There is a clear logical inter-connection between all the different concepts of ilaah set out above. Whosoever regards any other person or being to be his helper or patron in the supernatural sense, or capable of solving his problems or fulfilling his needs, of hearing and granting his prayers, or of doing him harm or good, does so only because he believes that ‘person’ or ‘being’ to enjoy some measure of authority in the management of the universe.

Similarly, if a person’s avoidance of certain actions or performance of others is governed by the hope or fear that they would win him the pleasure or displeasure of some other person or being, he does so obviously because of belief that that person or being possesses some kind of supernatural authority in shaping the affairs of men. As for him who believes in God and yet turns to others for the fulfilment of his needs, he too can do so only because he believes them to have some share in God’s authority.

And, lastly, no different is the case of the person who accords the status of law to the commandments of someone other than God, and binds himself to obey the injunctions or prohibitions of that someone, for he in effect thereby accords him supreme authority.

We can therefore safely conclude that the essence of godhood is ‘authority’, whether it is conceived as sovereignty of a supernatural kind over the whole universe, or on the basis that man is bound by God’s law in his worldly life and that all of His injunctions are to be complied with because they emanate from Him.