许多法学家认为，伊斯兰教中唯一被认可的财产义务是天课（zakah）。履行天课义务的人，其财产便得以清洁，除自愿之外，无需再支付其他任何款项。这是后世法学家中的主流观点。

Many jurists argue that the only financial due approved in Islam is zakah.1 Whoever fulfills the requirement of zakah will have his or her wealth purified, and need not pay anything else except voluntarily. This is the predominant view among the later generations of jurists.

1. 布哈里、穆斯林及其他人记载，塔勒哈说："一个来自内志的人来到安拉的使者（愿主福安之）那里。他头发蓬乱，声音很大，远处都能听见。直到他走近安拉的使者（愿主福安之）并开始询问他关于伊斯兰的事，人们才听清他在说什么。安拉的使者（愿主福安之）"

1. Al Bukhari, Muslim, and others report from Talhah, "A man from Najd came to the Messenger of God (p). His hair was uncombed, and his loud voice [was heard] from a distance. He does not even understand what he says, until he came close to the Messenger of God (p) and started asking him about Islam. The Messenger of God (p)

他说:"一天一夜五次拜功。"那人问:"除此之外我还要做别的吗?"先知说:"不必,除非你自愿多做。"神的使者(愿主赐他平安)接着说:"还有斋月的斋戒。"那人问:"除此之外我还要斋戒吗?"先知回答:"不必,除非你自愿多做……"然后先知提到了天课。那人问:"除此之外我还要缴纳别的吗?"先知说:"不必,除非你自愿多做。"那人转身离去,说:"我不会多做,也不会少做这些。"神的使者(愿主赐他平安)评论道:"如果他信守这个承诺,他就会成功。"或者说:"如果他信守这个承诺,他就会进入乐园。"2

said, 'Five prayers in the day and night' The man said 'Do I have to do more?' The Prophet said, 'No, unless you volunteer.' The Messenger of God (p) continued, 'And the fasting of Ramadan.' The man said, 'Do I have to fast other than this?' The Prophet answered, 'No, unless you volunteer . . .' and then the Prophet mentioned zakah. The man said, 'Do I have to pay anything else besides it? The Prophet said, 'No, unless you volunteer.' The man turned around and left saying, 'I shall not do anything more nor less than these.' The Messenger of God (p) commented, 'He will be successful if he honors this promise" or "he will enter the Garden if he honors this promise."2

2. 布哈里圣训集记载，艾布·胡莱赖（愿安拉喜悦他）说："一位贝都因阿拉伯人来到先知ﷺ那里……"

2. Al Bukhari reports from Abu Hurairah, "A bedouin Arab came to the Prophet (p)

"他说："请指引我一件事，只要我做了，就能进入乐园。"先知说："你要崇拜真主，不要以任何事物与祂并列，要礼拜所规定的拜功，要缴纳所规定的天课，要斋戒莱麦丹月。"那人说："以那掌握我灵魂的主起誓，我不会在这些之外再增加任何事。"那人离去后，真主的使者ﷺ说："谁想看一个乐园居民，就可以看看这个人。"在第一段圣训中，先知ﷺ说，除了天课之外，没有其他的功修是必须履行的。

and said, 'Guide me to something which if I do I shall enter the Garden. The Prophet said, 'Worship God and do not associate partners with Him whatsoever, and pray the obligated prayer, and fulfill the obligated zakah, and fast Ramadan.' The man said, 'By the name of He in Whose Hand is my soul, I shall not add anything to those.' When the man left, the Messenger of God (p) said, 'He who it pleases him to see a man who is among the dwellers of the Garden may look at this man.'" In the first saying, the Prophet (p) says that there is nothing obligatory except zakah.

这一段圣训明确表明了这一点。在这两则圣训中，两人都声明除了应尽的天课之外，他们不会再履行其他任何事项；先知（愿主福安之）接受了他们的声明，并说明这已足以进入乐园。如果除天课之外还有其他的财务义务，那么这两人在未履行那些义务之前，便不配进入乐园。

This saying is a clear text to this effect. In both sayings, the two men declare that they will perform nothing besides the obligatory zakah, and the Prophet (p) accepts that declaration and states that this is sufficient for entering the Garden. If there were other financial obligations besides zakah, these men would not deserve to enter the Garden unless those other obligations are fulfilled.

3. 提尔米兹提（Al Tirmidhi）引述艾布·胡莱赖（Abu Hurairah）的话说：“先知ﷺ说：‘如果你们缴纳了财产应付的天课，你们就已尽到了所有应尽的义务。’”3

3. Al Tirmidhi reports from Abu Hurairah, "The Prophet (p) said, 'If you pay the zakah due on your wealth you will have fulfilled all that is obligated on you.'"3

4. 阿尔·哈基姆从贾比尔处传述，先知ﷺ说："如果你们缴纳了财产的天课，你们就已经除去了它的祸害。"4

4. Al Hakim reports from Jabir that the Prophet (p) said, "If you pay the zakah on your wealth, you will have turned away its evil from you."4

5. 哈基姆（Al Hakim）引述乌姆·赛莱玛（Umm Salamah）的话说，她曾佩戴一些金饰作装饰。她问先知ﷺ："这算是囤积吗？"先知ﷺ回答："如果你缴纳了它应付的天课，那就不算囤积。"6 在这段圣训的某些版本中，先知ﷺ说："凡达到应纳天课的数额并已缴纳其应付天课的财物，都不算囤积。"这段圣训表明，《古兰经》对囤积的警告不适用于缴纳了财产天课的人，这间接意味着这类人不再有义务缴纳其他任何款项。此观点的一些支持者还引用了另一段圣训，据称先知ﷺ说："财产上除天课外别无其他义务。"7

5. Al Hakim reports from Umm Salamah that she used to wear some pieces of gold as ornaments. She asked the Prophet, "Is this hoarding?" He answered, "If you pay its due zakah, it is not like hoarding."5 In some versions of this saying, the Prophet says, "Anything that reaches the amount that is zakatable, and its due zakah is paid, is not hoarding."6 This saying indicates that the Qur'an's warning against hoarding does not apply to persons who pay zakah on their treasures, which indirectly means such individuals are not obligated to pay anything else. Some supporters of this view add another saying in which the Prophet (p) is reported to have said, "On wealth there are no dues except zakah."7

显然，前两段话是正确的。第三段话的isnad（传述链）薄弱。第四段话，依据最可接受的考证，被视为mawquf（即归于门徒的言论，未归于先知）。至于第五段话，其传述链存在被批评之处。“财产之上除天课外别无义务”这句话极其薄弱，毫无疑问是不可接受的，实际上是不正确、错误的。

It is obvious that the first two sayings are correct. The third saying has a weak chain, and the fourth one is considered nawquf [a statement of a Companion not attributed to the Prophet] according to the most acceptable scrutinization. As for the fifth saying, there is criticism of its chain. The saying "On wealth there are no dues except zakah" is very weak, and, without the slightest hesitation unacceptable. In fact, it is incorrect and wrong.

支持这一观点的人还主张，所有表明除天课之外还存在其他财务义务的经文，都可以被解释为仅指recommended性质的善功，而非义务。他们还声称，在天课被规定之前，各种其他财产义务确实是有约束力的；但当天课作为一项财务义务降示给先知ﷺ时，此前的一切义务便都被废除了。此外，他们还驳斥了蒂尔米濟（al Tirmidhi）所引的一段圣训，即法蒂玛·宾特·盖斯（Fatimah bint Qais）传述，先知ﷺ说："财产上除天课之外还有其他的义务。"8他们的理由是：蒂尔米濟本人将此段圣训评为弱（da'if）圣训，并且批评者也斥之为不可靠（不真实）的圣训。9

Supporters of this opinion also argue that all texts which indicate the existence of financial obligations besides zakah can be interpreted as references to mere desirability and not to obligation. They also claim that before zakah was mandated, different financial obligations were obligatory, but when zakah was revealed to the Prophet as a financial obligation, all previous dues were annulled. Additionally, they reject a report by al Tirmidhi from Fatimah bint Qais that the Prophet (p) said, "There are other dues on wealth besides zakah"8, on the ground, that al Tirmidhi himself grades it weak and it is decried as inauthentic by saying critics.9