(62) Mwanamke ambaye amefikia umri wa kubalehe, lakini ana haya mno kumwambia mtu yeyote, hivyo hafungi, lazima atubu na alipe siku alizokosa, pamoja na kumlisha maskini kwa kila siku, kama kafara ya kuchelewesha funga yake, ikiwa Ramadhani inayofuata itakuja na bado hajalipa siku hizo. Kisa chake ni kama cha mwanamke anayefunga siku za hedhi yake kwa sababu ya haya, na hazilipi baadaye.

(62) A woman who has reached the age of puberty, but is too shy to tell anyone, so she does not fast, has to repent and make up the days she has missed, as well as feeding a poor person for each day, as an act of expiation for delaying her fast, if the following Ramadaan comes and she has not yet made up those days. Her case is like that of a woman who fasts the days of her period out of shyness, and does not make them up later.

Ikiwa mwanamke hajui kwa uhakika ni siku ngapi amezikosa, basi afunge mpaka awe na uhakika wa kutosha kwamba amelipa siku alizokosa na kwamba hajalipa za Ramadhani zilizopita, na atoe kafara ya kuchelewesha kwa kila siku. Anaweza kufanya hivyo wakati huo huo wa kufunga au kando, kulingana na anachoweza kufanya (63). Mwanamke hapaswi kufunga – isipokuwa katika Ramadhani – ikiwa mumewe yupo bila ruhusa yake, lakini ikiwa yuko safarini basi haijalishi.

If a woman does not know exactly how many days she has missed, she should fast until she is fairly certain that she has made up the days she had missed and not made up from previous Ramadaans, and offer the expiation for delaying for each day. She can do this at the same time as fasting or separately, depending on what she is able to do (63) A woman should not fast – except during Ramadaan – if her husband is present without his permission, but if he is travelling then it does not matter.

(64) Wakati mwanamke aliye katika hedhi anapoona ule utokaji mweupe – ambao hutolewa na mji wa mimba baada ya hedhi kukamilika – ambao kwa huo mwanamke hujua kwamba sasa amekuwa taahir (safi), anapaswa kuwa na nia ya kufunga tangu usiku uliotangulia, kisha afunge. Ikiwa hana wakati anaojua kwamba amekuwa taahir, aweke kipande cha pamba au kitu kama hicho; ikitoka ikiwa safi, afunge. Lakini akianza kutokwa damu tena, aache kufunga, iwe damu hiyo ni mtiririko au ni doa tu, kwa sababu huvunja funga mradi inakuja wakati wa hedhi. (Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah, 10/154).

(64) When a menstruating woman sees the white substance – which is discharged by the uterus when the period is finished – by which a woman knows that she has now become taahir (pure), she should have the intention to fast from the night before and should fast. If she does not have a time when she knows she is taahir, she should insert a piece of cotton or something similar, and if it comes out clean, she should fast, and if she starts to bleed again, she should stop fasting, whether the blood is a flow or just spotting, because it breaks the fast as long as it comes at the time of the period. (Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah, 10/154).

Ikiwa damu ya hedhi itakoma hadi wakati wa Maghrib, na amefunga akiwa amekusudia tangu usiku uliotangulia, basi funga yake ni sahihi. Ikiwa mwanamke anahisi mwendo wa damu ya hedhi ndani yake, lakini damu hiyo haitoki hadi baada ya jua kuzama, basi funga yake ni sahihi, na hana haja ya kulipa siku hiyo baadaye.

If the cessation of bleeding continues until Maghrib, and she has fasted with the intention from the night before, then her fast is valid. If a woman feels the movement of menstrual blood inside her, but is does not come out until after the sun has set, her fast is valid and she does not have to make the day up later.

Ikiwa hedhi ya mwanamke au damu ya nifasi itakoma usiku, akaweka nia ya kufunga, kisha alfajiri ikafika kabla hajaweza kuoga ghusl, kwa mujibu wa wanazuoni wote funga yake ni sahihi. (al-Fath, 4/148)

If a woman’s period or post-natal bleeding ceases during the night, and she makes the intention to fast, but dawn comes before she is able to do ghusl, according to all the scholars her fast is valid. (al-Fath, 4/148)

(65) Ikiwa mwanamke anajua kwamba hedhi yake itakuja kesho, bado aendelee na nia yake na aendelee kufunga; asifungue saumu yake mpaka aone damu kweli. (66) Ni bora kwa mwanamke aliye katika hedhi kubaki katika hali yake ya kawaida na kukubali alilopangiwa na Allaah kwa kutotumia dawa yoyote ya kuzuia damu isitoke. Aridhike na kile Allaah anachokikubali kwake, yaani kufungua saumu wakati wa hedhi na kulipa siku hizo baadaye. Ndivyo walivyokuwa Mama wa Waumini na wanawake wa salaf. (Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah, 10/151). Zaidi ya hayo, kuna ushahidi wa kitabibu unaothibitisha kwamba mengi ya yanayotumiwa kuzuia damu kwa kweli ni hatari, na wanawake wengi wamepata matatizo ya hedhi kutokuwa ya kawaida kutokana na kuyatumia. Hata hivyo, ikiwa mwanamke atafanya hivyo na kutumia kitu cha kuzuia damu, kisha akafunga, hilo linaruhusiwa.

(65) If a woman knows that her period will come tomorrow, she should still continue her intention and keep fasting; she should not break her fast until she actually sees the blood. (66) It is better for a menstruating woman to remain natural and accept what Allaah has decreed for her by not taking any medication to prevent her from bleeding. She should be content with what Allaah accepts from her of breaking her fast during her period and making those days up later. This is how the Mothers of the Believers and the women of the salaf were. (Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah, 10/151). Moreover, there is medical evidence to prove that many of the things used to prevent bleeding are in fact harmful, and many women have suffered from irregular periods as a result of taking them. However, if a woman does that and takes something to stop the bleeding, then fasts, this is OK.

(67) Istihadha (damu isiyo ya hedhi inayotoka ukeni) haiathiri uhalali wa funga.

(67) Istihaadah (non-menstrual vaginal bleeding) does not have any effect on the validity of the fast.

(68) Ikiwa mwanamke mjamzito atatoa mimba na kiinitete kimeumbika au kina umbo linaloonekana la sehemu yoyote ya mwili, kama kichwa au mkono, basi damu yake ni nifaas; lakini ikiwa atatoa kitu kinachofanana na donge la damu (‘alaq) au kipande cha nyama kilichotafunwa ambacho hakina dalili zinazoonekana za binadamu, basi damu yake ni istihaadah, na anapaswa kufunga, akiweza, la sivyo anaweza kuvunja saumu yake na kuilipa baadaye. (Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah, 10/224). Atakapokuwa ametakasika baada ya kufanyiwa upasuaji wa kusafisha mfuko wa uzazi (D&C), anapaswa kufunga. Wanazuoni wamesema kwamba kiinitete huanza kuchukua umbo baada ya siku 80 za ujauzito.

(68) If a pregnant woman miscarries and the foetus is formed or has a discernible outline of any part of the body, such as a head or hand, then her blood is nifaas; if, however, she passes something that looks like a blood clot (‘alaq) or a chewed piece of meat that has no discernible human features, her bleeding is istihaadah and she has to fast, if she is able, otherwise she can break her fast and make it up later on. (Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah, 10/224). Once she becomes clean after having an operation to clean the womb (D&C), she should fast. The scholars stated that the embryo is considered to start taking shape after 80 days of pregnancy.

Ikiwa mwanamke atatwahiri kutoka nifasi kabla ya siku arobaini, afunge na afanye ghusl ili aweze kuswali. (al-Mughni ma’a al-Sharh al-Kabeer, 1/360). Ikiwa damu itarudi ndani ya siku arobaini baada ya kujifungua, aache kufunga, kwa sababu hii bado ni nifasi. Ikiwa damu itaendelea baada ya siku ya arobaini, afanye nia ya kufunga na afanye ghusl (kwa mujibu wa wanazuoni wengi), na damu yoyote inayozidi siku ya arobaini inachukuliwa kuwa istihaadhah (damu isiyo ya hedhi) – isipokuwa ikiwa inaangukia wakati wake wa kawaida wa hedhi, ambapo ni hayd (damu ya hedhi). Ikiwa mwanamke anayenyonyesha anafunga mchana na akaona doa la damu usiku, ingawa alikuwa ametwahiri mchana, funga yake bado ni sahihi. (Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah, 10/150)

If a woman becomes clean from nifaas before forty days, she should fast and do ghusl so that she can pray. (al-Mughni ma’a al-Sharh al-Kabeer, 1/360). If the bleeding resumes within forty days after the birth, she should stop fasting, because this is still nifaas. If the bleeding continues after the fortieth day, she should make the intention to fast and do ghusl (according to the majority of scholars), and any bleeding beyond the fortieth day is considered to be istihaadah (non-menstrual bleeding) – unless it coincides with the usual time of her period, in which case it is hayd (menstrual blood). If a breastfeeding woman fasts during the day and sees a spot of blood during the night, although she was clean during the day, her fast is still valid. (Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah, 10/150)

(69) Kwa maoni sahihi zaidi, mwanamke aliye mjamzito au anayenyonyesha anachukuliwa kama mgonjwa, hivyo anaruhusiwa kutofunga, na anapaswa tu kulipa siku alizokosa, iwe anaogopea nafsi yake au mtoto wake. Mtume ﷺ alisema: "Allah amemwondolea msafiri wajibu wa kufunga na sehemu ya sala, na amemwondolea mwanamke mjamzito na anayenyonyesha wajibu wa kufunga." (Imepokewa na al-Tirmidhi, 3/85; alisema ni hadith hasan). Iwapo mwanamke mjamzito atafunga na akapata damu kidogo, funga yake bado ni sahihi; hili halibatilishi funga yake kabisa. (Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa'imah, 10/225).

(69) According to the most correct opinion, a woman who is pregnant or breastfeeding is regarded as being like one who is ill, so she is permitted not to fast, and she only has to make up the days that she missed, whether she fears for herself or for her child. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Allaah has lifted the obligation of fasting and part of the prayer from the traveller, and He has lifted the obligation of fasting from the pregnant and breastfeeding woman.” (Reported by al-Tirmidhi, 3/85; he said (it is a) hasan hadeeth). If a pregnant woman fasts and experiences some bleeding, her fast is still valid; this does not affect her fast at all. (Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah, 10/225).

(70) Kwa mwanamke aliyewajibika kufunga, ikiwa mumewe atamwingilia kimwili wakati wa mchana katika Ramadhani kwa ridhaa yake, basi hukumu inayomhusu yeye inamhusu pia mwanamke. Lakini ikiwa atamlazimisha kufanya hivyo, basi mwanamke huyo ajitahidi kadiri awezavyo kumpinga, wala hana wajibu wa kutoa kafara. Ibn ‘Aqeel (Mwenyezi Mungu amrehemu) alisema: “Kwa mwanamume anayemwingilia mkewe wakati wa mchana katika Ramadhani wakati yeye amelala, mwanamke huyo hana wajibu wa kutoa kafara.” Lakini ili kuwa upande wa usalama, afunge siku hiyo baadaye. (Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (Mwenyezi Mungu amrehemu) alikuwa na maoni kwamba hili halibatilishi funga yake hata kidogo).

(70) In the case of a woman who is obliged to fast, if her husband has intercourse with her during the day in Ramadaan with her consent, then the ruling that applies to him also applies to her. If, however, he forces her to do that, she should do her best to resist him, and she does not have to offer expiation. Ibn ‘Aqeel (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: “In the case of a man who has intercourse with his wife during the day in Ramadaan whilst she is sleeping, she does not have to offer expiation.” But to be on the safe side, she should make up that fast later on. (Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allaah have mercy on him) was of the opinion that this did not invalidate her fast at all).

Mwanamke anayejua kwamba mumewe hawezi kujizuia anapaswa kujiweka mbali naye na asijipambe wakati wa mchana katika mwezi wa Ramadhani.

A woman who knows that her husband cannot control himself should keep away from him and not adorn herself during the day in Ramadaan.

Wanawake wanapaswa kulipa funga walizokosa katika Ramadhani, hata bila ujuzi wa waume zao. Ruhusa ya mume si sharti la kuwa funga ya lazima kwa mwanamke. Ikiwa mwanamke ameanza kufunga funga ya lazima, hana ruhusa ya kuivunja isipokuwa kwa sababu halali. Mume hana haki ya kumwamuru avunje funga anapolipa siku aliyoikosa; pia hana ruhusa ya kujamiiana naye wakati anapolipa funga aliyoikosa, na yeye hapaswi kumtii katika jambo hilo. (Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah, 10/353).

Women have to make up the fasts that they miss during Ramadaan, even without their husbands’ knowledge. It is not a condition for an obligatory fast for a woman to have the permission of her husband. If a woman starts to observe an obligatory fast, she is not allowed to break it except for a legitimate reason. Her husband is not permitted to order her to break her fast when she is making up a day that she has missed; he is not allowed to have intercourse with her when she is making up a missed fast, and she is not allowed to obey him in that regard. (Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah, 10/353).

Katika kesi ya saumu za hiari, mwanamke haruhusiwi kuanza saumu isiyo ya lazima wakati mumewe yuko nyumbani bila ruhusa yake, kwa sababu ya hadithi aliyoipokea Abu Hurayrah (Allah amridhie), kwamba Mtume ﷺ alisema: “Mwanamke asifunge saumu wakati mumewe yupo isipokuwa kwa ruhusa yake.” (Imepokewa na al-Bukhaari, 4793).

In the case of voluntary fasts, a woman is not permitted to start a non-obligatory fast when her husband is present without his permission, because of the hadeeth narrated by Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him), according to which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “No woman should fast when her husband is present except with his permission.” (Reported by al-Bukhaari, 4793).

Kwa kumalizia, haya ndiyo niliyoweza kuandika kuhusu masuala yanayohusu funga. Namwomba Allaah atusaidie kumkumbuka Yeye, kumshukuru na kumwabudu ipasavyo, na kuimaliza Ramadhani yetu kwa msamaha, na kutuokoa na Moto.

In conclusion, this is what I was able to write about issues concerning fasting. I ask Allaah to help us to remember Him, thank Him and worship Him properly, and to end our Ramadaan with forgiveness, and to save us from the Fire.

Mwenyezi Mungu ambariki Nabii wetu Muhammad ﷺ, pamoja na familia yake na Maswahaba wake, na awape amani.

May Allaah bless our Prophet Muhammad, and his family and companions, and grant them peace.