Wakati wa 'Uthman tofauti katika usomaji wa Qur'ani zilionekana wazi, na baada ya kushauriana na Maswahaba, 'Uthman aliamuru nakala ya kawaida iandaliwe kutoka kwenye Suhuf za Abu Bakr ambazo wakati huo zilikuwa kwa Hafsa.

During the time of 'Uthman differences in reading the Qur'an became obvious, and after consultation with the Companions, 'Uthman had a standard copy prepared from the Suhuf of Abu Bakr that were kept with Hafsa at that time.

Ifuatayo ni riwaya iliyopokewa katika Sahih Bukhari:

The following is the report transmitted in the Sahih Bukhari:

Imepokewa kutoka kwa Anas bin Malik: Hudhaifa bin Al-Yaman alimwendea 'Uthman wakati watu wa Sham na watu wa Iraq walipokuwa wakipigana vita kwa ajili ya kuushinda Arminya na Adharbijan. Hudhaifa aliogopa tofauti zao (za watu wa Sham na Iraq) katika usomaji wa Qur'ani, hivyo akamwambia 'Uthman: 'Ee kiongozi wa Waumini! Iokoe umma huu kabla hawajatofautiana juu ya Kitabu (Qur'ani), kama walivyofanya Mayahudi na Wakristo kabla yao'. Basi 'Uthman akatuma ujumbe kwa Hafsa akisema: 'Tutumie maandishi ya Qur'ani ili tuyakusanye vitabu vya Qur'ani katika nakala kamilifu, kisha tutakurudishia maandishi hayo'. Hafsa akampelekea 'Uthman. Kisha 'Uthman akamwamuru Zaid bin Thabit, 'Abdullah bin Az-Zubair, Sa'id bin Al-'As na 'Abdur Rahman bin Hari bin Hisham kuyaandika upya maandishi hayo katika nakala kamilifu. 'Uthman aliwaambia wale wanaume watatu wa Kiquraishi: 'Iwapo mtatofautiana na Zaid bin Thabit kuhusu neno lolote katika Qur'ani, basiliandikeni kwa lahaja ya Quraish, kwa kuwa Qur'ani iliteremshwa kwa lugha yao'. Wakafanya hivyo, na walipokwisha kuandika nakala nyingi, 'Uthman akawarudishia Hafsa maandishi yake ya asili. 'Uthman alituma nakala moja ya kile walichokinakili kwa kila mkoa wa Waislamu, na akaamuru kwamba vifaa vingine vyote vya Qur'ani, iwe vimeandikwa katika vipande vya maandishi au nakala kamili, vichomwe moto. Zaid bin Thabit aliongeza: 'Aya moja kutoka Sura al-Ahzab ilinipita nilipokuwa nakili Qur'ani, nami nilikuwa nikimsikia Mtume wa Allah ﷺ akiisoma. Basi tukaitafuta, tukaipata kwa Khuzaima bin Thabit Al-Ansari'. (Aya hiyo ilikuwa): '{Miongoni mwa Waumini wako watu waliotimiza ahadi yao waliyomwahidi Allah}' (33:23). [Bukhari, VI, No.

Narrated Anas bin Malik: Hudhaifa bin Al-Yaman came to 'Uthman at the time when the people of Sham and the people of Iraq were waging war to conquer Arminya and Adharbijan. Hudhaifa was afraid of their (the people of Sham and Iraq) differences in the recitation of the Qur'an, so he said to 'Uthmfin, 'O chief of the Believers! Save this nation before they differ about the Book (Qur'an), as Jews and the Christians did before'. So 'Uthman sent a message to Hafsa saying, 'Send us the manuscripts of the Qur'an so that we may compile the Qur'anic materials in perfect copies and return the manuscripts to you'. Hafsa sent it to 'Uthman. 'Uthman then ordered Zaid bin Thabit, 'Abdullah bin Az-Zubair, Sa'id bin Al-'As and 'Abdur Rahman bin Hari-bin Hisham to rewrite the manuscripts in perfect copies. 'Uthman said to the three Quraishi men, 'In case you disagree with Zaid bin Thabit on any point in the Qur'an, then write it in the dialect of Quraish as the Qur'an was revealed in their tongue'. They did so, and when they had written many copies, 'Uthman returned the original manuscripts to Hafsa. 'Uthman sent to every Muslim province one copy of what they had copied, and ordered that all the other Qur'anic materials whether written in fragmentary manuscripts or whole copies, be burnt. Zaid bin Thabit added, 'A verse from Sura al-Ahzab was missed by me when we copied the Qur'an and I used to hear Allah's Apostle reciting it. So we searched for it and found it with Khuzaima bin Thabit Al-Ansari'. (That verse was): 'Among the Believers are men who have been true in their convenant with Allah' (33: 23). [Bukhari, VI, No.

[510] Matukio yafuatayo yalipelekea kuandaliwa kwa mushafu ya 'Uthman:

510] The following events led to the preparation of the mushaf of 'Uthman:

Mizozo ilizuka miongoni mwa Waislamu kuhusu namna sahihi ya kusoma Qur'ani.

 Disputes had arisen among the Muslims about the correct manner of reciting the Qur'an.

'Uthman aliazima Suhuf, ambazo zilikuwa zimehifadhiwa kwa Hafsa.

 'Uthman borrowed the Suhuf, which were kept with Hafsa.

Uthman aliwaamuru Maswahaba wanne, miongoni mwao Zaid bin Thabit, kuandika upya maandishi hayo katika nakala kamili.

 'Uthman ordered four Companions, among them Zaid bin Thabit, to rewrite the script in perfect copies.

Uthman alituma nakala hizi kwenye vituo vikuu vya Waislamu ili zichukue nafasi ya vifaa vingine vilivyokuwa vikitumika.

 'Uthman sent these copies to the main centres of the Muslims to replace other materials that were in circulation.

Karibu mwaka 610, Utume wa Muhammad ﷺ ulianza.

Around 610 Muhammad's Prophethood commences.

Ufunuo wa kwanza katika pango la Mlima Hira. Ulipokezwa kwa mdomo, baadaye ukaandikwa.

1st revelation in cave on Mount Hira Transmitted orally, later in written form.

610-32 Muhammad huko Makka na Madina.

610-32 Muhammad in Makka and Madina.

Ufunuo endelevu kwa nyakati nyingi, ukipitishwa kwa mdomo baada ya kukaririwa na wengi, pamoja na kuandikwa kwa ufunuo huo na masahaba mbalimbali kwa amri ya moja kwa moja ya Mtume ﷺ mwenyewe.

Continious revelation on numerous occasions Transmitted orally after memorisation by many, and writing down of revelation by various companions upon the direct instruction of the Prophet himself.

Kifo cha Mtume ﷺ. Ufunuo wa mwisho ulikuwa siku chache kabla ya hapo.

632 Prophets death. Last revelation few days before this.

Ufunuo kamili ulibaki ukiwa umehifadhiwa kwenye kumbukumbu za Maswahaba mbalimbali, na pia kwenye vifaa mbalimbali vya kuandikia.

Compelete revelation left behind both in the memories of various companions as well as on various writing materials.

Wakati wa kifo cha Mtume ﷺ, ufunuo ulikuwa umekamilika.

At the death of the Prophet, complete revelation left behind.

632-34 Ukhalifa wa Abu Bakr 633 Wakati wa vita vya Yamama, masahaba kadhaa waliokuwa wamehifadhi Qur'ani kwa moyo waliuawa.

632-34 Abu Bakrs caliphate 633 During the battle of Yamama several companions who knew the Quran by heart were killed.

Abu Bakr anamwagiza Zaid b. Thabit aandae nakala moja kamili ya Ufunuo.

Abu Bakr instructs Zaid b. Thabit to prepare a single copy of the complete revelation.

Zaid b. Thabit alikusanya Qur'ani yote kutoka vyanzo vya mdomo na vya maandishi kuwa Suhuf, akidai mashahidi wawili kwa kila kipande. Suhuf hizo zilibaki kwa Abu Bakr.

Zaid b. Thabit brings together all the revelation into the Suhuf from both oral as well as written sources demanding two witnesses for each piece. The Suhuf remain with Abu Bakr.

Wahyi, kama ulivyoachwa na Nabii ﷺ, ulipatikana kwa njia ya mdomo na pia ukiwa umeandikwa kwenye vifaa mbalimbali. Mpangilio wake wa ndani ulikuwa unajulikana kwa Waislamu na walikuwa wakiufuata kwa ukali.

The revelation, as left by the Prophet, was available both orally and written on various materials. Its internal order was known to the Muslims and strictly observed by them.

Abu Bakr alikusanya vipande hivi vilivyotawanyika na kuandika yaliyomo yake katika karatasi (Suhuf).

Abu Bakr collected these loose materials and had their contents written on to sheets (Suhuf).

Abu Bakr alinakili nakala moja kutoka katika vifaa mbalimbali vya maneno na maandishi. Nakala hii baadaye ilihifadhiwa na 'Umar, kisha na binti yake Hafsa.

Abu Bakr had made one single copy from the various verbal and written material. This copy was later kept by 'Umar and then by his daughter Hafsa.

'Uthman aliagiza kutengenezwa nakala nyingi kutoka kwenye nakala hii na kuzituma sehemu mbalimbali za ulimwengu wa Kiislamu, huku Suhuf asili zikirudishwa kwa Hafsa na kubaki kwake hadi alipofariki. Baadaye, Marwan b. Hakam (d. 65/684), kwa mujibu wa riwaya iliyo katika Ibn Abi Dawud, aliikusanya kutoka kwa warithi wake na kuiagiza iteketezwe, kwa dhana kwamba huenda ikasababisha mizozo mipya. 'Uthman pia alihifadhi nakala moja kwa ajili yake mwenyewe. Toleo hili la maandishi, linalojulikana pia kama 'Mushaf 'Uthman, kwa kweli linajumuisha ijma' (makubaliano) ya Masahaba, wote ambao walikubaliana kwamba lilikuwa na kile ambacho Muhammad ﷺ alichokileta kama wahyi kutoka kwa Allah (SWT).

'Uthman had many copies prepared from this copy and sent them to various places in the Muslim world, while the original Suhuf were returned to Hafsa and remained with her until her death. Later, Marwan b. Hakam (d. 65/684), according to a report in Ibn Abi Dawud, collected it from her heirs and had it destroyed, presumably fearing it might become the cause for new disputes. 'Uthman also kept one of the copies for himself. This version of the text, also known as 'Mushaf 'Uthman in fact constitutes the ijma'(consensus) of the sahaba, all of whom agreed that it contained what Muhammad had brought as revelation from Allah.

Kulingana na Ibn Abi Dawud (117-8), mabadiliko kumi na moja yalifanywa chini ya al-Hajjaj, miongoni mwao, kwa mfano, 5:48 'shari'atan wa minhajan' ilibadilishwa kuwa 'shir'atan wa minhajan'; 12:45 'ana atikum bi-ta'wilihi' ilibadilishwa kuwa ana unabbi'ukum bi ta'wilihi.

[According to Ibn Abi Dawud (117-8) eleven changes were made under al-Hajjaj, among them e.g. 5:48 'shari'atan wa minhajan' into 'shir'atan wa minhajan'; 12:45 'ana atikum bi-ta'wilihi' into ana unabbi'ukum bi ta'wilihi.

Haya ni makosa ambayo, kwa mujibu wa Ibn Abi Dawud, yalifanyika katika maandalizi ya nakala ya Uthman (uk. 37-49).

These are again according to Ibn Abi Dawud mistakes which were made in the preparation of Uthmans copy (pp. 37-49).

Toleo la kwanza la 12:45 e.g. lilikuwa somo la 'Ubay (ibid. uk. 138) na Ibn Mas'ud (ibid. uk. 39).] Usambazaji mpana wa maandishi haya na mamlaka yake yasiyopingika pia unaweza kuhitimishwa kutoka kwenye habari kuhusu vita vya Siffin (A.H. 37), miaka 27 baada ya kifo cha Mtume ﷺ, na miaka mitano baada ya nakala za 'Uthman kusambazwa, askari wa Mu'awiya walibandika kurasa za Qur'ani kwenye mikuki yao ili kusimamisha vita. [Angalia Suyuti, History of the Caliphs. transl. H.