伊斯兰教将对独一真主的全然顺服作为其信仰与行为的根基。其信仰、功修和生活准则，都统一地体现这种顺服，并且是对"除真主外别无应受崇拜者"这一宣言的实际践行。生活的细节则源自真主的使者穆罕默德ﷺ的圣行，是"穆罕默德是真主的使者"这一宣言的实际体现。

Islam constructs its foundation of belief and action on the principle of total submission to God alone. Its beliefs, forms of worship and rules of life are uniformly an expression of this submission and are a practical interpretation of the declaration that there is no deity except God. The details of life are derived from the practice of the Messenger of God - peace be on him-and are a practical consequence of the declaration that Muhammad is the Messenger of God.

伊斯兰教以这样的方式构建其整体结构：信仰宣言的这两个部分决定了它的体系与特征。当伊斯兰教如此构建自身结构，使其在人类已知的一切其他体系中占有独特而特殊的地位时，伊斯兰教实际上便与宇宙的普遍法则相协调；这一法则不仅在人类存在中运行，也贯穿于整个宇宙。

Islam builds its entire structure in such a way that these two parts of the declaration determine its system and its characteristics. When Islam builds its structure in this manner, giving it a separate and unique position among all other systems known to man, then Islam actually becomes harmonious with the universal law, which is operative not only in human existence but throughout the whole universe as well.

根据伊斯兰的观念，整个宇宙都是由真主创造的。宇宙依照真主的意愿而存在，随后他确立了若干自然法则，宇宙便遵循这些法则运行，其各个部分也依据这些法则和谐地运作：

According to the Islamic concept, the whole universe has been created by God. The universe came into existence when God willed it, and then He ordained certain natural laws which it follows and according to which all its various parts operate harmoniously:

"当我们想要使某物存在时，我们对它说'有'，它就存在了。"（16:40）

"When We wish to bring something into existence, We say to it, 'Be', and there it is." (16:40)

"他创造了万物，并且以精确的尺度为之定量。"（25:2）

"And He created everything, and measured it in due proportion." (25:2)

在这个宇宙背后，有一种意志在主宰它，有一种力量在推动它，有一条法则在规范它。

Behind this universe there is a Will which administers it, a Power which moves it, a Law which regulates it.

这种力量使宇宙各部分之间保持平衡，并掌控它们的运动；因此它们不会相互碰撞，其体系也不会出现任何紊乱，它们的规律运动也不会突然停止，更不会变得混乱无序。只要神的旨意希望它延续，这一切就将持续下去。整个宇宙都顺从神的意志、神的大能与神的权威；它一刻也不可能违背神的旨意及其所定的法则。正是由于这种顺从与服从，宇宙才得以和谐地继续运行，除非神意欲如此，否则任何毁灭、消散或紊乱都不会侵入其中。

This Power keeps a balance between the various parts of the universe and controls their motions; thus they neither collide with each other nor is there any disturbance in their system, nor do their regular motions come to a sudden stop, nor do they become disorganized. This will continue as long as the Divine will wishes it to continue. The whole universe is obedient to God's Will, His Power and His Authority; it is not possible for it to disobey the Divine Will and its ordained law for a single moment. Due to this obedience and submission, the universe continues to go on in a harmonious fashion, and no destruction or dispersion or disturbance can enter into it unless God wills it.

诚然，你们的主就是真主，祂在六日内创造了天地，然后升上宝座，执掌主权。祂使黑夜覆盖白昼，白昼紧紧追随黑夜。太阳、月亮和星辰都受祂的命令而运行。创造与命令唯独属于祂。尊贵的真主，万世的主，至高无上。（7:54）

"Indeed, your Sustainer is God, Who created the heavens and the earth in six periods and then established Himself upon the throne of sovereignty. He causes the night to cover up the day and the day to follow the night. The sun and the moon and the stars are controlled by His command, The creation and the command are for Him alone. Glorious is God, the Sustainer of the worlds." (7:54)

人是宇宙的一部分;支配人性的法则与支配宇宙的法则并无二致。真主是宇宙的创造者,也是人的创造者。人的身体由尘土般的物质构成,然而真主赋予他某些特质,使他超越了其所由构成的泥土;真主依据一定的尺度给他供养。在身体机能上,人与其他生物一样,不由自主地遵循同样的自然法则。他的受造是依真主的意志,而非依其父母的意志。父母能够结合在一起,却不能把精子变成一个人。人依照真主为他规定的发育方式和出生方式而降生;他呼吸真主的空气,其数量与方式皆由真主所定;他有感觉和理解力,会感到疼痛,会饥饿、口渴,吃饭、喝水——总之,他必须遵循真主的法则而生活,在这件事上他别无选择。在这一点上,他与宇宙中其他无生命或有生命的事物并无区别。一切都无条件地顺服真主的意志和祂的创造法则。

Man is a part of the universe; the laws which govern human nature are no different from the laws governing the universe. God is the Creator of the universe as well as of man. Man's body is made of earthly material, yet God has bestowed upon him certain characteristics which make him more than the earth from which he is made; God provides him according to a measure. In his bodily functions man involuntarily follows the same laws of nature as other creatures. His creation is according to the will of God rather than of his father and mother. The father and mother are able to come together; yet they are not able to transform a sperm into a human being. Man is born according to the method of development and the method of birth which God has prescribed for him; he breathes God's air in the quantity and fashion prescribed by God; he has feelings and understanding, he experiences pain, becomes hungry and thirsty, eats and drinks - in short, he has to live according to the laws of God and he has no choice in the matter. In this respect there is no difference between him and other inanimate or animate objects of the universe. All unconditionally submit to the Will of God and to the laws of His creation.

那位创造宇宙与人类的主，使人服从支配宇宙的那些法则，同时也为人的自主行为制定了一套沙里亚（Shari'ah）。人若遵循此法，其生活便与自身的本性相和谐。从这一角度看，这套沙里亚也是支配整个宇宙的普遍法则的一部分，包括人的身体与生理层面在内。

He Who has created the universe and man, and Who made man obedient to the laws which also govern the universe, has also prescribed a Shari'ah for his voluntary actions. If man follows this law, then his life is in harmony with his own nature. From this point of view, this Shari'ah is also a part of that universal law which governs the entire universe, including the physical and biological aspects of man.

每一句真主的话语，无论是命令还是禁令，是许诺还是告诫，是规则还是指引，都是普遍法则的一部分，其准确与真实与那些被称为“自然法则”的定律同样无误。这些自然法则是为宇宙所定的神圣秩序，我们发现它们每时每刻都在运作，依照上主自创世之初便为它们所规定的安排。

Each word of God, whether it is an injunction or a prohibition, a promise or an admonition, a rule or guidance, is a part of the universal law and is as accurate and true as any of the laws known as the "laws of nature" -the Divinely- ordained laws for the universe-which we find to be operative every moment according to what God has prescribed for them from the dawn of creation.

因此，真主为人类安排生活而赐下的沙里亚，也是一部普遍法则，因为它与宇宙的普遍法则相关联，并与之和谐一致。服从沙里亚对人类而言便成为必然，使人的生活能够与宇宙其余部分相协调、相和鸣。不仅如此，人的生理生命中起作用的自然法则与支配其自主行为的道德法则之间，唯有通过服从沙里亚才能达成和谐。只有这样，人的人格，无论内在还是外在，才得以整合统一。

Thus the Shari'ah which God has given to man to organize his life is also a universal law, as it is related to the general law of the universe and is harmonious with it. This obedience to the Shari'ah becomes a necessity for human beings so that their lives may become harmonious and in tune with the rest of the universe; not only this, but the only way in which harmony can be brought about between the physical laws which are operative in the biological life of a man and the moral laws which govern his voluntary actions is solely through obedience to the Shari'ah. Only in this way does man's personality, internal and external, become integrated.

人类无法理解宇宙的全部规律，也无法领会这一体系的统一性；他甚至无法理解支配自身的那些规律，而这些规律他连分毫也无法偏离。因此，人没有能力为一种能与宇宙完全和谐、甚至能使其身体需求与外在行为相协调的生活体系制定法则。这种能力唯独属于宇宙与人类的创造者，祂不仅掌管宇宙，也掌管人类的事务，并依照祂的旨意推行统一的法则。

Man cannot understand all the laws of the universe, nor can he comprehend the unity of this system; he cannot even understand the laws which govern his own person, from which he cannot deviate by a hair's breadth. Thus he is incapable of making laws for a system of life which can be in complete harmony with the universe or which can even harmonize his physical needs with his external behavior. This capability belongs solely to the Creator of the universe and of men, Who not only controls the universe but also human affairs, and Who implements a uniform law according to His will.

遵行真主的沙里亚（Shari'ah）对于维持这种和谐是必要的，甚至比确立伊斯兰信仰更为必要，因为任何个人或群体，只有以穆罕默德所教导的方式完全顺服唯独真主，才能成为真正的穆斯林，并以自己的行为见证：除真主外再无应受崇拜的神，穆罕默德是真主的使者ﷺ。

This obedience to the Shari'ah of God is necessary for the sake of this harmony, even more necessary than the establishment of the Islamic belief, as no individual or group of individuals can be truly Muslim until they wholly submit to God alone in the manner taught by the Messenger of God- peace be on him, thus testifying by their actions that there is no deity except God and that Muhammad is God's Messenger.

完全的和谐——即人类生活与宇宙法则之间的和谐——对人类完全有益，因为这是防止生活中任何形式不和的唯一保障。只有在这种状态下，人们才能与自己和平相处，与宇宙和平相处，遵循其法则与运行而生活。同样，他们将拥有内心的平静，因为他们的行为与其真实的天性需求相一致，二者之间不存在冲突。事实上，真主的沙里亚以一种轻松的方式，使人的外在行为与其内在天性相协调。当一个人与自己的天性和解时，个体之间的和平与合作便会自然随之而来，因为他们都生活在同一套制度之下，而这套制度正是宇宙整体系统的一部分。

Total harmony between human life and the law of the universe is entirely beneficial for mankind, as this is the only guarantee against any kind of discord in life. Only in this state will they be at peace with themselves and at peace with the universe, living in accord with its laws and its movements. In the same way, they will have peace of mind, as their actions will agree with their true natural demands, with no conflict between the two. Indeed, the Shari'ah of God harmonizes the external behavior of man with his internal nature in an easy way. When a man makes peace with his own nature, peace and cooperation among individuals follow automatically, as they all live together under one system, which is a part of the general system of the universe.

因此,福泽降临全人类,因为这条道路能够轻易地引领人们认识自然的奥秘、其中隐藏的力量,以及宇宙广袤之中所蕴藏的宝藏。人类在真主的沙里亚指引下运用这些知识,造福全人类,而不会产生任何冲突或竞争。

Thus, blessings fall on all mankind, as this way leads in an easy manner to the knowledge of the secrets of nature, its hidden forces, and the treasures concealed in the expanses of the universe. Man uses these for the benefit of all mankind, under the guidance of the Shari'ah of God, without any conflict or competition.

与真主的律法相对的，是人的私欲。

In contrast to the Shari'ah of God are men's whims:

“若真理顺从他们的私欲，天地以及其中的一切，必定都会败坏。”（23:71）

"Had the truth followed their opinions, the heavens and the earth and whosoever is in them would surely have been corrupted." (23:71)

由此我们可以知道,真理是唯一的,而不是多个。它是这一宗教的根基,天地建立在它之上,今世与后世的一切事务都由它决定,人将依据它向真主负责,背离真理的人也将受它的惩罚,人们将依照它接受真主的审判。真理是不可分割的,它是真主为一切事务所制定的那条普遍法则的名称;存在之物要么顺从它,要么因它而受到惩罚。

From this we come to know that the truth is one and not many. It is the foundation of this religion, the heavens and earth are based upon it, all the affairs of this world and of the next are settled by it, man will be accountable to God on the basis of it, and those who deviate from the truth are punished by it, and people will be judged by God according to it. Truth is indivisible, and it is the name of that general law which God has ordained for all affairs; and everything in existence either follows it or is punished by it.

{我们确已降示给你们一部载有你们荣誉的经典，你们难道不思考吗？}我们毁灭了多少作恶的城市，又以别的民众取代了它们。当他们感觉到我们的刑罚降临时，便开始逃跑。（有声音对他们说）：“不要逃跑，回到你们曾经沉溺其中的奢华生活和你们的住所去吧，或许你们将被问责。”

"We have sent to you a Book which speaks about you; do you not then use your reason? Many a wicked town have We destroyed and have replaced them with other people. When they felt Our Might approaching, they started to run. (It was said to them), 'Do not run; return to the luxury that you gloated in and to your homes; maybe you shall be questioned' .

他们说:"哎呀,我们真是不义的人了!"他们不停地哀号,直到我使他们成为收割后的庄稼、寂然无声的灰烬。我没有为戏耍而创造天地以及两者之间的一切。假若我想找一件消遣的东西,我必定会从我这里找来,如果我要这样做的话。不,我以真理攻击虚妄,真理便摧毁它,虚妄也就消失了。你们所妄加的描述,使你们遭殃吧!天地间的一切都属于他,与他同在的天使也不妄自尊大而拒绝崇拜他,他们也不厌倦地日夜赞颂他,从不懈怠。

They said: 'Woe upon us! We have been evil-doers'. So they did not stop crying until We made them stubble, silent and still. We did not create the heavens and the earth and whatsoever is between them as a sport. Had We desired to adopt it for Us as a diversion, We would have taken it to Us from Ourselves, had We done so. Nay, but We held the truth against falsehood, and it prevails over it, and behold! falsehood vanishes away. Then woe to you for what you ascribe (to God). To Him belongs whatsoever is in the heavens and the earth, and those who are with Him do not be- come too proud to worship Him; neither do they grow weary of glorifying Him by night and by day and never failing." (21: 10-20)

人性深处本就完全知晓这一真理。人的形体与身体构造，以及他周围浩瀚宇宙的精妙组织，都在提醒他：这个宇宙建立在真理之上，真理是它的本质，它与维系其存在的核心法则相关联。因此，宇宙之中没有紊乱，其各部分之间没有冲突；它不是随意运行，也不依赖偶然，更非没有整体的规划；它也不是人类任性摆布的玩物，而是沿着精确、周密且既定的轨道平稳运行。

Human nature in its depths has full awareness of this truth. Man's form and body, and the organization of the vast universe around him, reminds him that this universe is based on truth, and truth is its essence, and it is related to a central law which sustains it. Thus, there is no disturbance in it, no conflict between its parts; it does not move at random, nor does it depend on chance, nor is it devoid of an overall plan; neither is it a sport in the hands of human caprices, but runs smoothly on a precise, detailed and prescribed course.

当人受欲望的影响，偏离了深藏于其自身本性之中的真理，并遵循基于自身意见而非神的诫命的律法时，冲突便由此产生。他不与宇宙中的其他一切一同顺服其真正的主宰，反而悖逆、反叛。

Conflict begins when man deviates from the truth which is hidden in the depths of his own nature, under the influence of his desires, and when he follows laws based on his own opinions instead of following God's commandments. Instead of submitting to his True Master along with the rest of the universe, he rebels and revolts.

当人与自身本性之间、人与宇宙之间的这种冲突蔓延到人类群体、民族和种族之中时，宇宙中的一切力量与资源便不再被用于造福全人类，而是被用于毁灭与侵害他人。

When this conflict between man and his own nature, and man and the universe, spreads to human groups, nations and races, then all the forces and resources of the universe are utilized not for the benefit of all mankind, but for its destruction and for violence against others.

由上述讨论可以清楚看出,在地上确立神的律法,其目的并不仅仅是为了来世。今世与来世并非两个各自独立的实体,而是彼此互补的阶段。神所赐予的律法不仅调和了这两个阶段,也使人的生活与宇宙的普遍规律相和谐。因此,当人的生活与宇宙之间实现和谐时,其成果并不会推延到来世才显现,而是在今世便已发挥作用。然而,这些成果将在后世臻于完善。

It becomes clear from the above discussion that the purpose of the establishment of God's law on earth is not merely for the sake of the next world. This world and the next world are not two separate entities, but are stages complementary to each other. The law given by God not only harmonizes these two stages but also harmonizes human life with the general law of the universe. Thus, when harmony between human life and the universe ensues, its results are not postponed for the next world but are operative even in this world. However, they will reach their perfection in the Hereafter.

这便是伊斯兰关于宇宙以及作为宇宙一部分的人类生活的概念的基础。就其本质而言，这一概念不同于人类所知的其他一切概念。正因如此，这一概念便蕴含着其他人生观中所没有的某些责任与义务。

This, then, is the foundation of the Islamic concept of the universe and of human life as a part of this universe. By its very nature, this concept is different from all other concepts known to mankind. This is why this concept implies certain responsibilities and obligations which are not found in other concepts of life.

根据这一观念，服从真主的沙里亚（Shari'ah）实际上是一种必然结果，即人类生活需要与那在人自身之内以及宇宙其余部分中发挥作用的法则相协调。

According to this concept, obedience to the Shari'ah of God is actually a consequence of the need to harmonize human life with that law which is operative within man himself and in the rest of the universe.

这一需要要求，规范人类社会事务的法律应当与宇宙的普遍法则相一致；它要求人类与宇宙万物一道，只顺服真主，任何人都不得自封为他人的主宰。

This need demands that the law which governs the social affairs of human beings should be in accordance with the general law of the universe; it demands that man submit to God alone, with the rest of the universe, and that no man should claim lordship over others.

我们一直在讨论的这种和谐需要，在易卜拉欣——愿主赐其平安——与尼姆鲁德之间的对话中有所体现。易卜拉欣是穆斯林社群之父。尼姆鲁德是一个暴君，声称对其臣民拥有绝对的统治权；然而，他并未声称对天空、行星和星辰拥有主权。当先知易卜拉欣——愿主赐其平安——提出这样的论证：掌管宇宙的那一位，才是唯一有权管理人类的主，尼姆鲁德便哑口无言。

A suggestion of this need for harmony which we have been talking about is found in the conversation between Abraham- peace be on him - the father of the Muslim community, and Nimrod. This man was a tyrant and claimed absolute sovereignty over his subjects; yet he did not claim sovereignty over the heavens, the planets and stars. When the Prophet Abraham - peace be on him - put forward the argument that He Who has authority over the universe is the only One to have authority over human beings too, he became speechless:

“难道你没有注意到那个与易卜拉欣争论他主的人吗？因为真主赐他统治一方的权力。当易卜拉欣说：‘我的主是使人生、使人死的那一位。’他说：‘我也能使人生、使人死。’易卜拉欣说：‘真主使太阳从东方升起，你能使它从西方升起吗？’于是那不信道的人哑口无言。真主不引导不义的民众。”{2：258}

"Have you considered the case of the man who argued with Abraham concerning his Sustainer, because God had given him rule over a country? When Abraham said: My Lord is He Who gives life and Who gives death,' he replied: 'I give life and I give death.' Abraham said: 'Indeed, God brings out the sun from the east. Then do you bring it out from the west?' Then the unbeliever became speechless. And God does not guide the evil-doing people". (2: 258)

"难道他们寻求的是真主的宗教以外的宗教吗？天地间的万物，都心甘情愿或被迫地归顺他，并且都要归于他。"

"Do they seek a religion other than the religion of God, while whatever is in the heavens and the earth submits to Him willingly, and will return to Him?" (3:83)