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The Economic System of Islam2 min readViewed 2 times

2.1 The Basis of the Economic System


The benefit in a thing represents the suitability of that thing to satisfy a need of man. Benefit comprises two elements. One is the extent of desire for that particular thing felt by a human. The second is the merits existent in the thing and its suitability to satisfy human needs, as opposed to the need of a particular person. This benefit results from either human effort, the commodity, or from both of them. The form of human effort includes the intellectual and the physical effort which He expends to initiate a property (Maal) or a benefit from a property. The term commodity includes everything possessed for utilisation through buying, leasing or borrowing, whether by consumption, such as an apple or by usage such as a car; or through utilising it like borrowing machinery or leasing a house. Property (Maal) includes money such as gold and silver, commodities such as clothes and foodstuffs, and immovable properties such as houses and factories and all other things which are possessed. Since property itself satisfies human needs, and human effort is a means to obtain the property or its benefit, then the property is the basis of the benefit, whilst man’s effort is only a means that enables Him to obtain the property. Hence, man by his nature strives to obtain such wealth for possession. Therefore man’s effort and property are the tools which are used to satisfy his needs, they are the property which man strives to possess. Therefore wealth is the property (Maal) and the effort together.

The individuals’ acquisition of wealth occurs either from other individuals, such as the possession of property in the form of a gift, or directly, such as the possession of raw materials. Acquisition of a commodity is for either:

1. consumption, like possessing an apple,

2. utilisation, like owning a house,

3. possession of the benefit of the property, like leasing a house,

4. or possession of the benefit resultant from human effort, like an architect’s blueprints.

Possession of wealth in all of its forms, is either through compensation such as selling and leasing property, and wages of the employee; or it is not compensation such as donations, grants, presents, inheritance or loans. However, the economic problem lies in the possession of wealth and not in the creation of wealth. The economic problem results from the viewpoint towards ownership, from the ill disposition of this ownership, and from the maldistribution of the wealth amongst people. The problem doesn’t stem from any other matter, and therefore addressing this aspect is the basis of the economic system. The basis upon which the economic system is built constitutes three principles:

1. Ownership,

2. Disposal of the ownership, and 3. The distribution of wealth amongst the people.

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Chapters (110)
  1. 11 Introduction to the Economic system
  2. 21.1 The Capitalist Economic System
  3. 31.2 The Economic System versus Economic Science
  4. 41.3 The Socialist Economic System
  5. 52 Economy
  6. 62.1 The Basis of the Economic System
  7. 72.2 The View of Islam towards the Economy
  8. 82.3 Economic Policy in Islam
  9. 92.4 The General Economic Principles
  10. 103 Types of Ownership
  11. 113.1 Private Ownership
  12. 123.2 Definition of Private Ownership
  13. 133.3 The Meaning of Ownership
  14. 143.4 The Means of Owning Property
  15. 154 The First Means of Ownership - Work
  16. 164.1 Cultivation of Barren Land
  17. 174.2 Extracting that which exists inside the earth
  18. 184.3 Hunting
  19. 194.5 Mudharaba
  20. 204.6 Share Cropping - Musaqat
  21. 214.7 Hiring-Employing an Employee
  22. 225 The Work Of The Employee Worker
  23. 235.1 Definition of the Work
  24. 245.2 The Type of Work
  25. 255.3 Duration of the Work
  26. 265.4 Wage for Work
  27. 275.5 The Effort Spent in the Work
  28. 285.6 The Ruling Regarding Hiring Over Prohibited Benefits
  29. 295.7 The Ruling of Hiring Non-Muslims
  30. 305.8 Hiring Someone to perform Worships and Public Services
  31. 315.9 Who is the Employee?
  32. 325.10 The Basis upon which the Assessment of the Wage is Established
  33. 335.11 Estimating the Employee's Wage
  34. 346 The Second Means Of Ownership
  35. 356.1 Inheritance
  36. 367 The Third Means of Ownership
  37. 377.1 The need for Property for Sustenance
  38. 388 The Fourth Means Of Ownership
  39. 398.1 That which the State gives of its Properties to the Citizens
  40. 409 The Fifth Means Of Ownership
  41. 419.1 The Property obtained by Individuals
  42. 4210 The Way To Dispose Of Property
  43. 4310.1 Right of Disposal
  44. 4410.2 Increasing Property
  45. 4510.3 The Rules of Lands
  46. 4610.4 Cultivation of Barren Land
  47. 4710.5 Disposal of Land
  48. 4810.6 Preventing the Leasing of Land
  49. 4911 Trading And Manufacturing
  50. 5011.1 Trade
  51. 5111.2 Manufacturing
  52. 5212 The Laws Of Partnership Companies
  53. 5312.1 The Company in Islam - Partnership
  54. 5412.2 The Company of Equal - Al-Inan
  55. 5512.3 The Companies of Bodies - Al-Abdan
  56. 5612.4 The Company of Body and Capital - Mudharaba
  57. 5712.5 The Company of Reputation Faces - Wujooh
  58. 5812.6 Company of Negotiation - Mufawadha
  59. 5912.7 Dissolving the Company
  60. 6013 Capitalist Companies
  61. 6113.1 Commercial Company of Joint Liability
  62. 6213.2 Joint-Stock Company - Share Companies
  63. 6313.3 Shares of the Share Stock Company
  64. 6413.4 Co-operative Societies
  65. 6513.5 Insurance Ta’meen
  66. 6614 The Prohibited Methods of Increasing Ownership
  67. 6714.1 Gambling
  68. 6814.2 InterestUsury (Riba)
  69. 6914.3 Criminal Fraud
  70. 7014.4 Deceit in Trade
  71. 7114.5 Monopoly
  72. 7214.6 Price-Fixing
  73. 7315 Right of Disposal to Spend in Gifts and Maintenance
  74. 7416 Public Property (AlMilkiyyah Al- Ammah)
  75. 7517 State Property
  76. 7618 Nationalised Property is neither Public nor State Property
  77. 7719 Seclusion (Hima) in the Public Interests
  78. 7820 Factories
  79. 7921 Bait ul Mal (The State Treasury)
  80. 8021.1 Revenues of Bait ul-Mal
  81. 8121.2 The Expenditures of Bait ul-Mal
  82. 8221.3 The State Budget
  83. 8321.4 Zakat
  84. 8421.5 The Head Tax (Jizya)
  85. 8521.6 The Land Tax (Kharaj)
  86. 8622 Distributing Wealth among the People
  87. 8722.1 Economic Equilibrium in Society
  88. 8822.2 The Prohibition of Hoarding Gold and Silver
  89. 8923 Riba and Currency Exchange (Sarf)
  90. 9023.1 Riba (Interes-tUsury)
  91. 9123.2 Currency Exchange (Sarf)
  92. 9223.3 Exchange Transactions
  93. 9324 Money-Currencies (An-Nuqood)
  94. 9424.1 The Gold Standard
  95. 9524.2 Benefits of the Gold Standard
  96. 9624.3 Problems facing the Gold Standard
  97. 9724.4 The Silver Standard
  98. 9824.5 Metallic Money
  99. 9924.6 Paper Money
  100. 10024.7 Issuing of Currency
  101. 10124.8 Exchange Rate of Currencies
  102. 10225 Foreign Trade
  103. 10325.1 The Reality of Foreign Trade
  104. 10425.2 Balance of Tarde
  105. 10525.3 Currency-Monetary Relations Between Countries
  106. 10625.4 Foreign Trade Policy
  107. 10725.5 Free Trade
  108. 10825.6 Protectionism
  109. 10925.7 National Economy
  110. 11025.8 Policy of Self-Sufficiency