Understanding Usul Al-Fiqh by Abu Tariq Hilal - Abu Ismael al-Beirawi

The Sahabah (ra) were the group who had the best access to the revelation and were most mindful of holding fast to the revelation in their actions. Their Ijma‟ is a proof for the following two reasons: First, Allah (swt) in the following Ayah praises them as a community, not just as individuals.

“The Vanguard (of Islam) - the first of those who forsook (their homes) and those who gave them aFid (the Muhajireen and the Ansar) and also those who follow them in good deeds, Allah is well pleased with them and they with Allah. And Allah has made ready with them gardens underneath which rivers flow and that will be their abode forever eternally, this their supreme triumph.” (TMQ At-Taubah: 100)

This compliment is given to the Sahabah (Muhajireen & Ansar) for the sole reason of having been the Sahabah (ra). However, the compliment for others is due to the fact that they followed the footsteps of the Sahabah (ra). This means that the original compliment is for the Sahabah (ra). The followers are not complemented but for following the Sahabah (ra).

Therefore, it can be concluded that the meaning of the Ayah is confined to the Sahabah (ra) only. Any group of people whom Allah (swt) compliments in such a manner, the truthfulness of what they agree on is affirmed.

Second, doubt in their trustworthiness leads to doubt in Islam. The Sahabah (ra) were the generation that transmitted the Qur‟an and narrated the Hadith. Our entire Deen has been conveyed to us through the vehicle of this group. This group was the means by which Allah (swt) chose the Qur‟an to be compiled and preserved. Allah (swt) has promised to preserve this scripture through them. Allah (swt) says:

“Falsehood cannot come at it (Qur‟an) from before it or from behind it. It is a revelation from the Wise, the Owner of Praise” (TMQ Fussilat: 42)

The important point to remember is that Ijma‟ as-Sahabah is not the personal opinions of the Sahabah (ra) on any technical issue. Rather, it is their agreement on specific things with regard to its rule in Islam, i.e. an agreement on a Shar‟i opinion.

The Sahabah (ra) would not agree that a certain thing is Islamically permitted or forbidden without knowing whether that action was approved or disapproved by the Prophet (saw). However, the Hadith in this regard is not narrated to us, instead its rule is conveyed by the total agreement of the Sahabah (ra). The Ulema are in agreement that Ijma‟ as-Sahabah is a binding proof.

As with Hadith, Ijma as-Sahabah can be Qata‟i or Dhanni in transmission and meaning. Its reports are mentioned in the books of Hadith and Tareekh (history) which are compiled by Isnad (chains of narration). A chain of narration relating to the agreement of the Sahabah maybe mentioned in a book of Hadith like Sahih al-Bukhari, a book of history like the Tareekh of Al-Tabari or a book of Fiqh like Kitab al-Umm of Shafi‟i. As with Ahadith, Mujtahideen look at the strength of the narration to determine its authenticity.