圣训的保存
Preservation Of Hadīth
安拉(سبحانه وتعالى)在《古兰经》中说:
Allah سبحانه وتعالى. states in the Qur’an:

诚然,真主سبحانه وتعالى(至高无上)已经恩赐信士们,从他们自己当中派遣了一位使者,向他们诵读祂的启示,使他们得以净化,并教授他们经典与智慧。1
Indeed Allah سبحانه وتعالى. has already done a favor to the believers, when He raised amongst them a messenger from themselves to recite to them His verses, purify them and teach them the book and the wisdom.1
这段经文阐明了蒙福的先知穆罕默德ﷺ最重要的职责之一:教导经典。这一职责不仅包括教授经文的诵读与发音(这已包含在第一项职责之中,即“向他们宣读他的启示”),更重要的是教授《古兰经》的涵义。若没有蒙福的先知ﷺ作为老师为我们解释,穆斯林要想理解《古兰经》的意义与信息,将毫无意义。
This aya explains one of the most important responsibilities of the beloved Blessed Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم: to teach the Book. This responsibility consists of not just teaching the pronunciation and reading of the Book [as that is already covered in the first responsibility, i.e. ‘to recite to them His verses’], but more importantly, the meaning of the Qur’an. It would be meaningless for a Muslim to try to understand the meaning and message of the Qur’an without the Blessed Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم as a teacher to explain it to us.
仅凭阿拉伯语的熟练程度,并不足以让我们领会《古兰经》的含义。请记住,精通阿拉伯语的圣门弟子(愿真主喜悦他们),总是向蒙福的先知穆罕默德ﷺ请教,以理解《古兰经》更深层的含义。《古兰经》的字句与其含义,都由蒙福的先知穆罕默德ﷺ以言语和实际行动加以阐释。先知穆罕默德ﷺ的这些言论与解释被称为圣训(ḥadīth),它们为我们提供了最可靠的《古兰经》注释。因此,真主(SWT)保护《古兰经》的应许,也包含了对圣训的保护。
Proficiency in the Arabic language alone cannot help us grasp the meaning of the Qur’an. Remember, the Sahaba رضي الله عنه) who spoke fluent Arabic, always turned to the Blessed Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم to understand the deeper meanings of the Qur’an. The Qur’an’s words and its meanings were explained both verbally and practically by the Blessed Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم. These sayings and explanations of the Blessed Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم are called úódõth and provide us with the the most authentic commentary of the Qur’an. Therefore, Allah’s سبحانه وتعالى. promise to preserve the Qur’an meant preservation of the aúódõth as well.
然而,仅仅保存文字本身并无多大意义。例如,古兰经命令穆斯林建立üalót(拜功),但如果我们无法理解这一命令的内涵(比如如何履行),那么保存“建立üalót”这些文字又有什么益处呢?这证明,古兰经的保存必然包含对圣训(úódõth)的保存。没有圣训,穆斯林的信仰(õmón)便是不完整的。毕竟,我们又如何得知古兰经是安拉的经典呢?(SWT)
However the preservation of words alone serves little purpose. For example, if the Qur’an commands Muslims to establish üalót, but we are unable to understand what this command entails [such as how to perform it], then what benefit is there in preserving the words “establish the üalót?” This proves that the preservation of the Qur’an, by necessity, includes preservation of the úódõth. Without úódõth, the õmón of a Muslim is incomplete. After all, how do we know that the Qur’an is the book of Allah سبحانه وتعالى.?
我们之所以能够认识《古兰经》及其地位,正是因为蒙福的先知ﷺ曾说:“这就是《古兰经》;它是安拉(subhanahu wa ta'ala)的话语……”如果我们拒绝先知ﷺ的这段圣训,那么伊斯兰教的整个根基就会崩塌。我们将无从知道《古兰经》确是它所自称的那样。3
If we know the Qur’an and its place, it is only because the Blessed Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “This is the Qur’an; it is the word of Allah سبحانه وتعالى..” If we were to reject this úadīth of the Blessed Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم then the whole foundation of Islam collapses. We would not know that the Qur’an is what it claims to be.3
真主سبحانه وتعالى在《古兰经》中对蒙福的先知صلى الله عليه وسلم说:
Allah سبحانه وتعالى. says to the Blessed Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم in the Qur’an:

我也将这提醒降示给你,以便你向世人阐明降给他们的经典,好让他们深思。2
And We have sent unto you the message, that you may explain clearly to men what is sent for them, and that they may give thought. 2
这段经文证明,圣训的根本作用在于阐明《古兰经》的含义,这意味着没有圣训,就无法理解《古兰经》。
This aya proves that the fundamental role of úódõth is to reveal the meaning of the Qur’an, which means that the Qur’an cannot be understood without the aúódõth.
1 3:164.
1 3:164.
2 16:44
2 16:44