The Preservation of Hadith by Ibrahim Madani

Hafiz Abñ Zur‘a was a famous imam and a distinguished scholar in the science of the biographies of narrators [asma’ al-rijjal]. Ibn Abõ ûótim has narrated this story about him:

Once Ibn Wara, whose name was Muúammud ibn Muslim, and Fadl ibn ‘Abbas, whose nickname was Fadluk al-Saigh, came to Hafiz Abñ Zur‘a. Both of them began to argue about some Shari‘a ruling. Ibn Wara quoted a Hadīth to support his position, but Fadluk rejected the Hadīth and insisted that it was not the correct wording of the Hadīth. Ibn Wara asked, “Then what are the proper words of this Hadīth?”.

Fadluk quoted the Hadīth in the way he thought was correct. As the debate continued, Abñ Zur‘a quietly listened. Ibn Wara then turned to Abñ Zur‘a and asked, “What are the actual words of the Hadīth?”.

Abñ Zur‘a avoided answering, but when Ibn Wara insisted Abñ Zur‘a said, “Go call my nephew, Abñ al-Qósim.”.

When Abñ al-Qósim arrived, ûófiþ Abñ Zur‘a said to him, “Go to the library, leave the first, second and third shelf. In the shelf after, you will find a volume of books. Do not pick any other except the seventeenth volume and bring it to me.”.

Abñ al-Qósim went and returned with the book. ûófiþ Abñ Zur‘a flipped through the pages until he reached the page on which the úadīth was written. He handed the open book over to Ibn Wara. Ibn Wóra read through the úadīth and then acknowledged his mistake.

After this incident, we should contemplate the claim of Abñ Zur‘a, which has been narrated by Ibn ûajar with reference from Abñ Ja‘far Tastarõ in his book al-Tahþõb. Abñ Zur‘a claimed, “Fifty years have passed since I have written aúódõth, and all the books are in my house. From the time I wrote them, I have never read those aúódõth, but I know which Hadīth is in what book, on what page and on what line.”11

Similarly, Imam Sha‘ba says, “I have never put pen to paper [i.e. never wrote Ahadith] and never did I have to request a narrator to repeat a Hadith because I have forgotten it.”12

There are numerous incidents of this kind, so many in fact that it would take perhaps another book to attempt to narrate them all. These few incidents which have been mentioned; however, should suffice to gauge the extraordinary memories of these scholars.

ûóshid ibn Ismó’õl was a classmate of Imam Bukhórõ. He himself was an eyewitness to the following incident. He narrates:

Imam Bukhari was still a young boy when he came to our class to learn aúódõth with us. Generally, students noted down the aúódõth of the teacher as he narrated them. However, we would notice Imam Bukhórõ sitting quietly, listening to the teacher without writing anything down. For some days we observed this with silence, but when he continued to behave in this manner, we started to chide him for wasting time in the class and not writing anything down. Imam Bukhórõ ignored these objections and did not rebut them.

One day, people lectured him too much, and he became angry. He said, “What are you trying to say? Go bring your notes, sit here around me and I will, by memory, say everything you have written.”.

ûóshid finally admits, “He recited over fifteen thousand aúódõth from memory.”