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The Institutions of State in the Khilafah 5 min readViewed 3 times

8.5 Fifthly: Amir of Jihad – War department (The army)


The war department is one of the State’s organisations, and its head is called the amir of jihad, rather than the manager of jihad. This is because the Messenger (PBUH) used to give to the leaders of the army the names of amirs.. Ibn Sa’d narrated that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: .

The amir of the people is Zayd ibn Haritha; if he was killed then the amir is Ja’far ibn Abi Talib; and if was killed the amir is Abdullah ibn Ruwahah; and if was killed let the Muslims choose one man from among them and make him their amir.” .

Al-Bukhari narrated that Abdullah ibn ‘Umar (ra) said: .

“The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) appointed Zayd ibn Haritha as amir in the expedition of Mu’tah…” Al-Bukhari narrated has from the hadith of Salamah ibn Al-Akwa’: “I went on an expedition with Zayd; he was appointed amir over us”. .

Al-Bukhari and Muslim narrated that Abdullah ibn ‘Umar (ra) said: .

The Prophet (PBUH) sent an army and appointed Usama ibn Zayd as an amir over them. So some people defamed his leadership, so the Prophet (PBUH) said: .

‘If you defame his leadership you defamed the leadership of his father before. By Allah! He is worthy of leadership…’” [Bukhari, Sahih, #4250 and Muslim, Sahih, #2436]. The Sahabah used to call the army of Mu’tah the army of amirs. Muslim narrated from Ibn Buraydah, he said: “The Messenger of Allah ( PBUH) used to advise the person whom he appointed as amir over an army or an expedition …” ..

The war department takes charge of all the issues connected to the armed forces, in terms of the army, equipment, weapons, facilities, ammunition and the like. This is in addition to military academies, military missions and whatever is necessary of Islamic and general culture for the army and everything related to war and planning of it. The task of sending spies against the belligerent disbelievers is also the role of the war department and there should be a special section for this purpose. The evidences for this are well known in the seerah of the Messenger (PBUH). .

All of this is undertaken and supervised by the war department as its name indicates it is related to war and fighting. War needs an army, and the army needs formation and preparation in terms of its leadership, chiefs of staff, officers and soldiers. .

The formation of the army needs preparation and training, physical as well as technical. Such training addresses the art of fighting, the use of various weapons, and training in the use and developing of modern weapons. Therefore, the technical and military study, training in the art of fighting and learning the use of various weapons is an essential requirement for the army. .

Allah (PBUH ) has honoured the Muslims by making them the propagators of the message of Islam to the entire world. He defined for them the method of conveying Islam by da’wah and jihad. He made jihad obligatory upon them and training in the military service a duty. .

Henceforth, every Muslim male that reaches the age of fifteen years is obliged to have training in military service to prepare for jihad. In regards to military conscription, this is a duty of sufficiency (collective duty). .

The evidence for military service is His (PBUH ) saying: .

“And fight them on until there is no persecution and the submission is to Allah in its entirety.” [TMQ 8:39].

It is also mentioned in the following Hadith of the Prophet of Allah ( PBUH): .

“Do perform Jihad against the Mushriks with your wealth, hands and tongues” narrated by Abu Dawud on the authority of Anas [Sunan, #2504]. In order for fighting to be carried out according to the way determined by Shariah, with the aim of defeating the enemy and conquering the land, military training is necessary, which is compulsory like Jihad, in accordance with the Shariah principle that States: ‘That which is necessary to accomplish a duty is itself a duty’. The soliciting of fighting falls within the order to fight. When Allah (S.W.T ) says,. “And fight them”, this is an order to fight and an order to perform any task that makes the fighting possible. In addition Allah (S.W.T) says:.

“Make ready for them all that (of armed force) you can “. [8:60] .

Training and high military expertise form part of the preparation of fighting power, for they have to be available in order to make the fighting possible. Thus training forms part of the force that must be obtained such as military hardware and military missions etc. .

As for the Military conscription, which is the assignment of people to be part of the armed forces permanently, i.e. to have Mujahidin performing effective Jihad and whatever the duty of Jihad entails, this is compulsory, for the performing of Jihad is a continuous duty whether the enemy attacked us or not, which is why military conscription is a collective duty that is included in the hukm of jihad. .

In regards to the rule of conscription which is only for men above the age of fifteen years, this is due to the hadith reported by Al-Bukhari through Nafi’ when he stated: .

Ibn ‘Umar (ra) told me that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) turned to him on the day of Uhud when he was fourteen years old, but did not allow me. Then he turned to me on the day of the trench when I was fifteen years old and he allowed me to fight.” [Bukhari, Sahih, #2664] .

Nafi’ said, “I visited ‘Umar ibn ‘Abd al-Aziz when he was a Khalifah. I told him of this hadith and he said, ‘This is indeed a limit between the young and the mature.’ So, he wrote to his governors to make duty for whoever reached fifteen years.” It means to assign rizq (funds) to them in the divan of the army. .

Therefore we adopt that the one that reaches the age of fifteen has to be trained in the military service.

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Chapters (68)
  1. 11 Forward
  2. 22 Introduction
  3. 33 The Instutions of State in the Khilafah (in ruling and administration)
  4. 44 The Khalifah
  5. 54.1 The title
  6. 64.2 Necessary conditions
  7. 74.3 Preferred condition
  8. 84.4 The method of appointing the Khalifa
  9. 94.5 Practical measures taken for the Khalifah’s appointment and bay’ah
  10. 104.6 The provisional Khalifah
  11. 114.7 The nominees’ shortlist
  12. 124.8 The method of Bay’ah
  13. 134.9 The Khilafah’s unity
  14. 144.10 The Khalifah’s mandatory powers
  15. 154.11 The Khalifah is restricted to the Shari’ah rules regarding adoption (enacting of laws)
  16. 164.12 The Khilafah state is a human not a theological state
  17. 174.13 The time term of the Khalifah
  18. 184.14 The dismissal of the Khalifah
  19. 194.15 The time limit for the appointment of a Khalifah
  20. 205 The delegated assistants (mu’awin al-tafwid)
  21. 215.1 The conditions of the delegated assistants
  22. 225.2 The mandatory powers of the delegated assistants
  23. 235.3 he appointment and dismissal of the delegated assistants
  24. 246 The executive assistants (mu’awin al-tanfidh)
  25. 257 The governors (wulah)
  26. 267.1 Examining the activities of the governors
  27. 278 Jihad
  28. 288.1 Firstly: The army
  29. 298.2 Secondly: The internal security
  30. 308.3 Thirdly: The industry
  31. 318.4 Fourthly: The international relations
  32. 328.5 Fifthly: Amir of Jihad – War department (The army)
  33. 338.6 The army divisions
  34. 348.7 The Khalifah is the army’s leader
  35. 358.8 Sixthly: The Internal Security
  36. 368.9 Seventhly: The Foreign Affairs
  37. 378.10 Eighthly: The Industry
  38. 389 The Judiciary
  39. 399.1 The types of judges
  40. 409.2 The conditions of the judges
  41. 419.3 The appointment of the judges
  42. 429.4 The judges’ means of living
  43. 439.5 The formations of the tribunals
  44. 449.6 Al-muhtasib
  45. 459.7 The mandatory powers of al-muhtasib
  46. 469.8 The Judge of al-Mazalim (grievances)
  47. 479.9 The appointment and dismissal of the judges of al-Mazalim
  48. 489.10 The mandatory powers of the judges of al-Mazalim
  49. 499.11 The contracts, transactions and court verdicts before the establishment of the Khilafah
  50. 5010 The administration system (the people’s affairs)
  51. 5110.1 The administrative system is a style of management not ruling
  52. 5210.2 The policy of affairs management
  53. 5310.3 Those who are eligible to be civil servants
  54. 5411 Bayt al-mal (the state treasury)
  55. 5512 I’lam (the information)
  56. 5612.1 The authorization of forms of media
  57. 5712.2 The information policy of the state
  58. 5813 The Ummah’s council (shura and Accounting)
  59. 5913.1 The right of shura
  60. 6013.2 The duty of taking to task
  61. 6113.3 The election of the members of the Ummah’s council
  62. 6213.4 The method of electing members of the Ummah’s council
  63. 6313.5 The membership in the Ummah’s council
  64. 6413.6 The term of membership in the Ummah’s council
  65. 6513.7 The mandatory powers of the Ummah’s council
  66. 6613.8 The right of expression and voicing an opinion without impediment
  67. 6714 The Flags and Banners
  68. 6815 The Anthem of the Khilafah State