The Life Of Ibn Hanbal by Ibn Al-Jawzi

[Muḥammad ibn Mihrān al-Jammāl:] Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal appeared to me in a dream wearing a striped mantle, or one with lozenges. He seemed to be in Rey, trying to get to Friday prayer. I asked a dream interpreter what it meant. He said Aḥmad would become renowned for some great deed. It wasn’t long after that we heard about what he had done during the Inquisition. 92.1

ʿAbd al-Raḥmān added: I heard my father say, “Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal appeared to me in a dream. He looked larger than life and had very beautiful features. I began asking him about Hadith and comparing reports.” 92.2

[Ibn Khurrazādh:] A neighbor of ours had a dream where an angel came down from the heavens carrying seven crowns. The first person on earth to receive one was Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. 92.3

[Zakariyyā ibn Yaḥyā l-Simsār:] Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal—God have mercy on him— appeared to me in a dream with a jeweled crown on his head and sandals on his feet, strutting around. I asked him how God had judged him. 92.4

“He forgave me,” he said, “brought me near Him, and placed this crown on my head with His own hands, saying that He was rewarding me for saying that the Qurʾan was His uncreated speech.” I remarked that I had never seen him strut on earth.

“This is how servants walk in Paradise,” he said.

[Al-Marrūdhi:] I dreamed I saw Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal in a garden. He was dressed in green with a crown of light on his head and walking in a way I had never seen him walking before. 92.7

“Aḥmad,” I said, “what’s this new stride of yours?” “This is how servants walk in Paradise,” he said.

“What’s the crown I see on your head?” “My Lord, mighty and glorious, stood me before Him, judged me lightly, dressed me in these clothes, honored me, drew me near, let me gaze upon Him, and crowned me with this crown, saying, ‘Aḥmad, this is the crown of glory that you earned by saying that the Qurʾan is My uncreated speech.’” [Ibn Khuzaymah:] When Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal died I was grief-stricken. That night he appeared to me in a dream. He was swaggering as he walked. I asked him why he was walking that way and he said, “This is how servants walk in Paradise.” 92.9

“And how did you fare?” “God forgave me, crowned me, and gave me sandals of gold, saying, ‘Aḥmad, this is your reward for saying that the Qurʾan is My speech.’ “Then He said, ‘Aḥmad, call upon Me with those prayers you learned from Sufyān al-Thawrī and488 used to recite on earth.’ “So I said, ‘Lord of all things! By your power over all things, hold me accountable for nothing, and forgive me for everything.’ “‘Aḥmad, this is the Garden. Rise, and enter.’ “I went into the Garden, and there was Sufyān al-Thawrī. He had wings and he was flying from one palm tree to another, saying, «Praise be to God who has fulfilled His promise to us and made us the inheritors of this land, letting us settle in the Garden wherever we want. How excellent is the reward of those who labor!»”489

I490 asked him how ʿAbd al-Wahhāb al-Warrāq had fared.

“I left him swimming in a sea of light, in pure water made of light, visiting his Lord.” “What about Bishr?” “Fortunate Bishr!” said Sufyān. “Who could match him? I left him in the presence of the Glorious One, sitting at a laden table, with the Glorious One addressing him directly, saying ‘Eat, you who never ate; drink, you who never drank; revel, you who never did,’ or words to that effect.” [Ibn Khuzaymah:] When Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal died I was grief-stricken. That night he appeared to me in a dream. He was swaggering as he walked. I asked him why he was walking that way and he said, “This is how servants walk in Paradise.” 92.10

“And how did you fare?” “God forgave me, crowned me, and gave me sandals of gold, saying, ‘Aḥmad, this is your reward for saying that the Qurʾan is My speech.’ Then He asked, ‘Aḥmad, why did you write down reports via Jarīr ibn ʿUthmān?’ I said he was trustworthy. ‘True,’ said God, ‘but he hated ʿAlī, God curse him!’491

“Then He said, ‘Aḥmad, pray to me using those prayers you learned from Sufyān al-Thawrī and used to recite on earth.’ “So I said, ‘Lord of all things!’ “‘Go on.’ “‘By Your power over all things.’ “‘Go on.’ “‘Hold me accountable for nothing, and forgive me for everything.’ “‘Aḥmad, this is the Garden. Rise, and enter.’ “I went into the Garden, and there was Sufyān al-Thawrī. He had wings and he was flying from one palm tree to another, saying, «Praise be to God who has fulfilled His promise to us and made us the inheritors of this land, letting us settle in the Garden wherever we want. How excellent is the reward of those who labor!»”492

I asked him how ʿAbd al-Wahhāb al-Warrāq had fared.

“I left him swimming in a sea of light, in pure water made of light, visiting his merciful King and Lord.” “What about Bishr?” I asked, meaning Bishr the Barefoot.

“Fortunate Bishr!’ he replied. “Who could match him? I left him in the presence of the Glorious One, sitting at a laden table, with the Glorious One addressing him directly, saying ‘Eat, you who never ate; drink, you who never drank; revel, you who never did.’” Then I woke up and gave away ten thousand dirhams—or some such amount—in charity.

[Al-Anṣārī:] A man from Bākharz, which is in the region of Nishapur, told me, “I dreamed that it was Resurrection Day. I saw a man on a splendid horse and heard a crier calling out: ‘Let no one precede him this day!’ 92.13

“I asked who the rider was and they told me it was Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal.” [ʿAbd Allāh:] I dreamed I saw my father. I asked him how God had judged him. 92.14

“He stood me before Him and said, ‘Aḥmad, for My sake were you tried and flogged. Here: behold My countenance, which I grant you leave to see.’” [ʿAlī ibn al-Muwaffaq:] I dreamed I entered the Garden and there saw three men.

The first was sitting at a table where God had assigned one angel to serve him food and another to pour him drink. The second was standing at the gate of the Garden with some other people, looking into their faces and letting them inside. And the third was standing in the middle of the Garden gazing at the Throne and looking at the Lord. 92.17

I went to Riḍwān and asked, “Who are those three?” “The first one,” he said, “is Bishr the Barefoot, who came here parched and starving. The one standing in the middle of the Garden is Maʿrūf al-Karkhī, who worshipped God because he desired to see Him, and now he can. And the one standing at the gate is Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. God has commanded him to look into the faces of the Sunnis, take them by the hand, and bring them inside.” [Al-Ramlī:] I traveled to Iraq and copied what the Iraqis and the Hijazis had written, but found their views so different that I couldn’t choose which school to follow. Late one night, I got up, performed my ablutions, prayed two cycles, and asked God to guide me as He wished. Then I went to bed and dreamed of the Prophet. I saw him march through the Gate of the Banū Shaybah and sit down with his back resting on the Kaʿbah. He was smiling at al-Shāfiʿī and Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, who were on his right. Off to the other side was al-Marīsī. 92.18

I said, “Emissary of God! They’re so divergent I don’t know which to follow.” Pointing to al-Shāfiʿī and Aḥmad, he recited «Those are the ones to whom We gave the Scripture, wisdom, and prophethood.»493 Then, gesturing at al-Marīsī, he recited «If these people reject it, We shall entrust it to a people who will never refuse to acknowledge it. Those were the people whom God guided, so follow their guidance.»494

[Yaḥyā l-Jallāʾ or ʿAlī ibn al-Muwaffaq:] At one point during the Inquisition, I debated a group of Stoppers, who trounced me. I went home heartsick. My wife put out some dinner, but I told her I wasn’t eating, and she took it away. Then I went to bed and dreamed I saw the Prophet coming into the mosque. There were two circles there: in one, Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal and his associates had gathered, and in the other Ibn Abī Duʾād and his cronies. Standing between the two, the Prophet gestured toward Ibn Abī Duʿād and his circle and recited «If these people reject it …» and then, pointing to the circle of Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, recited «… We shall entrust it to a people who will never refuse to acknowledge it.»495 92.19

[Isḥāq ibn Ḥakīm:] Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal appeared to me in a dream. Written on his back, in light instead of ink, were the words «God will surely suffice to defend you against them, for He is All Hearing, All Knowing.»496 92.21

[Al-Anṭākī:] We had a visit from an Iraqi who was reputed to be one of the most learned in that region. One day he asked me to direct him to a good interpreter who could explain a dream he had had. 92.22

“I saw the Prophet,” he explained, “standing on a plain with some other people. I asked one of them who he was and he said, ‘That’s Muḥammad.’ “‘What’s he doing here?’ “‘Waiting for his community to arrive.’ “In the dream I thought to myself, ‘I’ll stay here and see what happens.’ “After the people had gathered around, I noticed that one of them was carrying a spear, as if intending to dispatch an expedition. The Prophet looked out and saw a spear taller than any of the others and asked whose it was.497

“‘It belongs to Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal.’ “‘Bring him to me!’ “Aḥmad came forward, spear in hand. The Prophet took the spear, brandished it, and gave it back, saying, ‘Go forth and lead these people!’ Then he called out to the people, ‘This is your leader. Follow him, heed him, and obey him!’” “Your dream,” I said to the man, “needs no explanation.” [Al-Sijistānī:] I dreamed it was Resurrection Day. The people were lined up at a bridge that no one could cross unless he had a stamp. Off to one side was a man making stamps with his seal-ring and handing them out. Whoever got one could cross the bridge. I asked who was making the stamps and they told me it was Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. 92.23

[Ibn Yūnus:] After Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal died, I dreamed I was in the Garden. A voice said, “You’re in the Garden of Eden.” Then I saw three horsemen in front of me, with a fourth horsemen riding ahead with a banner. I asked who they were. 92.24

“The one on the right is Gabriel and the one on the left is Michael. The one in the middle is Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. The one with the banner is Isrāfīl. God has given him that banner and ordered him to admit to Eden only those who love Ibn Ḥanbal.”498

[Al-Maqdisī:] In a dream I saw the Prophet lying asleep under a garment with Aḥmad and Yaḥyā499 whisking the flies away from him. 92.25

[Sahl ibn Abī Ḥalīmah:] We were camped out at Ismāʿīl ibn ʿUlayyah’s gate when Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal appeared to me in a dream, dragging his robe. I took the robe to mean knowledge. 92.26

[Al-Shaybānī:] In Ascalon I dreamed I was in Tarsus. I went into the Friday mosque. I looked to the right of the niche and saw the Prophet sitting there with Abū Bakr on his right, ʿUmar on his left, and Bilāl in front, all in green, with beautiful cloths covering their heads. 92.27

“Peace be upon you, Emissary of God!” I said.

“And upon you be peace, my son.” “Emissary of God, in the Hadith of Abū l-Zubayr citing ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr, you said ‘My community will be pelted and disfigured.’”500

“Yes. That refers to the proponents of free will.” “Emissary of God, to whom can we entrust this religion?” “To this man here,” he replied.

I looked to the right of Abū Bakr and saw a man lying on his back covered in a white garment. I lifted it away from his face and saw a well-built man with a wide beard and rosy cheeks. Not recognizing him, I asked, “Emissary of God, who is he?” “Don’t you recognize him?” “No.” “That’s Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal.” [Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq:] I dreamed that Resurrection Day had come. I saw the Lord of Glory and I could hear Him speak and see His light. He asked me, “What do you believe about the Qurʾan?” 92.28

“It is Your speech, o Lord of the Universe.” “Who told you so?” “Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal.” God praised Himself and summoned Aḥmad.

“What do you believe about the Qurʾan?” “It is Your speech, o Lord of the Universe.” “How do you know?” Aḥmad turned over two sheets of paper. On one it said “Shuʿbah citing al- Mughīrah,” and on the other “ʿAṭāʾ citing Ibn ʿAbbās.” God then summoned Shuʿbah and asked, “What do you believe about the Qurʾan?” “It is Your speech, o Lord of the Universe.” “How do you know?” “We cite ʿAṭāʾ citing Ibn ʿAbbās.” ʿAṭāʾ was not summoned but Ibn ʿAbbās was.

“What do you believe about the Qurʾan?” “It is Your speech, o Lord of the Universe.” “How do you know?” “We cite Muḥammad, the Emissary of God.” So the Prophet was summoned.

“What do you believe about the Qurʾan?” “It is Your speech, o Lord of the Universe.” “Who told you?” “Gabriel, on Your authority.” “You have spoken the truth,” said God, “and so have all of them.” [Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Zubayrī:] A man from Basra named Abū Muḥammad al- Qurashī, who was a man of learning, untarnished reputation, and rectitude, came to me and said, “I had a dream you’ll enjoy hearing about; let me tell you. I saw the Prophet.

With him were Abū Bakr, ʿUmar, ʿUthmān, and ʿAlī. Then four more people came up to him and he invited them to come closer. I was surprised, and so I asked someone who was there who they were. 92.29

“‘Mālik, Aḥmad, Isḥāq,501 and al-Shāfiʿī.’ “Then I saw the Prophet take Mālik’s hand and seat him next to Abū Bakr, take Aḥmad’s hand and seat him next to ʿUmar, take Isḥāq’s hand and seat him next to ʿUthmān, and take al-Shāfiʿī’s hand and seat him next to ʿAlī.” I asked a dream interpreter about this and he told me: “Mālik has the same standing among men of learning that Abū Bakr does among the Companions: no one disputes his rank.

“Aḥmad has the same standing as ʿUmar: he’s famous for being tough and unflinching and brooking no opposition when doing God’s work. That’s because Aḥmad never wavered from the truth about the Qurʾan and never succumbed to the Inquisition despite the brutality he had to endure.

“Isḥāq is like ʿUthmān: the Postponers caused him so much suffering that he had to leave his home town.

“And al-Shāfiʿī is like ʿAlī. Of them all, ʿAlī was the best judge; and al-Shāfiʿī was the most learned in the derivation of law and the judging of legal matters.” [Ṣadaqah:] I had always resented Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. Then I had a dream where I saw the Prophet walking down a road holding his hand in perfect amity. I tried to catch up to them but couldn’t. When I woke up the resentment was gone. Then I dreamed I was among crowds of people at pilgrimage time. Prayer was announced and everyone lined up. “Let Aḥmad lead the prayer!” said a voice. Then Aḥmad appeared and led the prayer. After that, whenever I was asked about anything, I would say, “Ask my exemplar Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal.” 92.30

[Muḥammad ibn ʿUbayd:] Ṣadaqah said, “I dreamed we were at ʿArafah.

Everyone was waiting for the ritual prayer to start. I asked what they were waiting for and someone said, ‘They’re waiting for the prayer leader.’ Then Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal arrived and led the prayer.” 92.31

This Ṣadaqah was inclined to the opinion of the Kufans,502 but after the dream, whenever he was asked a question, he would say, “Ask the exemplar.” [Al-Daʿʿāʾ:] Ibn Ḥanbal died on a Friday. That night, I asked God to show him to me in a dream. Then I slept and dreamed of seeing him perched on a steed of light that hung between the heavens and the earth. He was holding it by a halter that was also made of light. I reached for the halter but he pulled it away, saying, “Hearing is one thing but seeing is another.” He said it twice. Then I woke up. 92.32

[ʿAbd Allāh:] I was on my way to Samarra and stayed at the inn where my father had stayed on his way to Samarra. I spent some time looking for traces of his presence.

That night, he came to me in a dream. I told him that I was going to Samarra to accomplish something and asked if I would succeed. When he said nothing, I asked again, and he said “No.” I ended up spending two months in Samarra but came home empty-handed. 92.33

A year later, I went again, and stayed at the same inn. Again I saw my father in a dream, and I asked him the same question. After a moment he said, “Yes,” or made a gesture that meant yes. This time I got what I wanted.

[Al-Ṭabarī:] I dreamed of seeing Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal and telling him, “Have you seen how no one agrees with anyone any more?” 92.34

“So long as God is on your side,” he said, “nothing can harm you.” [Al-ʿUkbarī:] Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal appeared to me in a dream with people around him as if it were a study circle. 92.35

“I just had a cupping,” I told him. “What should I eat?” “Pomegranates,” he said.

[Al-Ḥarbī:] Aḥmad appeared to me in a dream standing there wearing a lined outer garment but nothing on his head. 92.36

“I hear you’ve edited a work on the virtues of the Prophet,” he said.

“I have.” “Well done!” he said.

“How could I do otherwise? If not for him we’d be Magians. After all, we were born among non-Arabs, not Arabs.” “Magians!” he cried. “Magians! Magians!” Then he fell against the wall in a faint.

[The author:] I have encountered this story in another source, though it may actually be a different story, meaning that there were two different dreams.

[Al-Ḥarbī:] I saw Aḥmad in a dream and he asked me what I was writing. 92.37

“Proofs of Prophethood,” I told him.

“If not for that Prophet,” he said, “we’d be Magians.” [Lūlū:] Aḥmad appeared to me in a dream and I asked him, “Aren’t you dead?” 92.38

“I am.” “How did God deal with you?” “He’s forgiven me and everyone who prayed over me.” “But some of them were innovators!” “They were left till the end.” [Bundār:] Aḥmad appeared to me in a dream looking angry. I asked him why. 92.39

“How could I not be angry,” he replied, “when Munkar and Nakīr came and asked me to name my Lord. ‘Do you know who you’re talking to?’ I asked them.

“‘We know,’ they said. ‘But it’s our duty to ask, so forgive us!’” [Al-Ṭalmakhūrī:] Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal appeared to me in a dream. 92.41

“May I tell you something useful?” he asked.

“Yes!” He said: “From the niche to the grave.”503

[Al-Zāghūnī:] I dreamed of going to Aḥmad’s tomb and seeing him sitting there on top of it. He looked like a very old man. 92.42

“Our friends are dead,” he said, “and our allies few.” Then he said, “Whenever you need help, say, ‘Great One! Great One, greater than all who think themselves great!’ Do that, and your prayers will be answered.” [Abū Bakr:] One year, a few days before Ramadan, we had heavy rains. Later, during Ramadan, I went to sleep one night and dreamed I had gone as usual to visit Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal’s tomb. But it had sunk so deep into the ground that only a sāq504

or two was left above ground. 92.43

“It must be the rain that did this,” I thought.

“No,” said Aḥmad from inside the tomb. “It was the terrifying presence of the One True God, mighty and glorious, who came to visit me. I asked Him why He came every year, and He said, ‘Because you stood up for My speech, which is read aloud from every niche.’” I bent toward his grave-shaft to kiss it, then asked him, “Why is yours the only grave that one can kiss?” “Son,” he said, “it’s not out of respect for me, but for the Emissary of God. I have some of his hairs with me. Why don’t those who care for me come visit me in Ramadan?” He asked the question twice.