There has been no shortage of writers predicting an end to the system as we know it. Indeed as we speak many authors are probably sending manuscripts to publishers trying to be first with the title “The End of Capitalism” to rival Fukuyama’s infamous (and now defunct) essay on the End of History in 1989. But will this event really be the end for Capitalism? Unlikely. But, is this the beginning of the end of capitalism? Quite probably, and it is without doubt that Capitalism currently needs intensive care and is facing its greatest crisis.

The events of September 2008 will go down in history as one of the darkest times in the history of Capitalism. Alan Greenspan former Chairman of the US Federal Reserve stated that the current events were rare, once every fifty or hundred years. For the US, in particular the current crisis constitutes the economic equivalent of Pearl Harbour and 9-11 combined a profound shock to the system which will be felt for years if not decades ahead. Not only have we witnessed the end of the stand alone investment banking model which was the cornerstone of modern financial capitalism, we have also seen the dogma of laissez faire free market economics trashed as Governments scramble around to bail out the next financial institution.

Greenspan is wrong about a once a century occurrence, it has only been eight years since the dot com fiasco which wiped off almost 7 trillion dollars off stock market valuations. So how did we get into this mess, how could the United States, a superpower with a $14 trillion economy now become a laughing stock. How could investment banks valued only recently at tens of billions of dollars and who were able to survive two world wars and the great depression be wiped out so easily. How could western governments who used to smugly preach to the developing world the art of economic competence act no better than glorified banana republics?.

The events of the past month were rooted in the sub prime sector when brokers incentivised by fat commissions sold mortgages in their truck loads to millions of borrowers. This policy of encouraging widespread home ownership had been followed by successive administrations who believed that owning one’s house was part of the American dream. For many borrowers motivated by a quick buck and cushioned by easy credit, getting a mortgage was a small price to pay in exchange for a huge profit as house prices rose exponentially. Brokers having banked their commissions decided to sell their mortgages on and soon these would be parcelled up and form mortgage backed securities (MBS) sold and resold by banks throughout the world. At a time of low interest rates, banks throughout the world egged on by shareholders and analysts, the cheerleaders of corporate capitalism, were challenged to seek to gain higher and higher returns. MBSs therefore were like nirvana from heaven and while house prices rose, demand for such instruments and other alternative instruments remained high.

At the time, this new model of selling on such instruments was considered ingenious by regulators and commentators alike as they believed these products diversified risk and ensured that no one entity would be disproportionately exposed. After years of house price growth, everyone was happy until the inevitable crash. At the time, far from the benefits of diversified risk, deep panic set in as banks discovered that they actually didn’t know where the risk was, thereby leading to a chronic loss of confidence and the freezing of inter bank lending. Banks simply didn’t trust each other believing that other banks could be potentially sitting on huge losses as these MBSs lost value or to use the technical term became “toxic”. This freeze would make certain banks insolvent and others would go to the wall due to a lack of liquidity following highly leveraged derivative bets. It would also make credit more expensive, lead to mass insecurity around savings, increase commodity prices and weaken currencies, so making prices higher. The following are the key events that have hit the world since the crisis began.

The events have been of unprecedented volatility. Not since the Great Depression have we witnessed such events and seen such fragility in the financial system. The US government’s proposal to buy toxic assets up to $700 billion from the US banking system was initially defeated by 228-205 in the House of Representatives, with many citing the sheer unpopularity of the package with the American people. People have rightly pointed to the fact that Wall Street was more than happy to keep their billion dollar profits private in the good times and yet want to ‘nationalise’ their losses, to be paid for by the American taxpayer when the going got tough. While people continue to suffer from higher food, energy and healthcare costs, Wall Street bankers’ compensation packages continue to be paid with ex Lehman’s staff on course for huge multi billion dollar bonuses from their new employers in 2009. No wonder people are so disillusioned with Wall Street and their cohorts in Washington. In addition some ask how the US, already trillions in debt can afford such huge bailouts and how they can continue to be able to provide hundreds of billions of dollars in liquidity to the US and world markets. Step forward Ben Bernanke the current Chairman of the Federal Reserve and his magic wand! In a speech given six years ago Bernanke revealed his secret weapons when he stated the following.

“Like gold, U.S. dollars have value only to the extent that they are strictly limited in supply. But the US government has a technology, called a printing press (or, today, its electronic equivalent), that allows it to produce as many U.S. dollars as it wishes at essentially no cost.".

With the fundamental condition of confidence now shot, the only things capitalist governments have at their disposal is their printing presses and electronic equivalents. Having bailed out Bear Stearns, AIG as well as Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae at the cost of hundreds of billions of dollars, all financed by either printed money or borrowed by issuing more treasury bills. Intent on stabilising the system in the short term at all costs, the impact on higher inflation and a devalued currency are completely ignored.