Mfumo wa kiuchumi wa Kibepari ni mfumo unaotegemea uhuru wa umiliki wa njia za uzalishaji. Hivyo, katika Ubepari, kila mtu binafsi au kikundi hutafuta kufikia maslahi binafsi, kuridhika au faida. Ubepari umejikita katika nguzo kuu zifuatazo:

The Capitalist economic system is a system based on the freedom of ownership of the means of production. Thereby in Capitalism, each individual or group seeks to achieve self-interest, satisfaction or profit. Capitalism is centered on the following main pillars:

1) Mali binafsi au uhuru wa mtu binafsi wa kumiliki 2) Maslahi binafsi au faida ambayo inachukuliwa kuwa nia kuu ya shughuli za kiuchumi 3) Soko la ushindani kwa uhuru wa kuingia na kutoka sokoni 4) Utaratibu wa soko unaotegemea ugavi na mahitaji, ambapo bei ni chombo cha kusawazisha 5) Nafasi ndogo ya dola katika masoko ya kiuchumi

1) Private property or individual freedom to possess 2) Self-interest or profit which is considered as the primary motive for economic activity 3) Competitive market by freedom to enter and exit the market 4) A market mechanism based on supply and demand, with price being a balancing tool 5) A limited role of a state in the economic markets.

Wachumi wa leo huuita mfumo wa kiuchumi ulioenea duniani kote, unaofuatwa na mataifa mengi ya Magharibi, kwa jina la ‘uchumi mchanganyiko.’ Maana yake ni uchumi unaochanganya soko huru kwa kiasi fulani na uingiliaji wa serikali katika soko kwa kiasi fulani. Hivyo unawapa watu binafsi na kampuni zinazoshiriki katika uchumi uhuru mpana kuhusu matumizi ya mtaji, uwekezaji na uzalishaji. Katika uchumi mchanganyiko hili linaambatana na uingiliaji wa serikali katika maeneo na hali fulani, ili kutoa ustawi wa jamii au kuzuia ukiritimba, kwa lengo la kudumisha usawa. Kwa mfano, bei katika ubepari hutazamwa kama mkono usioonekana unaoongoza soko. Hata hivyo, serikali inaweza kuingilia baadhi ya bidhaa, kama tumbaku, kwa kuweka kodi, ili kukatisha matumizi yake. Kinachotofautisha uchumi wa nchi zinazofuata ‘uchumi mchanganyiko’ ni kiwango cha uingiliaji wa serikali katika mambo ya kiuchumi.

Economists today call the economic system that is prevalent around the world, followed by most of the Western nations, by the term ‘mixed economy.’ It means that it is an economy that combines the free market in part and state intervention in the market in part. Thus it gives the individuals and companies engaged free rein in the economy with respect to usage of capital, investment and production. In the mixed economy this is accompanied by the intervention of the state in certain areas and situations, to provide social welfare or to prevent monopoly, in order to maintain balance. For instance, pricing in capitalism is regarding as the invisible hand that moves the market. However, the state may intervene in some of the goods, like tobacco, by imposing taxes, to discourage its consumption. What distinguishes the economies of states that follow the ‘mixed economy’ is the extent of the state intervention within economic affairs.

Kwa hiyo, mfumo wa kiuchumi wa Marekani, kwa mfano, unatofautiana kwa kiasi fulani na ule wa Ujerumani, Ufaransa, Japani na Uswidi. Hii ni licha ya mifumo yote hii kufuata kimsingi mfumo uleule, bila kujali kama ubepari wao unaitwa ubepari wa kiserikali, ubepari wa ustawi wa jamii, ubepari wa soko huria, ubepari unaosimamiwa, ubepari wa kisasa, au majina mengine. Kwa hiyo tofauti hizi hazizuii mifumo hiyo kuwa ubepari. Bara la Ulaya kwa ujumla huwa na usimamizi na udhibiti mkubwa juu ya masoko ya fedha, ilhali Marekani na Uingereza hupunguza kiwango cha uingiliaji huo wa serikali. Hata hivyo, hii haimaanishi kwamba bara la Ulaya si la kibepari.

Thus, the American economic model, for instance, differs to some extent from that of the German, French, Japanese and Swedish models. This is despite all of them inherently following the same system, regardless of their capitalism being called state capitalism, welfare capitalism, market capitalism, managed capitalism, modern capitalism, or others. So the variation does not negate them from being capitalism. Mainland Europe in general tends to exert oversight and control over financial markets, whilst the United States and the United Kingdom limit such state intervention. This, however, does not mean that mainland Europe is not capitalist.

Kwa hiyo, uchumi wa Magharibi kwa ujumla ni uchumi wa kibepari. Si ndani ya upeo wetu kujadili tofauti katika aina zake, ingawa tunajadili tofauti katika mfumo, ndani ya mfumo mmoja wa ubepari. Zaidi ya hayo, uingiliaji wa serikali wenyewe ndio kipimo cha kueleza mfumo wa kiuchumi kuwa uchumi mchanganyiko. Kwa hiyo uingiliaji wa serikali ni matokeo ya moja kwa moja ya Ubepari. Hii ni kwa sababu marekebisho ya sehemu yaliyoshuhudiwa katika nadharia za kiuchumi za kibepari, hasa katika nusu ya kwanza ya karne ya ishirini Miladi, kupitia nadharia ya Keynes, yalilenga kuhifadhi mwendelezo wa mfumo wa kibepari. Uingiliaji wa serikali katika baadhi ya mataifa ili kuratibu tabia ya kiuchumi, kuharakisha ukuaji na kutunga baadhi ya sheria zinazohusu usalama wa kijamii, ukosefu wa ajira na huduma za afya, ulitokana na kuibuka kwa harakati zenye nguvu za wafanyakazi zilizoathiriwa na fikra za kijamaa, ambazo zilidai haki zao. Hili pia lilikuwa matokeo ya misukosuko kadhaa ya kiuchumi, ikiwemo msukosuko wa mwaka 1929. Ubepari ulijaribiwa, na mashaka yakatupwa juu ya uhalali wake. Kulikuwa na mapitio ya kifedha, marekebisho na mabadiliko ya kiasi ili kuuokoa Ubepari wenyewe, na kuhakikisha mwendelezo wake. Licha ya hayo, uingiliaji wa serikali wenyewe umekuwa mada ya ukosoaji, baada ya kukamilika kwa mtazamo mpya, uliojulikana kama uliberali mamboleo mwishoni mwa karne ya ishirini Miladi. Marekebisho ya Keynes yalipitiwa upya na kukosolewa, yakitaka kupunguzwa kwa uingiliaji wa serikali na kuukomboa uchumi wa kibepari kutoka vikwazo vyote, kulingana na kanuni asili za kibepari.

Thus, the Western economy as a whole is a capitalist economy. It is not within our scope to discuss the difference in its types, although we discuss the difference in the model, within the single framework of capitalism. Moreover, the state intervention in itself is the measure by which to describe the economic system as a mixed economy. So state intervention is the direct result of the Capitalism. This is because the partial reformations witnessed by the capitalist economic theories, particularly in the first half of the twentieth century CE, through Keynesian theory, were to preserve the continuity of the capitalist system. State intervention in some nations to streamline economic behavior, accelerate growth and enact some laws related to social security, unemployment and healthcare, were due to the emergence of strong labor movements influenced by socialist thought, who demanded their rights. This was also the consequence of multiple economic crises including the 1929 crisis. Capitalism was put to test and doubts were cast over its validity. There were monetary reviews, reformations and partial adjustments to save Capitalism itself, to ensure its continuity. Despite that, state intervention has itself become the subject of criticism, after the crystallization of a new vision, called neo-liberalism at the end of twentieth century CE. Keynes’s revisions were reviewed and criticized, calling for curbing of state intervention and liberation of the capitalist economy from all constraints, in accordance with the original capitalist principles.

Hata hivyo, tuliamua kujenga ukosoaji wetu dhidi ya falsafa ya uchumi wa kibepari kwa kuzingatia misingi na kanuni ambazo umejengwa juu yake. Tunaliona mfumo wa kiuchumi wa mataifa ya Magharibi kwa ujumla kuwa ni uchumi wa kibepari, bila kujali tofauti zilizopo kati yao. Hii ni kwa sababu tunaona misingi na kanuni zinazofanana ndani ya kila uchumi. Misingi hiyo inahusu mtazamo wa uchumi wenyewe kwa upande wa kiini chake na lengo lake, mtazamo wa matatizo ya kiuchumi, na fasili za thamani, bidhaa na huduma. Misingi na kanuni hizi ni zilezile kote Magharibi. Hakuna tofauti ndani yake, wala hazijabadilika.

In any case, we chose to build our critique against the philosophy of capitalist economy based on the foundations and principles upon which it is built. We see the economic system of the Western nations as a whole as a capitalist economy, regardless of the differences between them. This is because we see shared foundations and principles within each economy. These extend to the view of the economy itself in terms of its essence and objective, the view of the economic problems and the definitions of values, goods and services. These foundations and principles are the same throughout the West. There is no difference within them nor have they changed.

Kuhusu ufisadi ndani ya mfumo huu wa kiuchumi wa kibepari, ni lazima tuzingatie mambo yafuatayo:

As for the corruption within this capitalist economic system, one must consider the following points: