin Ahmad Abu Bakr, sun of scholars, a great Hanafite jurist who dictated his big book al Mabsut while in prison, d. 483 H.

Sayyid Qutb, Islamic thinker and writer, author of Fi Zilal al Qur'an, al 'Adalah al Ijtima' iyyah, Khasa'is al Tasawwur al Islami, and several other books, who was martyred in Egypt in 1966 AD / 1386 H.

Al Sha'bi 'Amir bin Sharahil al Kufi, leading Follower and scholar, d. 105 H.

Shahr bin Hawshab al Ash'ari, a Follower. His trustworthiness is disputed. Muslim, the four, and al Bukhari in al Adab al Mufrad report from him. Al Tabari says he was a jurist and a knowledgeable scholar, d. 100, 111, or 112 H.

Shakir, Shaikh Ahmad bin Muhammad, the modern Egyptian judge and scholar of sayings and Arabic language, known for his editing of many important books, such as al Muhalla, al Risalah, Musnad Ahmad, Tafsir al Tabari, and several others.

Shaltut, Shaikh Mahmud, former chairman of al Azhar, a modern Egyptian known for his famous religious opinions and explanations of the Qur'an. He has several useful books.

Abu al Sha'tha, Salim bin Aswad bin Hanzalah al Muharibi al Kufi, trustworthy Follower, d. 85 H.

Al Shatibi, Abu Ishaq, Ibrahim bin Musa al Lakhmi al Ghirnati al Maliki, great scholar from Andalusia, author of the two distinguished books, al Muwafaqat and al I'tisam, d. 790 H.

Al Shawkani, Muhammad bin 'Ali al Yamani al Zaidi, an independent mujtahid, d. 1255

H.

Ibn Shihab. See al Zuhri.

Ibn Shubrumah, 'Abd Allah bin al Tufail al Basrial Kufi, the judge, one of the trustworthy jurists, d. 144 H.

Shuraih bin al Harith bin Qais al Kindi, the great judge and one of the greatest Followers, d. 87 H.

Shuraik bin 'Abd Allah al Nakha'i al Kufi, jurist and judge, trustworthy and honest.

Muslim and the four report from him, but he used to make many mistakes, d. 177

or 187 H.

Ibn Sirin, Muhammad Abu Bakr al Basri, a great Follower and jurist, d. 110 H.

Smith, Adam, founder of modern Western economics, famous for his book The Wealth of Nations, 1776 AD.

Al Suddi, Isma'il bin 'Abd al Rahman, al Kufi, known as al Suddi al Kabir, famous for his explanations of the Qur'an. Some people grade him trustworthy and others do not. Muslim and the four report from him. D. 127 H.

Sufyan al Thawri. See al Thawri.

Sufyan bin 'Uyainah al Hilali, a great trustworthy scholar and sayings critic, about whom al Shafi'i says, "If it were not for Malik and Sufyan, knowledge in Hijaz would have been wiped out." D. 198 H.

Suhnun, 'Abd al Salam bin Sa'id al Tanukhi, famous Malikite jurist, head of scholars in the Islamic West, d. 240 H.

Sulaiman bin Harb, Abu Ayyub al Basri, lived in Makkah and was a judge there; a trustworthy saying scholar, d. 224 H.

Sulaiman bin Musa al Dimashqi, jurist of Syria at his time, the most knowledgeable disciple of Makhul, d. 115 H.

Sulaiman bin Yasar al Hilali al Madani, former slave of Maimunah (the mother of Believers and wife of the Messenger (p)), great Follower, and one of the seven renowned jurists, d. 110 H.

Al Sadiq. See Ja'far al Sadiq.

Sadr al Shari'ah Mas'ud bin Ahmad bin Burhan, Hanafite jurist and scholar.

Al Saimari, 'Abd al Wahid bin al Husain, the judge and leading Shafi'ite scholar, d.

after 386 H.

Al San'ani, Muhammad bin Isma'il al Yamani al Zaidi, author of Subul al Salam and other books, d. 1182 H.

Al Sawi, a Malikite jurist.

Siddiq Hasan Khan, King of Bhopal, India, great independent-minded scholar, similar to al Shawkani, d. 1307 H.

Ibn Taimiyah, Ahmad bin 'Abd al Halim, leading scholar and mujtahid, "shaikh al Islam" and the political and knowledge leader of his time, d. 728 H.

Abu Thawr, Ibrahim bin Khalid al Kalbi, jurist and mujtahid, disciple of al Shafi'i, d.

240 H.

Al Thawri, Sufyan bin Sa'id, Abu 'Abd Allah al Kufi, prince of believers in sayings and knowledge, one of the famous Muslim jurists and worshipers, d. 161 H.

Thomas Arnold.

Al Tabari, Muhammad bin Jarir, Abu Ja'far, master of Qur'an commentators, and unrivaled leader of historians; a mujtahid and independent person, d. 310 H.

Al Tahawi, Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Salamah, a jurist and leading Hanafite of his time, d. 321 H.

Talhah bin 'Abd Allah bin 'Awf al Zuhri al Madani, well-known judge, trustworthy Follower and jurist, nephew of 'Abd al Rahman bin 'Awf, d. 97 H.

Abu Talib, Yahya bin al Husain bin Muhammad, brother of al Mu'ayyad bi Allah, leading scholar of Ahl al Bait, d. 424 H.

Taus, Dhakwan bin Kisan al Yamani, Abu 'Abd Allah great renowned trustworthy Follower, d. 106 H.

Al Tibi.

'Ubadah bin al Samit al Ansari al Khazraji, Abu al Walid, one of the chairmen selected by the Prophet (p) on the night of the Pledge of al 'Aqabah, one of the Companions who collected the Qur'an during the life of the Prophet, d. 34 H.

'Ubaid Allah bin al Hasan bin Husain al 'Anbari, trustworthy Egyptian jurist and judge, d. 168 H.

Abu 'Ubaid, al Qasim bin Sallam, leading scholar and mujtahid, author of al Amwal, d. 225 H.

Abu 'Ubaidh bin al Jarrah, 'Amir bin 'Abd Allah, one of the early Muslim, great Companion, one of the ten person promised heaven, the most trustworthy person of this Ummah, d. 18 H.

Ibn 'Ubaidan, Ism'il bin Ibrahim al Basri, named in relation to his mother or grandmother, one of the most trustworthy scholars and a leader in sayings studies and critism known as "the rose of jurists," d. 193 or 194 H.

'Umar bin 'Abd al Aziz bin Marwan, Prince of Believers, the fifth of the Wise Successors, renovator of the first century of Islam, d. 101 H.

Ibn 'Umar. See 'Abd Allah.

'Umar al Hafiz bin Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Musa al Nisaburi, Hanafite scholar, disciple of Abu 'Abd al Rahman al Sulami, d. 467 H.

'Umar bin al Khattab, Prince of Relievers, one of the ten promised heaven, the gigantic leader of the Islamic states, second Successor of the Prophet (p), about whom the Prophet says, "God made truth come on his tongue and in his heart," d. 23 H.

'Urwah bin al Zubair bin al 'Awwam al Asadi al Madani, one of the seven pillars of jurisprudence in Madinah, a great Follower and scholar, d. 91 or 101 H.

"Uthman bin 'Affan, Prince of Believers, "the man with the two lights," one of the ten promised heaven, d. 35 H.

Ibn Wahb, 'Abd Allah bin Wahb bin Muslim, master of knowledge in Egypt and its great jurist, trustworthy disciple of Malik who combined jurisprudence, saying, and piety, d. 197 H.

Al Wahidi, Abu al Hasan 'Ali bin Ahmad, top professor of his time in explanation of Qur'an and in Arabic grammar, d. 468 H.

Waki' bin al Jarrah, Abu Sufian al Kufi, one of the most famous scholars and trustworthy persons of his time, known for his knowledge of sayings and for his piety, d. 196 or 197 H.

Yahya bin Adam, Abu Zakariyya al Kufi, one of the most trustworthy persons, scholar and critic of sayings, author of al Kharaj, d. 203 H.

Yahya bin Hamzah bin 'Ali al Hashimi al Husaini, knowledgeable Zaidi scholar and leader, d. 749 H.

Abu Ya'la, Muhammad bin al Husain al Farra, the judge, a great Hanbalite scholar, d.

458 H.

Ya'qub bin Ibrahim bin Satura al Barzabini, Abu 'Ali, the judge and great Hanbalite jurist, d. 486 H.

Abu Yusuf, Ya'qub bin Ibrahim, the disciple of Abu Hanifah, the great judge at the time of the Abbasides, a mujtahid, d. 182 H.

Ibn Zaid. See Jabir bin Zaid.

Ibn Abi Zaid, 'Abd Allah bin 'Abd al Rahman Abu Muhammad al Qairawani, Malikite jurist and well-known scholar, d. 386 H.

Zaid bin 'Ali bin al Husain bin 'Ali bin Abi Talib, leader and founder of the Zaidi school. Abu Ishaq al Sabi'i says "I have not seen anyone like Zaid in knowledge or grace among all the Ahl al Bait." D. 120 or 121 H.

Zaid bin Thabit al Ansari, scribe of the Qur'an, the one who collected the Qur'an at the time of Abu Bakr and 'Uthman, a great knowledgeable Companion, d. 45 H.

Abu Zahrah, Shaik Muhammad, professor of Shari'ah in various Arab universities in Egypt and elsewhere, a great modern scholar and writer.

Al Zamakhshari, Mahmud bin 'Umar, a Mu'tazilite, good writer, author of the explanation of the Qur'an called al Kashshaf, also author of al Asas, al Fa'iq, and other volumes, d. 538 H.

Al Zarkashi, Badr al Din 'Abd Allah bin Muhammad, a great Shafi'ite scholar, d. 794 H.

Zarruq, Ahmad bin Muhammad bin 'Isa al Barnasi al Maliki, a great Malikite jurist in the Islamic West, d. 899 H.

Zinbareau, modern orientalist, one of the writers of the Encyclopedia of Islam.

Ibn al Zubair, 'Abd Allah bin al Zubair bin al 'Awwam al Asadi al Qurashi, a Companion, great scholar, and courageous person, who was elected khalifah after the death of Mu'awiyah and remained so for a few years until he was killed by a Hajjaj the year 78 H.

Al Zurhri, Muhammad bin Muslim bin . . . bin Shihab, leading scholar of his time, with one of the best memories in the history of sayings and jurisprudence, d. 124 H.

Zufar bin al Hudhail bin Qais al 'Anbari, one of the great jurists, disciple of Abu Hanifah, about whom his teacher says, "He is the most knowledgeable in analogy among my disciples." D. 158 H.

REFERENCES Note:

Reference are classified according to subject. In each subject, sequence of authors is according to the year of their death. Books whose place of printing is not mentioned were printed in Cairo. Sometime I refer to other printing not mentioned in this references; they are referred to in the footnotes. This happens because the book was authored in several places. Names of books are translated when they give an idea about their subjects, but references whose names are just general titles are not translated.

I. The Qur'an and Qur'anic Studies The Glorious Qur'an.

Tafsir Gharib al Qur'an (Dictionary of Difficult Words in the Qur'an), by Abu Muhammad 'Abud Allah bin Muslim bin Qutaibah, 4. 276 H, ed. Ahmad Saqr, 'Isa al Babi al Halabi print.

Jami' al Bayan An Ta'wil al Qur'an, known as Tafsir al Tabari (explanation of the Qur'an), by al Imam al Tabari, d. 310, Dar al Ma'arif print, ed. Mahmud Muhammad Shakir, al Halabi print.

Akham al Qur'an (Rulings of the Qur'an) by al Imam al Jassas, d. 370 H, al Matba'a al Bahiyah print, Egypt.

Asbab al Nuzul (Circumstances of Revelation of Verses), by Abu Hasan, 'Ali bin Ahmad al Wahidi al Nisaburi, d. 468 H.

Mufradat al Qur'an (Dictionary of Qur'anic Vocabulary), by al Husain bin Muhammad bin al Mufaddal, known as al Raghb al Asfahani, d. 502 H., printed in the margins of al Nihayah, by Ibn al Athir, al Halabi print.

Al Kashshaf An Haqa'iq al Tanzil wa Daqa'iq al Ta'wil (explanation of the Qur'an), by Mahmud bin 'Umar al Zamakhshari, d. 538 H.

Ahkam al Qur'an (Rulings of the Qur'an), by a Qadi Abu Bakr bin al 'Arabi, d. 543, al Halabi print, ed. 'Ali al Bijawi.

Majma' al Bayan fi Tafsir al Qur'an (explanation of the Qur'an) by Abu 'Ali al Fadl bin al Hasan al Tubrusi al Shi'i, d. 548 H.

Al Tafsir al Kabir, called Mafatih al Ghaib (explanation of the Qur'an) by al Imam Fakhr al Din al Razi, d. 606, al Misriyah print, 1938.

Al Jami' li Ahkam al Qur'an (explanation of the Qur'an) by al Imam al Qurtubi, d. 774, Dar al Kutub print.

Tafsir al Qur'an al 'Azim (explanation of the Qur'an), by al Hafiz, Abu al Fida' Isma'il bin Kathir al Qurashi, d. 774, al Halabi print.

Al Intisaf min al Kashshaf (remarks on the explanation al Kashshaf).

Al Burhan fi 'Ulum al Qur'an (Qur'anic studies), by al Imam Badr al Din 'Abd Allah bin Muhammad al Zarkashi, d. 794 H, al Halabi print, ed. Abu al Fadl Ibrahim.

Al Durr al Manthur fi al Tafsir bi al Ma'thur (explanation of the Qur'an), by al Hafiz Jalal al Din al Suyuti, d. 911, al Maimaniyah print.

Al Iklil fi Istinbat al Ta'wil (commentary on the Qur'an) by al Suyuti.

Al Itqan fi 'Ulum al Qur'an (Qur'anic studies), by al Suyuti.

Rub al Ma'ani ((explanation of the Qur'an), by Shihab al Din Mahumud al Alusi al Baghdadi, d. 1270 H.

Al Futuhat al Ilahiyah, known as Hashiat al Jumal (notes and comments on the Qur'an).

Mahasin al Ta'wil (explanation of the Qur'an) by Jamal al Din al Qasimi, d. 1332 H / 1924 AD, al Halabi print, ed. Muhammad Fu'ad Abd al Baqi.

Tafsir al Qur'an al Hakim, known as Tafsir al Manar (explanation of the Qur'an), by Muhammad Rashid Rida, d. 1354 H.

Tafsir al Qur'an al Karim: The First Ten Parts (explanation of the Qur'an) by Shaikh Mahmud Shaltut, Dar al Qalam print.

Fi Zilal al Qur'an (In the Shade of the Qur'an) by the martyr Sayyid Qutb, al Halabi print.

Al Tafsir al Hadith (explanation of the Qur'an) by Muhammad 'Izzat Darwazah.

Al Mu'jam al Mufahras li Alfaz al Qur'an al Karim (index of Qur'anic verses) by Muhammad Fu'ad 'Abd al Baqi, Jaridat al Sha'b print.

II. Studies of Sayings and Narrators Al Muwatta' (collection of sayings and jurisprudence rulings) by the Imam of Madinah, Malik bin Anas, d. 179 H, printed on the margins of its commentary, al Muntaqa, by al Babi, second volume, al Sa'adah print or al Halabi print.

Al Musannaf, (sayings collection) by al Imam Abu Bakr bin Abi Shaibah, d. 335, Multan print, Pakistan, or Hyderabad print, India.

Al Musnad (sayings collection), by al Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal, d. 241 H, Dar al Ma'arif print, ed. Ahmad Muhammad Shakir, al Maimaniyah print.

Al Jami' al Saheeh (collection of correct sayings) by al Imam Muhammad bin Isma'il al Bukhari, d. 256 H, printed with Fath al Bari and a commentary called Hashiat al Sindi, or printed alone by al Sha'b print.

Al Tarikh al Kabir (The Great Book of History) by al Bukhari, Hyderabad print.

Sahih Muslim (collection of correct sayings) by al Imam Muslim bin al Hajjaj al Qashiri al Nisaburi, d. 261 H, with commentary by al Nawawi, al Misriyah print, and al Azhar print, first ed. 1348 H.

Sunan Abu Daud (collection of sayings) by al Imam Abu Daud, Sulaiman bin al Ash'ath al Sajastani, d. 275 H, al Sa'adah print.

Sunan Ibn Majah (sayings collection) by al Hafiz Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad bin Yazid al Qazwini, known as Ibn Majah, d. 275 H, al Halabi print.

Jami' al Tirmidhi (collection of sayings) by al Imam Abu 'Isa Muhammad bin 'Isa al Tirmidhi, d. 279 H, with its explanation by Ibn al 'Arabi, known as 'Aridat al Ahwadhi, or with commentary by al Mubarakfuri, known as Tuhfat al Ahwadhi, or printed alone as ed. by Ahmad Shakir.

Sunan al Nasa'i (sayings collection) by al Imam Abu 'Abd al Rahman, Ahmad bin Shu'aib al Nasa'i, printed with the explanation by al Suyuti and notes by al Sindi.

Mushkil al Athar (sayings studies and criticism) by al Imam Abu Ja'far al Tahawi, d. 321

H, Hyderabad print, 1333 H.

Al Jarh wa al Ta'dil (study of narrators) by Ibn Abu Hatim al Razi, Hyderabad print.

Ma'alim al Sunan (sayings collection and study) by al Imam Abu Sulaiman al Khattabi, d. 338, Ansar al Sunnah print. Printed along with Mukhtasar Sunan Abu Daud by al Mundhiri, and Tahdhib Mukhtasar Sunan Abu Daud by Ibn al Qayyim, ed.

Shaikh Ahmad Shakir and Shaikh Muhammad Hamid al Faqi.

Al Mustadrak 'Ala al Sahihain (Additions to the Two Correct Collections) by Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad bin 'Abd Allah, known as al Hakim al Nisaburi, d. 405, Hyderabad print.

Al Sunan al Kbura (The Great Book of Saying) by al Hafiz Abu Bakr Ahmad bin al Husain al Baihaqi, d. 458 H, Hyderabad print.

Al Jawhar al Naqi (sayings study and cirticism) by 'Ala'al Din 'Ali bin 'Uthman al Maridini, known as Ibn al Turkumani, d. 745 H, Hyderabad print.

Al I'tibar fi al Nasikh wa al Mansukh li al 'Athar (Study on Annulment in Sayings) by al Hazimi, d. 584, Hyderabad print.

'Umdat al Ahkam (collections of correct sayings related to rulings) by al Hafiz 'Abd al Ghani bin 'Abd al Wahid al Maqdisi, d. 600 H, printed with its explanation, called al Ihkam, by Ibn Daqiq al 'Id, al Sunnah al Muhammadiyah print, ed. Ahmad Shakir.

Muntaqa al Akhbar li Ahadith Sayyid al Akhyar, known as al Muntaqa (selection of correct sayings related to rulings) by Abu al Barakat bin Taimiyyah, the grandfather, d. 652 H.

Al Targhib wa al Tarhib (collection of sayings), by al Hafiz al Mundhiri, d. 656 H, al Halabi print.

Mukhtasar Sunan Abu Daud, by al Mundhiri, printed with Ma'alim al Sunan, mentioned above.

Sharh al Nawawi on Sahih Mulim (Explanation of the Sayings in Muslim's Correct Collection) by al Imam al Nawawi, d. 676 H.

Al Ihkam, Sharh 'Umdat al Ahkam (explanation of sayings in 'Umdat al Ahkam) by al Imam Abu al Fath Muhammad bin 'Ali bin Wahb Taqi al Din, known as Ibn Daqiq al 'Id, d. 702 H, printed with 'Umdat al Ahkam.

Mishkat al Masabih (collection of sayings) by al Hafiz Waliyyu al Din Muhammad bin 'Abd Allah al Khatib al 'Umari al Tabrizi, d. 737 H, ed. Shaikh Nasir al Din al Albani, al Maktab al Islami print, Damascus.

Talkhis al Mustadrak (Summary of al Mustadrak) by al Imam al Hafiz al Dhahabi, d.

748 H, Hyderabad print.

Mizan al I'tidal (Study of narrators' biographies) by al Dhahabi, al Halabi print.

Tahdhib Sunan Abu Daud (summary of Sunan Abu Daud, with comments) by al Imam Abu 'Abd Allah Shams al Din Mhuammad bin Abu Bakr, known as Ibn al Qayyim or Ibn Qayyim al Jawziyah, d. 751 H, printed with Ma'alim al Sunan.

Nasb al Rayah li Ahadith al Hidayah (study of sayings in the Book of jurisprudence al Hidayah), by al Hafiz Jamal al Din Abu Muhammad 'Abd Allah bin Yusuf al Zaila'i al Hanafi, d. 762 H, Dar al Ma'mun print, printed with the commentary Bulghat al Alma'i fi Takhrij al Zaila'i.

Takhrij Ahadith al Ihya' (study and criticism of sayings in the Book al Ihya' by al Ghazali) by al Hafiz Zain al Din Abu al Fadl 'Abd al Rahim bin Husain al 'Iraqi, d.

806 H, printed with al Ihya'.

Tarh al Tathrib Sharh al Taqrib (explanation of the book al Taqrib, which is a study of narrators' biographies), by al 'Iraqi, completed by his son Abu Zar'ah, d. 827 H.

Majma' al Zawa'id wa Manba' al Fawa'id (collection of sayings in six major books) by al Hafiz Nur al Din 'Ali bin Abu Bakr al Haithami, d. 807, Maktabat al Qudsi print.

Fath al Bari Sharh Sahih al Bukhari, (Explanation of the Correct Collection of al Bukhari) by Shaikh al Islam al Hafiz Ahmad bin Hajar al 'Asqalani, d. 852, al Khairiyah print, 1319 H; also al Halabi print.

Bulugh al Maram min Adillat al Ahkam (collection of correct sayings related to rulings)

by Ibn Hajr.

Talkhis al Habir fi Takhrij Ahadith al Rafi'i al Kabir (Study and Criticism of Sayings Mentioned in al Rafi'i's book) by Ibn Hajar, printed in India.

Tahdhib al Tahdhib (study of narrators' biographies), by Ibn Hajar, ed. 'Abd al Wahhab 'Abd al Latif, Dar al Kitab al 'Arabi print.

Takhrij Ahadith al Kashshaf (Study of the Sayings Mentioned in the Explanation of the Qur'an Called al Kashshaf), by Ibn Hajar.

'Umdat al Qari Sharh Sahih al Bukhari (Explanation of the Correct Collection of al Bukhari) by Badr al Din Abu Muhammad Mahmud bin Ahmad al 'Aini, d. 855 H.

printed by Idarat al Tiba'ah al Muniriyyah.

Al Jami al Saghir min Hadith al Bashir al Nadhir, known as al Jami al Saghir, by al Suyuti, d. 911 H., al Halabi print.

Al La'ali al Masnu'ah bi al Ahadith al Mawdu'ah (study of false sayings) by al Suyuti, second volume, al Maktabah al Idariyyah print.

Zahr al Ruba 'Ala al Mujtaba (explanation of the book Sunan al Nasa'i) by al Suyuti.

Tadrib al Rawi 'Ala Taqrib al Nawawi (commentary on al Taqrib by al Nawawi--a study of narrators' biographies), by al Suyuti, ed. 'Abd al Wahhab 'Abd al Latif.

Khulasat Tahdhib al Kamal fi Asma' al Rijal (study of biographies) by Safiyyu al Din al Khazraji, d. 923 H.

Kanz al 'Ummal fi Sunan al Aqwal wa al Af'al (collection of sayings) by Shaikh 'Ali al Muttaqi, 'Ala al Din al Hindi, d. 975 H. Hyderabad print.

Mirqat al Mafatih, (commentary on Mishkat al Masabih) by 'Ali al Farisi, d. 1014 H, Multan print.

Al Mubin al Mu'in li Fahm al Arba'in (explanation of the forty sayings selected by al Nawawi) by al Farisi.

Faid al Qadir Sharh al Jami' al Saghir (explanation of al Jami' al Saghir) by al Munawi, d. 1031 H.

Al Taisir (explanation of al Jami' al Saghir) by al Munawi, al Maktab al Islami print, Beirut.

Kashf al Khafa wa Muzil al Ilbas (criticism of sayings common among laymen) by Isma'il al 'Ajluni, d. 1162 H.

Subul al Salam (explanation of the collection of sayings called Bulugh al Maram) by al San'ani, d. 1182 H, Sabih print.

Nail al Awtar (explanation of Muntaqa al Akhbar) by al Imam al Shawkani, d. 1250 H, al Halabi print.

Al Fawa'id al Majmu'ah fi al Ahadith al Mawdu'ah (study of false sayings), by al Shawkani.

Al Raf' wa al Takmil fi al Jarh wa al Ta'dil (study of narrators' biographies) by Shaikh Muhammad 'Abd al Hai al Laknawi al Hindi, d. 1304 H, ed. Shaikh 'Abd al Fattah Abu Ghuddah, Dar Lubnan print.

Al Ajwibah al Fadilah (study in sayings criticism and scrutinization) by al Laknawi, with comments by Abu Ghuddah, al Matb'ah al Suriyyah print, Aleppo.

Tuhfat al Ahwadhi (explanation of the collection of sayings by al Tirmidhi) by Muhammad 'Abd al Rahman bin 'Abd al Rahim al Mubarakfuri, d. 1353 H, Dar al Ittihad al 'Arabi li al Tiba'ah print, Cairo.

Al Fath al Rabbani (a study of Musnad Ahmad and its commentary, Bulugh al Amani)

by Shaikh Ahmad 'Abd al Rahman al Banna, Matba'at al Fath al Rabbani print, 1357 H.

Miftah Kunuz al Sunnah (index of sayings) by the orientalist Dr. A.I. Vinsink, translated by Muhammad Fu'ad 'Abd al Haqi.

Silsilat al Ahadith al Da'ifah wa al Mawdu'ah (Series of Weak and False Sayings) by al Albani.

Al Mu'jam al Mufahras li Alfaz al Hadith (index of words in sayings) by a group of orientalists, with the help of Muhammad Fu'ad 'Abd al Baqi, Brill print, Leiden, Holland.

Mir'at al Mafatih (explanation of Mishkat al Masabih) by Abu al Hasan 'Ubaid Allah bin Muhammad 'Abd al Salam al Mubarakfuri, Vol. 3, Indian print, 1382 H./1962

AD.

III. Books on Jurisprudence A. Hanafite fiqh Al Kharaj (study in public finance) by al Imam Abu Yusuf, d. 182 H, al Salafiyyah print, 1352 H.

Al Mabsut, volumatic book in Hanafite fiqh, by the sun of jurists, al Sarakhsi, d. 483 H, al Sa'adah print, 1324. It is an explanation of the book al Kafi by al Hakim al Shahid, which is a collection of the books known as Kutub Zahir al Riwayah, by al Imam Muhammad bin al Hasan al Shaibani, disciple of Abu Hanifah, d. 189 H.

Sharh Siyar al Kabir (explanations and comments on the book al Siyar al Kabir by al Imam Muhammad) by al Sarakhsi, Hyderabad print, 1335 H.

Bada'i al Sana'i (volumatic book of fiqh) by al Kasani, d. 587 H, printed by Sharikat al Matbu'at al 'Ilmiyyah, 1327 H.

Al Hidayah (volumatic book in jurisprudence) by Shaikh al Islam Burhan al Din 'Ali bin Abu Bakr al Marghinani, d. 593 H, Mustafa Muhammad print.

Sharh al 'Inayah 'Ala al Hidayah (comments on al Hidayah) by Akmal al Din Muhammad bin Mahmud al Barbarti, d. 776 H, printed on the margins of al Hidayah.

Majma al Anhur (explanation of the book Multaqa al Abhur), by Shaikh Zadah, d. 951

H, printed in Istanbul.

Al Bahr al Ra'iq (an explanation of the book Kanz al Daqa'iq) by al Zain bin Nujaim, d. 870 H.

Fiqh al Zakah (Vol. II), Dr. Yusuf al Qardawi 358

Al Durr al Mukhtar (explanation of the book Tanwir al Absar) by al Haskafi, d. 1077 H.

Durr al muntaqa (explanation of al Multaqa) printed on the margins of Majma' al Anhur, by al Haskafi.

Radd al Muhtar (comments on al Durr al Mukhtar) by the great scholar Muhammad Amin bin 'Abidin, d. 1252 H, al Maimaniyah print, and Istanbul print. On its margins is printed al Durr al Mukhtar. This book is known as Hashiat Ibn 'Abidin.

B. Malikite fiqh Al Mudawwanah al Kubra, by al Imam Anas bin Malik, as reported from him by al Imam Suhnun bin Sa'id al Tanukhi from al Imam 'Abd al Rahman bin al Qasim, al Khairiyyah print, 1324 H.

Al Risalah, by Ibn Abi Zaid al Qairawani, d. 386 H. This is printed with its two explanations by Zarruq and Ibn Naji.

Al Muntaqa (explanation of Malik's al Muwatta') by al Qadi Abu al Walid Sulaiman al Baji, d. 494 H, Vol. 2, al Sa'adah print. On its margins is al Muwatta'.

Bidayal al Mujtahid, by the judge Ibn Rushd, d. 595, al Istiqamah print, 1371. It is in fact a comparative study in jurisprudence.

Mukhtasar Khalil by Abu al Diya Khalil bin Ishaq, d. 776 H, printed with its explanation by al Dardir and commentary by al Dusuqu.

Sharh al Risalah, bin Ibn Naji, d. 837 H, al Jamaliyyah print.

Sharh al Risalah, by Zarruq, d. 899 H. This and the previous listing are printed together with al Risalah.

Sharh al Khirshi by Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad al Khirshi, d. 1106. It is an explanation of Mukhtasar Khalil.

Sharh al Zurqani (explanation of al Muwatta').

Tahdhib al Furuq wa al Qawa'id al Saniyyah (commentary and notes on al Furuq) by Shaikh Muhammad 'Ali bin Shaikh Husain, a Malikite.

Al Sharh al Kabir by Ahmad bin Muhammad al 'Adawi al Khalwati, known as al Dardir, d. 1201. It is an explanation of Mukhasar Khalil.

Al Sharh al Saghir (comments on Aqrab al Masalik), both by al 'Adawi, al Halabi print.

Hashiat al Dusuqu, by Muhammad bin 'Arafah al Dusuqi, d. 1230 H.

Bulghat al Salik li Aqrab al Masalik, by Shaikh Ahmad bin Muhammad al Sawi, d. 1241

H.

Fath al 'Aliyy al Malik, by Shaikh Muhammad 'Alaish, d. 1299 H, Mustafa Muhammad print.

C. Shafi'ite fiqh Al Umm, by al Imam Muhammad bin Idris al Shafi'i, d. 204 H, al Amiriyyah print in Bulaq, Egypt.

Al Ahkam al Sultaniyyah (political theory and ruling related to government), by al Qadi Abu al Hasan al Mawardi, d. 450 H, al Halabi print.

Al Muhadhdhab, by Abu Ishaq al Shirazi, d. 476 H, al Muniriyyah print.

Al Wajiz, by al Imam Abu Hamid Muhammad al Ghazali, d. 505 H.

Fath al 'Aziz (explanation of al Wajiz) by al Imam al Rafi'i, d. 623 H.

Al Majmu' (explanation of al Muhadhdhab) by al Nawawi, d. 676 H. The previous four books are printed by al Muniriyyah, along with Talkhis al Qadir by al Hafiz Ibn Hajar.

Rawdat al Talibin, by al Imam al Nawawi, second volume, printed by al Maktab al Islami.

Al Minhaj, by al Nawawi, printed with its two following explanations:

Tuhfat al Minhaj (explanation of al Minhaj) by Ibn Hajar al Haithami, d. 974 H.

Nihayat al Muhtaj (explanation of al Minhaj) by Shams al Din al Ramli, d. 1004 H, al Halabi print, along with its two commentaries, one by al Shubramallis, d. 1087 H, and the other by al Rashidi, d. 1096 H.

D. Hanbalite fiqh Mukhtasar al Khiraqi, by Abu al Qasim 'Umar bin Husain bin 'Abd Allah al Khiraqi, d.

334 H, printed with al Mughni.

Al Ahkam al Sultaniyyah (political theory and ruling related to government) by al Qadi Abu Ya'la al Hanbali, d. 458 H, ed. Shaikh Muhammad Hamid al Faqi, al Halabi print, 1356 H.

Al Mughni, by Shaikh al Islam Ibn Qudamah al Maqdisi, d. 630 H, al Manar print. It is an explanation of Mukhtasar al Khiraqi.

Al Kafi, by Ibn Qudamah, printed by al Maktab al Islami, Damascus.

Al Sharh al Kabir, by Ibn Qudamah, the grandson, d. 681 H. It is an explanation of al Muqni' by the grandfather.

Fatawa Ibn Taimiyyah, Kurdistan print in Cairo, 1326 H.

Al Ikhtiyarat, by Ibn Taimiyyah, printed with the fourth edition of his Fatawa.

Al Furu' by Ibn Muflih, d. 763 H, printed with its commentary Tashih al Furd'.

Tashih al Furu' (commentary on al Furu'), by Abu al Hasan al Mawardi al Hanbali, d.

875 H, printed by Dar 'Umar li al Tiba'ah, by al Mawardi, printed by Matba'at al Sunnah al Muhammadiyyah.

Al Insaf, by al Mawardi, printed by Matba'at al Sunnan al Muhammadiyyah.

Al Rawd al Murbi', (explanation of Zad al Mustaqni') by Shaikh Mansur bin Unus al Bahwati, d. 1051 H, printed with its commentary by Shaikh 'Abd al 'Aziz al 'Anqari, as edited by Shaikh 'Abd al Latif al Subki, by Matba'at al Sunnah al Muhammadiyyah, 1374 H.

Ghayat al Muntaha, by Shaikh Mir'i bin Yusuf al Karmi, d. 1033 H, printed with the following explanation.

Matalib Uli al Nuha (explanation of Ghayat al Muntaha) by Shaikh Mustafa al Suyuti al Rahbani, d. 1243 H, printed by al Maktab al Islami, Damascus, first printing 1380

H.

Manar al Sabil (Sharh al Dalil) by Shaikh Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin Salim bin Dwayyan, d. 1353 H, printed by al Maktab al Islami.

E. Zahiri fiqh Al Muhalla by Imam Abu Muhammad 'Ali bin Ahmad bin Sa'id bin Hazm al Andalusi, d. 546 H, al Muniriyyah print, ed. Shaikh Ahmad Shakir.

F. Zaidi fiqh Majmu al Fiqh al Kabir, by al Imam Zaid bin 'Ali, d. 132, printed with its explanation, al Rawd al Nadir.

Al Bahr al Zakhkhar, by al Imam al Mahdi, Yahya bin al Murtada, d. 840 H, al Sa'adah print. It is in fact a study in comparative fiqh.

Matn al Azhar, printed with its explanation.

Al Rawd al Nadir (explanation of Majmu' al Fiqh al Kabir) by Sharaf al Din al Husain bin Ahmad bin al Husain al Siyaghi al San'ani, d. 1221 H, al Sa'adah print. It is also a book in comparative fiqh.

Sharh al Azhar (Explanation of al Azhar), by Abu al Hasan 'Abd Allah bin Muftah, d.

877 H, printed by Sharikat al Tamaddun, 1332 H.

G. Imami Ja'fari fiqh Shara'i al Islam fi Fiqh al Imamiyyah, by Shaikh Ja'far bin al Hasan al Hilli, d. 771 H.

Al Mukhtasar al Nafi' fi Fiqh al Imamiyyah (summary of Shara'i al Islam) by al Hilli, printed by Dar al Kitab al 'Arabi.

Jawahir al Kalam (explanation of Shara'i al Islam) by Shaikh Muhammad Hasan al Najafi, printed in Hijr, Iran, 1278 second volume.

Fiqh al Imam Ja'far al Sadiq, by Muhammad Jawad Mughniyyah, printed by Dar al 'Ilm li al Malayin, Beirut.

H. Financial and Administrative Islamic Fiqh Al Kharaj, by al Imam Abu Yusuf, mentioned earlier. It was written upon request of al khalifah Harun al Rashid.

Al Kharaj (Taxation System in Islam) by Yahya bin Adam, d. 203 H, Salafiyyah print, 1352 H, ed. Ahmad Shakir.

Al Amwal (Wealth--a study on the financial and economic system of the state), by al Imam Abu 'Ubaid al Qasim bin Sallam, d. 234 H, ed. Shaikh Muhammad Hamid al Faqi.

Al Ahkam al Sultaniyyah, by al Mawardi, mentioned earlier.

Al Ahkam al Sultaniyyah, by Abu Ya'la, mentioned earlier.

Al Siyasah al Shar'iyyah\, by Shaikh al Islam Ibn Taimiyyah, d. 728 H, printed by Dar al Kitab al 'Arabi.

I. General References in Jurisprudence Al Qawa'id al Nuraniyyah al Fiqhiyyah, by Ibn Taimiyyah.

Majmu Fatawa Shaikh al Islam Ibn Taimiyyah (Ibn Taimiyyah's Collected Religious Opinions), collected by 'Abd al Rahman bin Muhammad bin Qasim al Asimi al Najdi al Hanbali, printed by Matabi' al Riyad.

Zad al Ma'ad fi Hady Khair al 'Ibad (a study of the personal and political conduct of the Messenger (p)) by Ibn al Qayyim, printed by Matba'at al Sunnah al Muhammadiyyah, ed. Muhammad Hamid al Faqi.

Al Turuq al Hukmiyyah, by Ibn al Qayyim, al Madani print.

Al Rawdah al Nadiyyah (explanantion of al Durar al Bahiyyah) by Siddiq Hasan Khan, printed by Idarat al Tiba'ah al Muniriyyah.

Al Durar al Bahiyyah, by al Imam al Shawkani, printed with al Rawdah al Nadiyyah.

Al Din al Khalis, by Shaikh Mahmud Khattab al Subki, d. 1352 H, eight volume, al Istiqamah print, 1370 H.

Fatawa al Imam Muhammad Rashid Rida (Rashid Rida's Religious Opinions) printed by Dar al Kitab al Jadid, Beirut.

Halqat al Dirasat al Ijtima'iyyah li Jami'at al Duwal al 'Arabiyyah, 3rd session, lecture by professor 'Abd al Rahman Hasan, Muhammad Abu Zahrah, and 'Abd al Wahhab Khallaf, on zakah and expenditures on relatives, pages 330 plus.

Al Tibyan fi Zakah al Athman (a study of zakah on money and values) by Shaikh Muhammad Hasanain Makhluf al 'Adawi.

Bahjat al Mushtaq fi Hukm Zakah al Awraq (study of zakah on paper currency) by Ahmad al Husaini.

Al Fiqh 'Ala al Madhahib al Arba'ah (Jurisprudence of the Four Schools) by a committee supervised by the Ministry of Awqaf in Egypt, fifth printing.

Muqaranat al Madhahib fi al Fiqh (Comparative Study of Schools of Jurisprudence) by Mahmud Shaltut and Muhammad 'Ali al Sayes, Sabih print, 1373 H.

Al Islam, 'Aqidah wa Shari'ah, by Mahmud Shaltut, Dar al Qalam print or al Azhar print.

Al Fatawi (Religious Opinions) by Mahmud Shaltut, al Azhar print.

Fatawa Islamiyyah (Islamic Religious Opinions) by Shaikh Husain Muhammad Makhluf, al Halali print.

Ahkam al Mu'amalat al Shar'iyyah (Religious Rulings on Transactions) by Shaikh 'Ali al Khafif.

Al Mu'amalat al Hadithah wa Ahkamuha (Modern Transactions and Their Rulings) by Shaikh 'Abd al Rahman 'Isa, Mukhaimir print.

Ahkam al Dhimmiyyin wa al Musta'minin fi Dar al Islam (Rulings on People of the Pledge and People Protected by the State in the Land of Islam) by Dr. 'Abd al Karim Zaidan.

Fiqh al Sunnah (Jurisprudence of the Sunnah) by Shaikh Sayyid Sabiq, third volume, printed by Dar al Kitab al 'Arabi.

Al Halal wa al Haram fi al Islam (Lawful and Unlawful in Islam) by al Qaradawi, printed by al Maktab al Islami.

IV. References on Usul and General Rules of Fiqh Al Risalah, by al Imam al Shafi'i, ed. Ahmad Shakir, al Halabi print.

Al Ihkam fi Usul al Ahkam, by Ibn Hazm, al Muniriyyah print or al Imam print.

Al Mustasfa min 'Ilm al Usul, by al Imam al Ghazali, Mustafa Muhammad print.

Usul al Sarakhsi, by al Sarakhsi, Hyderabad print.

Rawdat al Nazir wa Jannat al Manazir, by Ibn Qudamah, author of al Mughni.

Al Ihkam fi Usul al Ahkam, by Abu al Hasan Ali bin Abi 'Ali al 'Amidi, d. 631 H, Sabih print.

Takhrij al Furu' 'Ala al Usul (Relations of Rulings to Principles and Rules) by al Imam al Zanjani, d. 656 H. ed. Dr. Muhammad Adib Salih, University of Damascus print.

Al Furuq, by al Imam al Qarafi, d. 684 H, al Halabi print.

Al Ihkam fi Tamyiz al Fatawa min al Ahkam, by al Qarafi, ed. Shaikh 'Abd al Fattah Abu Ghuddah, printed in Aleppo.

Al Qiyas (Analogy) by Shaikh al Islam Ibn Taimiyyah, al Salafiyyah print.

I'lam al Muwaqi'in, by al Shatibi, d. 751 H, al Sa'adah print, ed. Muhammad Muhyi al Din 'Abd al Hamid.

Al Muwafaqat, by Ibn al Qayyim, d. 790, ed. Shaikh 'Abd Allah Draz, printed by Matba'ah al Sharq al Adna fi al Muski, Cairo.

Al I'tisam, by al Shatibi, al Manar print.

Al Ashbah wa al Naza'ir, by Ibn Nujaim, d. 970 H.

V. General Islamic Studies Ihya' 'Ulum al Din, by al Imam al Ghazali, al Halabi print.

Talbis Iblis, by al Imam Abu al Faraj 'Abd al Rahman bin al Jawzi, d. 597 H, al Muniriyyah print.

Al Kaba'ir, by al Hafiz al Dhahabi, al Bayan print, Beirut.

Ighathat al Lahfan, by Ibn al Qayyim, al Halabi print.

Madarij al Salikin, by Ibn al Qayyim, al Sunnah al Muhammadiyyah print.

Bada'i al Fawa'id, by Ibn al Qayyim, al Muniriyyah print.

Al Zawajir, by Ibn Hajar al Haitami al Makki.

Hujjat Allah al Balighah, by the scholar of all India, Ahmad bin 'Abd al Rahim al Dahlawi, known as Shah Waliyyu Allah, d. 1176 H.

Al Taratib al Idariyyah, by 'Abd al Hai al Kattani al Fasi, al Ahliyyah print, Rahat, 1346

H Al Wahi al Muhammadi (The Revelation of Muhammad) by Shaikh Muhammad Rashid Rida, al Manar print.

Al Islam, Din 'Am Khalim (Islam, an Eternnal and Comprehensive Religion) by Muhammad Farid Wajdi.

Al Arkan al Arba'ha (The Four Pillars) by Abu al Hasan al Nadwi, Ma'tuq Ikhwan print, Beirut.

Usul al Iqtisad fi al Islam (Economic Principles in Islam) by Abu al A'la al Maududi, al Hashimiyyah print, Damascus.

Al Islam wa al Hadarah al Gharbiyyah (Islam and Western Civilization) by Muhammad Kurd 'Ali, printed by Lajnat al Ta'lif wa al Tarjamah wa al Nashr, second printing.

Al Islam wa al Awda'al Iqtisadiyyah (Islam and Economic Situations) by Muhammad al Ghazali, fifth print.

Al Islam al Muftara 'Alaih Baina al Shuyui'yyin wa al Ra's Naliyyin (Islam Blasphemed Between Communists and Capitalists, by al Ghazali.

Al Ishtirakiyyah fi al Mujtama' al Islami (Socialism in Islamic Society) by al Bahi al Khawli, printed by Matba'at al Istiqlal al Kubra.

Ishtirakiyyat al Islam (The Socialism of Islam) by Dr. Mustafa al Siba'i, printed by al Dar al Qawmiyyah, Cairo.

Al Iqtisad wa al Siyasah fi Daw' al Islam (Economics and Politics in the Light of Islam)

authored under the supervision of the Islamic Studies Society in the College of Commerce, University of Cairo, 1951.

Tanzim al Islam li al Mujtama' (Islam's Organization of Society) by Muhammad Abu Zahrah.

Haqa'iq al Islam wa Abatil Khusumeh (Truths of Islam and the Falsehoods of its Enemies) by 'Abbas Mahmud al 'Aqqad.

Khutut Ra'isiyyah fi al Iqtisad al Islami (Outlines in Islamic Economics) by Mahmud Abu al Sa'ud.

Da'irat al Ma'arif al Islamiyyah al Awrubbiyyah (Islamic European Encyclopedia)

published in Arabic by Ahmad al Shantatawi, 'Abd al Hamid Yunus, and Ibrahim Khurshid.

Al Da'wah ila al Islam (The Preaching of Islam) by Thomas Arnold, translated by Dr.

Hasan Ibrahim Hasan and a colleague of his, printed by Lajnat al Bayan al 'Arabi.

Sirat al Rasuh (The biography of the Prophet) by Muhammad 'Izzat Darwazah.

Al 'Ibadah fi al Islam (Worship in Islam) by Yusuf al Qaradawi, first printing, al Nasr print.

Al 'Adalah al Ijtima'iyyah fi al Islam (Social Justice in Islam) by the martyr Sayyid Qutb, fifth printing, al Halahi print.

Falsafat al Zakah 'Ind al Muslimin (The Muslim Philosophy of Zakah) by 'Abd al 'Aziz Sayyid al Ahl, printed in Beirut.

Majmu'at al Watha'iq al Siyasiyyah fi 'Ahd al Rasul wa al Khulafa al Rashidin (Collection of Political Documents from the Era of the Prophet and the Wise Successors) by Dr. Muhammad Hamidullah al Hyderabadi, second printing, Dar al Irshad print, Beirut.

VI. Fiscal and Taxation Mabadi' 'Ilm al Maliyyah al 'Ammah (Principles of Public Finance) by Dr. Muhammad Fu'ad Ibrahim, first volume.

'Ilm al Maliyyah (Public Finance) by Dr. Rashid al Daqr, Damascus print.

Mawarid al Dawlah (State Resources) by Dr. Sa'd Maher Hamzah, printed by al Matba'ah al Maliyyah.

Mabadi' al Nazariyyah al 'Ammah li al daribah (Principles of the General Theory of Taxation) by Dr. Husain Khallaf and 'Abd al Karim al Rifa'i.

Mizaniyat al Dawlah (State Budget) by Dr. Muhammad Hilmi Murad.

Tashri' al Dara'ib (Taxation Legislation) by Murad, first volume, Nahdat Misr Print, 1955.

Al Nuzum al Naqdiyyah wa la Masrafiyyah (Monetary and Banking System) by Dr.

'Abd al 'Aziz Mur'i.

Al Iqtisad al Siyasi (Political Economics) by Dr. 'Ali 'Abd al Wahid Wafi, al Halabi print, fifth edition.

Al Iqtisad al Siysal (Political Economics) by Dr. Rif'at al Mahjub.

VIII. Social Studies Al Daman al Ijtima'i (Social Insurance) by Dr. Sadiq Mahdi al Sa'id.

Halqat al Dirasat al Ijtima'iyyah, mentioned earlier.

'Ilm al Ijtima' (Sociology) by Dr. Ahmad al Khashshab.

VIII. Biography of the Prophet, History, and Other Biographies Sirat Ibn Hisham (Ibn Hisham's Biography of the Prophet) by Ibn Hisham, ed.

Muhammad Muhyi al Din 'Abd al Hamid.

Sirat 'Umar bin 'Abd al 'Aziz (Biography of 'Umar bin 'Abd al 'Aziz), by Ibn 'Abd al Hakam, Dar al Fikr print, Damascus.

Tarikh al Umam wa al Muluk (History of Nations and Dynasties) by al Imam Abu Ja'far al Tabari, al Husainiyyah print.

Wafiyyat al A'yan (Death of Renowned Persons) by Ibn Khillakan d. 631 H.

Al Bidayah wa al Nihayah (The Beginning and the End--history) by the historian al Hafiz Abu al Fida' Isma'il bin Kathir, al Sa'adah print.

Al Jawahir al Mudiyyah fi Tabaqat al Hanafiyyah (biographies of Hanafites) by Muhyi al Din al Qurashi, d. 775, Hyderabad print.

Tabaqat al Hanabilah (biographies of Hanbalites) by Ibn Abi Ya'la, d. 527 H.

Tabaqat al Shafi'iyyah (biographies of Shafi'ites) by Taj al Din al Subki, d. 771 H.

Al Dibaj al Mudhahhab fi Ma'rifat A'yan al Madhhab (biographies of certain schools)

by Ibn Firhawn, d. 799 H.

Al Fawa'id al Bahiyyah fi Tabaqat al Hanafiyyah (biographies of Hanafites) by Abu al Hasanat 'Abd al Hai al Laknawi, d. 1304 H.

Nuzhat al Khawatir, by 'Abd al Nai bin Fakhr al Din al Hasani al Laknawi, director of Nadwat al 'Ulama', Laknow, India, d. 1341 H, the father of Abu al Hasan al Nadwi.

Al A'lam (The Renowned) by Khair al Din al Zerkeli.

Al Kharaj fi al Dawlah al Islamiyyah (Taxes in the Islamic State) by Muhammad Diya' al Din al Rayyis, Nahdat Misr print.

Al Nuqud al 'Arabiyyah wa 'Ilm al Numiyyat (Arabian Currencies) by Father Anstas al Karmali.

Al Nuqud al 'Arabiyyah, Madiha wa Hadiruha (Arabian Currencies, Past and Present)

by Dr. 'Abd al Rahman Fahmy.

Sanj al Sikkah fi Fajr al Islam (Minting of Currencies in the Dawn of Islam) by Dr. 'Abd al Rahman Fahmy.

IX. Language and Encyclopedia Gharib al Hadith (Difficult Words in Hadith) by Abu al Qasim bin Sallam, d. 225 H, Hyderabad print.

Al Nihayah fi Gharib al Hadith wa al 'Athar (The Final Study of Difficult Words in Saying and Traditions) by Abu al Sa'adat Majd al Din al Mubarak bin Muhammad, known as Ibn al Athir, d. 606 H, al Khairiyyah print.

Lisan al Arab (The Arabic Tongue) by Jamal al Din Abu al Fadl Muhammad bin Mukarram bin Manzur al Ansari al Afriqi al Misri, d. 711 H, Beirut printing, 1956

AD.

Al Misbah al Munir (Arabic dictionary) by Ahmad bin Muhammad bin 'Ali al Muqri al Fayumi, d. 770 H, al 'Amiriyyah print, Egypt, 1912 AD.

Al Qamus al Muhit (dictionary) by Majd al Din al Fairuzabadi, d. 817.

Taj al 'Arus fi Sharh al Qamus (commentaries and notes on al Qamus) by Muhammad Murtada al Zabidi, d. 1205 H.

Al Mu'jam al Wasit (Medium-size Dictionary) collected by the Arabic Language Congress in Cairo.

X. Miscellaneous References The Bible, Old and New Testaments.

Al Muhadarat al 'Ammah li Idarat al Thaqafah al Islamiyyah bi al Azhar (Public Lectures of the Directorate of Islamic Culture in al Azhar) first, second, and third sessions, al Azhar print.

Al Mu'tamar al Awwal li Majma' al Buhuth al Islamiyyah (The First Conference of the Congress of Islamic Research) in Cairo, by a group of researchers, al Azhar print.

Majallat al Azhar (Al Azhar Review).

Majallat Hadarat al Islam (Islamic Culture Review), Damascus.

Majallat al Muslimun (The Muslims Review), Cairo.