In the Shade of the Qur'an by Sayyid Qutb

This sūrah, The Believers, or al-Mu’minūn, is defined by its name which makes its subject matter very clear. It begins with an outline of the believers’ qualities, and presents an exposition on the indicators of faith in both the human soul and the universe at large. It then moves on to present the essence of faith as expostulated by God’s messengers since the time of Noah up to Muhammad, the last of all prophets and messengers, (peace be upon them all). It also discusses the fallacies of those who deny faith, their objections and determined opposition that compel God’s messengers to appeal to Him for help. At this point, God punishes the rejecters and saves the believers. The sūrah then refers to the fact that, after God’s messengers have passed away, people fall into contention about this truth that admits no variation.

This provides an opportunity to discuss and denounce the unjustified attitude the Arab idolaters took to God’s last messenger, Muhammad (peace be upon him). The sūrah closes with a scene of the Day of Judgement in which we see the fate suffered by those who reject the truth of faith. They are strongly reproached for their attitude.

This scene concludes with a statement re-emphasizing the truth of God’s absolute oneness and a prayer for His mercy and forgiveness.

As such, the sūrah is what its titles say, The Believers, or the sūrah of faith with all its issues, aspects and nature. Faith then provides its central theme.

The sūrah may be divided into four parts. The first begins with a statement that success is assured for the believers: “Truly, successful shall be the believers.” (Verse 1) It provides a detailed account, of the qualities of those believers who are certain to be successful. Referring to signs that encourage and endorse faith, which are found both in human beings and in the universe at large, this part mentions the different stages of human life from its early beginnings to its final end. It elaborates much when it mentions the different stages an embryo goes through while providing only a brief outline of other stages. It then follows human life up to the Day of Resurrection before moving on to signs of faith in the wide universe, referring to the creation of the heavens, rain falling from the sky, bringing forth vegetation, plants and fruits. It also mentions animals that are placed at the disposal of human beings, ships traversing the seas and man’s ability to use such ships and animals for transport.

The second part takes us from the indicators pointing out the reality of faith to a discussion of the truth of faith as advocated by all God’s messengers, without exception: “My people, worship God alone: for you have no deity other than Him.” (Verse 23) This is a statement made by Noah, and by every messenger that followed him, up to Muhammad, God’s final Messenger. The unbelievers always made the same objections: “This man is but a mortal like yourselves,” and “had God willed, He would have surely sent down angels.” (Verse 24) Another objection refers to the promise made by God’s messengers: “Does he promise you that, after you have died and become dust and bones, you shall be brought forth to life?” (Verse 35) The result was always that messengers appealed to God for support. He answered their appeals and destroyed the unbelievers. This part concludes with an address to all messengers: “Eat of that which is wholesome, and do good deeds: I certainly have full knowledge of all that you do.

This community of yours is one single community, and I am your only Lord. Therefore, fear Me alone.” (Verses 51-52)

The third part speaks about the fact that after God’s messengers had gone, people were divided and fell into contention over this essential truth: “People have divided themselves into factions, each delighting in what they have.” (Verse 53) It further speaks about people being oblivious of the fact that God tests them with the blessings He bestows on them. They are deluded by the riches they enjoy. The believers, on the other hand, remain God-fearing, worship Him alone and associate no partners with Him. At the same time they remain fully alert, with awe in their hearts: “Their hearts lard filled with awe, knowing that to their Lord they shall certainly return.” (Verse 60) At this point, an image is portrayed showing those who were oblivious of the truth of faith being overwhelmed by God’s punishment. They cry out for help, but they are strongly reproached: “Time and again were My revelations recited to you, but every time you would turn about on your heels, revelling in your arrogance, and talking senselessly far into the night.” (Verses 66-67) The sūrah denounces their attitude towards God’s Messenger whom they knew well to be honest and truthful. Now that he has come to them with the message of the truth, asking for no wages, how can they reject him and the truth he advocates? Although they acknowledge that to God belongs all that is in the heavens and the earth, which are all under His control as He is their only Lord, they reject the very concept of resurrection. They go further in their falsehood, claiming that God has a son and associating partners with Him. “Sublimely exalted is He above anything they associate as partner with Him.” (Verse 92)

The final part turns away from them and their claims in order to address the Prophet, telling him to repel evil with what is better, and to seek refuge with God from the evil of satans. He must not be angered or grieved by what they say. In addition, we have here a scene of the Day of Judgement describing the punishment, suffering and humiliation that await them there. The sūrah concludes by stating that God always remains exalted above all that they say about Him: “Sublimely exalted is God, the Ultimate Sovereign, the Ultimate Truth. There is no deity other than Him, the Lord of the Glorious Throne.” (Verse 116) It also asserts that the unbelievers will never be successful, whereas the believers’ success is confirmed at the beginning of the sūrah:

“He that invokes besides God any other deity – a deity for whose existence he has no evidence – shall be brought to account before his Lord. Most certainly, the unbelievers shall never be successful.” (Verse 117) Again, an instruction is given to seek God’s mercy and forgiveness: “Say: My Lord! Forgive and have mercy. You are the best of those who show mercy.” (Verse 118)

The sūrah spreads an air of explanation and factual statement, mixed with calm argument, pure logic and inspiration. Its subject matter is faith, and faith gives it its special ambience. At the beginning we see the believers “who humble themselves in their prayer,” and in the middle they are described in the following terms: “They give away whatever they have to give with their hearts filled with awe, knowing that to their Lord they shall certainly return.” (Verse 60) For an example of the inspiration of the sūrah we may take: “It is He who has endowed you with hearing, and sight, and minds: how seldom are you grateful.” (Verse 78). Indeed the entire sūrah reflects a gentle air of faith.