Imam Ahmad (Allah amrehemee rehema) amesimulia katika Musnad yake: Nilisimuliwa na Yahya bin Bakir, baada ya Zuhair bin Muhammad, baada ya Musa bin Uqbah, baada ya Nafi, baada ya Abdullah bin Umar (Allah awaridhie), kwamba alimsikia Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ akisema: "Adam alipoteremshwa duniani, malaika walisema: Ee Mola wetu! {Je, utaweka humo wale watakaofanya ufisadi humo na kumwaga damu, ilhali sisi tunakutakasa kwa sifa na shukrani na tunakutukuza}. (Al-Baqarah, 30) Wakaendelea kusema: Mola wetu! Sisi tunakutii zaidi kuliko binadamu wanavyokutii. Allah Mtukufu aliwaambia: Chagueni malaika wawili miongoni mwenu washuke duniani. Malaika walisema: Ee Mola wetu! (Tumewachagua) Harut na Marut. Wakashuka duniani, ambapo ua lilijitokeza mbele yao kwa umbo la mwanamke mrembo kuliko wote duniani.
Narrated Imam Ahmed (May Allah rest his soul) in his Musnad: I was told by Yahya Ibn Bakir after Zuhair Ibn Muhammad after Musa Ibn Iubair after Nafi after `Abdullah Ibn `Umar (May Allah be pleased with them) that he heard Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) as saying: "When Adam (Peace be upon him) was put down on earth, the angels said: 0 Lord! {Will You place therein those who will make mischief therein and shed blood, -while we glorify You with praises and thanks and sanctify You}. (Al-Baqarah, 30) They continued: Our Lord! We obey You more than man does. Allah the Almighty said to them: Appoint two angels from amongst you to descend to earth. The angels said: Our Lord! (We chose) Harut and Marut. They went down to earth where the flower appeared to them in the form of the most beautiful woman on earth.
Waliomwomba amfanyie tendo la ndoa. Lakini yeye alisema: si kabla hamjakufuru Mwenyezi Mungu. Wao walikataa, naye akaondoka kwa muda. Kisha akarudi akiwa amembeba mtoto mikononi, nao wakamwomba mara ya pili.
They asked her to have sexual intercourse with them. But, she said: only after you disbelieve in Allah. They refused and she went away for a while. Then, she came back holding a child in her arms and they asked her for the second time.
Alisema: Kwanza lazima mumuue huyu kijana. Wao walikataa, naye akaondoka kwa muda kidogo, kisha akarudi akiwa ameshika glasi ya divai. Waliomba tena kwa mara ya tatu. Akasema: Kwanza lazima mnywe glasi hii ya divai. Wakanywa divai, wakazini naye, na hatimaye wakamuua kijana. Dhamiri zao zilipokuja kurudi, yule mwanamke akasema: Wallahi! Baada ya kunywa divai, mmefanya yale yote mliyokataa kuyafanya mwanzoni. Hapo wakapewa uchaguzi wa kuchagua kupokea adhabu ya dunia hii au ile ya Akhera.
She said: first, you must kill this boy. They refused to and she went away for a while and then, came back holding a glass of wine. They asked her for the third time. She said: First, you must drink this glass of wine. They drank the wine, committed adultery with her and finally killed the boy. When they restored their conscience, the woman said: By Allah! After you had drunk the wine, you committed all that which you refused to do at first. Thereupon, they were given the choice between receiving the torment of this like or that of the Hereafter.
...wamechagua ile ya maisha ya sasa." (Imepokewa na Imam Ahmad) Hadithi hiyo hiyo pia ilipokewa na Abu Hatim Ibn Hibban katika kitabu chake Sahih, kupitia Al-Hasan, kupitia Sufyan, kupitia Abu Bakr Ibn Abu Shaibah, kupitia Yahya Ibn Bakir. Hata hivyo, Hadithi hii ni "Ghariib" (isiyojulikana sana)3 kutoka katika mnyororo huu wa wapokezi.
They' chose that of the present life." (Narrated by Imam Ahmed) The same was narrated by Abu Hatim Ibn Hibban in his Sahih after Al-Hasan after Sufyan after Abu Bakr Ibn Abu Shaibah after Yahya Ibn Bakir. However, this Hadith is an Unfamiliar3 one from this Chain of Transmission.
Wapokezi wake wote ni waaminifu isipokuwa yule aliyeitwa Musa Ibn Iubair.
All its narrators are trustworthy but the one named Musa Ibn Iubair.
Muhimu Sana:
Very Important:
Wasomi wengi na wapokezi wa hadithi wamesimulia hadithi na masimulizi mbalimbali kuhusu kisa cha Harut na Marut, lakini maelezo yote waliyoyataja yanaweza kufuatiliwa hadi kwenye masimulizi ya Wana wa Israeli. Hata hivyo, hakuna hadithi wala simulizi hata moja inayoweza kufuatiliwa hadi kwa Nabii Muhammad ﷺ, yule asiyekosea, anayesema yasiyo kitu isipokuwa ukweli. Zaidi ya hayo, maandishi ya Qur'an Tukufu hayaelezi kisa hiki kwa undani, hivyo tunaamini yale yaliyotajwa katika Qur'an Tukufu kama yalivyo, bila kuongeza wala kupunguza. Mwisho, Allah ndiye Mjuzi zaidi! Allah Mtukufu anasema: {Lakini wala hawa wawili hawakufundisha mtu yeyote (mambo hayo) mpaka waseme, "Sisi ni mtihani tu, basi usikufuru (kwa kujifunza uchawi huu kutoka kwetu)"}, Ibn 'Abbas (Allah amridhie)
Many scholars and transmitters narrated various stories and narrations pertaining to the story of Harut and Marut, but all the details they mentioned could be traced down to the narrations made by the Children of Israel. However, there is not a single Hadith or Narration that can be traced down to Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him), the infallible one who says nothing but the truth. In addition, the text of the Glorious Qur'an does not relate this story in details, and thus we believe in what is mentioned in the Glorious Qur'an as it is without any increase or decrease. Finally, Allah knows best! Allah Almighty says: {But neither of these two taught anyone (such things) till they had said, "We are only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us) "}, Ibn 'Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him)
walikuwa wakiwaonya wowote aliyekuja kwao ili ajifunze uchawi na kumwambia: {Sisi ni mtihani tu, basi usikufuru (kwa kujifunza uchawi huu kutoka kwetu)}, kwamba walijua lililo jema, baya, imani na kufuru, hivyo walijua kwamba uchawi ni katika kufuru. Ibn 'Abbas (Mwenyezi Mungu amridhie)
said: they used to warn anyone who came to them to learn magic and say to him: {We are only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us)}, that they knew what is good, bad, belief and disbelief and thus they knew that magic is of disbelief. Ibn 'Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him)
Kisha, kama wangeweza kumzuia, waliwaambia aende mahali fulani kama hivyo. Huko angeweza kumpata Shetani anayemfundisha. Wakati huo huo mtu anapofundishwa uchawi, imani yake (inayoashiriwa kama nuru) hutoka mwilini mwake, na angeweza kuiona ikiruka angani. Hapo, angesema: ole wangu!
Zaidi ya hayo, Al-Hasan Al-Basri alisema: Malaika wawili walitumwa wakiwa na uchawi kuwafundisha watu kama mtihani kwao, na Allah aliwachukulia ahadi yao kwamba hawatamfundisha mtu yeyote {mpaka waseme, "Sisi ni mtihani tu, basi usikufuru (kwa kujifunza uchawi huu kutoka kwetu)"}. (Imesimuliwa na Ibn Abu Hatim)
continued: if they could not dissuade him, they told him to go to such and such place. There he could find Satan who teaches him. The same time one is taught magic, his belief (symbolized as light) gets out of his body and he could see it flying away in the sky. Upon this, he would say: woe to me! In addition: Al- Hasan Al-Basri said: the two angels were sent with magic to teach the people as a test for them and Allah took their covenant that they do not teach anybody {till they had said, "We are only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us)"}. (Narrated by Ibn Abu Hatim)
Imesimuliwa kutoka kwa Qatadah: Ahadi ilichukuliwa kutoka kwao kwamba wasimfundishe mtu yeyote mpaka waseme: {Sisi ni mtihani tu, basi usikufuru (kwa kujifunza uchawi huu kutoka kwetu)}. Zaidi ya hayo, As-Sadiy alisema: walikuwa wakimwonya mtu yeyote aliyekuja kwao ili ajifunze uchawi, na kumwambia: {Sisi ni mtihani tu, basi usikufuru (kwa kujifunza uchawi huu kutoka kwetu)}. Lakini, akiendelea kusisitiza, walimwambia: Nenda kwenye rundo hilo la majivu na "futa ndimu juu yake". Ikiwa mtu huyo ataenda na kufanya alichoamriwa, ataona nuru ikitoka katika majivu hayo na kuruka hadi ifike mbinguni - hakika, hii ni imani. Badala yake, kungetokea kitu cheusi kinachofanana na moshi na kuingia masikioni mwake na mwili wake wote - hakika, hii ni Ghadhabu ya Allah. Baada ya hapo, mtu huyo huwaeleza yaliyotokea, nao humfundisha uchawi. Hii ndiyo tafsiri ya kauli ya Allah: {Lakini wala hao wawili (malaika) hawakumfundisha mtu yeyote (mambo kama hayo) mpaka wamesema, "Sisi ni mtihani tu, basi usikufuru (kwa kujifunza uchawi huu kutoka kwetu)." Na kutoka kwa hawa (malaika) watu hujifunza yale wanayotenganisha kwayo kati ya mtu na mkewe, lakini hawawezi kumdhuru yeyote kwa njia hiyo isipokuwa kwa idhini ya Allah. Nao hujifunza yale yanayowadhuru wala hayawafai. Na hakika walijua kwamba anayeinunua (uchawi) hatakuwa na sehemu yoyote Akhera. Na ni mbaya kiasi gani walichojiuzia nafsi zao, lau wangalijua}.
Narrated Qatadah: The Covenant was taken from them that they don't teach anyone till they say: {We are only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us)}. Moreover, As-Sadiy said: they used to warn anyone who came to them to learn magic and say to him: {We are only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us)}. But, if he insisted, they would say: Go to that pile of ashes and "squeeze the lemon thereon". If the man goes and does what he was ordered, he would see a light coming out of that ashes and flies till it reaches the sky -verily, this is belief. Instead, there would come a black object that would look like smokes and enters his ears and the whole of his body -verily, this is Allah's Wrath. After that, the man tells them of what happened and they consequently teaches him magic. This is the interpretation of Allah's Saying: {But neither of these two (angels) taught anyone (such things) till they had said, "We are only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us)." And from these (angels) people learn that by which they cause separation between man and his wife, but they could not thus harm anyone except by Allah's Leave. And they learn that which harms them and profits them not. And indeed they knew that the buyers of it (magic) would have no share in the Hereafter. And how bad indeed was that for which they sold their own selves, if they but knew}.
Katika tafsiri ya Aya hii ya Qur'ani, Sunaid Ibn Hajjaj amesimulia baada ya Ibn Juraij kauli yake: hakuna yeyote anayefanya uchawi isipokuwa ni kafiri. Kuhusu neno "mtihani", linamaanisha jaribio na mateso. Baadhi ya wanazuoni wameona ushahidi wa maandishi katika Aya hii kwamba yeyote anayefanya uchawi, huwa kafiri.
In the interpretation of this Qur'anic Verse, Sunaid Ibn Hajjaj narrates after Ibn Juraij his saying: there is no one who practices magic but a disbeliever. As for the word "trial", it means a test and an ordeal. Some scholars found a textual proof in this Verse that whosoever practices magic; he becomes a disbeliever.
Hili linaungwa mkono na Hadithi ya Mtume iliyosimuliwa na Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bazzar, kutoka kwa Muhammad Ibn Al-Muthanna, kutoka kwa Mu'awiyah, kutoka kwa Al-A'mash, kutoka kwa Ibrahim, kutoka kwa Hammam, kwa mamlaka ya 'Abdullah aliyesema:
This is supported by the Prophetic Hadith that has been narrated by Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bazzar after Muhammad Ibn Al-Muthanna after Mu'awiyah after Al- A'mash after Ibrahim after Hammam on the authority of 'Abdullah as saying:
"Yeyote anayemwendea mtabiri au mchawi na akaamini yale anayosema: atakuwa amekufuru yale yaliyoteremshwa kwa Muhammad ﷺ."
(Hadithi Sahihi)
"Whosoever attends himself to (or comes to) a soothsayer or a magician and believes in what he says: he will become a disbeliever in what has been sent to Muhammad (Peace be upon him) ". (An Authentic Hadith)
Allah Mtukufu asema: {Na kutoka kwa hawa (Malaika) watu hujifunza yale ambayo kwayo wao huleta utengano kati ya mtu na mkewe}, yaani, watu hujifunza kutoka kwa Harut na Marut uchawi ambao kwao wao huleta utengano kati ya mtu na mkewe, ingawa (mume na mke) wana aina fulani ya mapenzi na shauku baina yao. Hili husababishwa na hila za mashetani, kama ilivyopokelewa katika Sahihi ya Imam Muslim kutoka kwa Hadithi aliyoipokea Jabir bin 'Abdullah, kwamba Mtume ﷺ alisema: "Iblisi huweka kiti chake juu ya maji; kisha hutuma vikosi (kwa ajili ya kuleta fitina); aliye karibu zaidi naye kwa cheo ni yule aliye maarufu zaidi kwa kuleta fitina. Mmoja wao huja na kusema: Nimefanya kadhaa na kadhaa. Naye husema: Hujafanya chochote. Kisha mmoja miongoni mwao huja na kusema: Sikumwacha fulani hadi nilipopanda mbegu ya mfarakano kati ya mume na mke. Shetani humkaribia na kusema: 'Umefanya vizuri."
Allah the Almighty says: {And from these (angels) people learn that by which they cause separation between man and his wife}, i.e. the people learns from Harut and Marut the magic by which they cause separation between man and his wife though they (the man and his wife) have some kind of affinity and passion. This is caused by cunning of the devils as transmitted in Imam Muslim's Sahih from the Hadith narrated by Jabir Ibn 'Abdullah that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) says: "Iblis places his throne upon water; he then sends detachments (for creating dissension); the nearer to him in rank are those who are most notorious in creating dissension. One of them comes and says: I did so and so. And he says: You have done nothing. Then one amongst them comes and says: I did not spare so and so until I sowed the seed of discord between a husband and a wife. The Satan goes near him and says: 'You have done well.
Al-A'mash alisema: "Kisha humkumbatia." Ugomvi kati ya mume na mke unaweza kusababishwa kwa uchawi kwa kuwa shetani humfanya kila mmoja wao awaze jambo baya kuhusu mwenzake—mtazamo, mwenendo, n.k.
"Al-A'mash said: "He then embraces him." The dissension between a husband and his wife can be created through magic in that the devil let each one of them imagine something bad -a view, or manner, etc. -about the other.
Mwenyezi Mungu Mtukufu anasema: {Lakini hawawezi kumdhuru yeyote isipokuwa kwa idhini ya Mwenyezi Mungu}. Abu Sufyan Ath-Thawri alisema: hawawezi kumdhuru yeyote isipokuwa kwa qadari ya Mwenyezi Mungu. Aidha, Muhammad Ibn Ishaq alisema: hawawezi kumdhuru yeyote isipokuwa pale Mwenyezi Mungu atakapowawezesha kufanya hivyo.
Allah the Almighty says: {But they could not thus harm anyone except by Allah's Leave}, Abu Sufyan Ath-Thawri said: they could not thus harm anyone except by Allah's Decree. In addition, Muhammad Ibn Ishaq said: they could not thus harm anyone except in case Allah enables them to do so.
Al-Hasan Al-Basri (Mwenyezi Mungu amridhie) alisema: {Lakini hawawezi kumdhuru yeyote isipokuwa kwa idhini ya Mwenyezi Mungu}, yaani, yeyote ambaye Mwenyezi Mungu anataka aathirike, ataathirika. Na yeyote ambaye Mwenyezi Mungu hataki aathirike, hataathirika. Zaidi ya hayo, hawawezi kumdhuru yeyote isipokuwa kwa idhini na qadari ya Mwenyezi Mungu.
Al-Hasan Al-Basri (May Allah be pleased with him) said: {But they could not thus harm anyone except by Allah's Leave}, i.e. whomsoever Allah wants to be affected, he will be affected. And, whomsoever Allah does not want to be affected, he will not be affected. In addition, they cannot harm anyone except by Allah's Leave and Decree.
Mwenyezi Mungu Mtukufu anasema: {Na wanajifunza yale yanayowadhuru wala hayawafai}, yaani wanajifunza yale yanayodhuru dini yao na imani yao na wala hayawafai. Mwenyezi Mungu anasema: {Na kwa yakini walijua kwamba anayeinunua (uchawi) hatakuwa na sehemu yoyote Akhera}, yaani Mayahudi waliochukua uchawi badala ya kumfuata Mtume Muhammad ﷺ walijua kwamba yeyote atakayefanya kama walivyofanya wao, hatakuwa na sehemu yoyote Akhera. Mwenyezi Mungu Mtukufu anasema: {Na ni mbaya kabisa waliyojiuzia nafsi zao, lau kama wangalijua. Na lau kama wangeamini na kujikinga na maovu na kumcha Mwenyezi Mungu, thawabu kutoka kwa Mola wao ingalikuwa bora zaidi, lau kama wangalijua!}, kwamba walichukua uchawi badala ya kumfuata Mtume Muhammad ﷺ. {Lau kama wangeamini na kujikinga na maovu na kumcha Mwenyezi Mungu, thawabu kutoka kwa Mola wao ingalikuwa bora zaidi}, yaani kama wangemwamini Mwenyezi Mungu na Mitume Wake wasingevunja Mipaka Yake, wangepata thawabu bora zaidi kutoka kwa Mwenyezi Mungu Mtukufu. Hili linaendana na Kauli ya Mwenyezi Mungu isemayo: {Lakini wale waliopewa elimu (ya dini) walisema: "Ole wenu! Thawabu ya Mwenyezi Mungu (Akhera) ni bora kwa wale wanaoamini na kutenda mema, na hayapewi haya isipokuwa wale walio Asabirun (wenye subira katika kufuata haki)"}. (Al-Qasas, 80)
Allah the Almighty says: {And they learn that which harms them and profits them not}, i.e. they learn that which harms their religion and faith and profits them not. Allah says: {And indeed they knew that the buyers of it (magic) would have no share in the Hereafter}, i.e. the Jews who took magic instead of following Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) knew that anyone who did as what they have done, he would have not share in the Hereafter. Allah Almighty says: {And how bad indeed was that for which they sold their own selves, if they but knew. And if they had believed and guarded themselves from evil and kept their duty to Allah, far better would have been the reward from their Lord, if they but knew!}, that they took magic instead of following Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him), {And if they had believed and guarded themselves from evil and kept their duty to Allah, far better would have been the reward from their Lord} , i. e. if they had believed in Allah and His Messengers and did not violate His Boundaries, they would have received a far better reward from Allah Almighty. This is compatible with Allah's Saying that reads: {But those who had been given (religious) knowledge said: "Woe to you! The Reward of Allah (in the Hereafter) is better for those who believe and do righteous good deeds, and this none shall attain except those who are As Sabirun (the patient in following the truth) "}. (Al-Qasas, 80)
Baadhi ya wanazuoni waliona kuwa kuna dalili ya kimaandiko kwamba mchawi ni kafiri, katika Aya ya Qur'ani isemayo: {Na lau wangeliamini na kumcha Mungu (Allah)}. Wanazuoni wengine waliona kuwa mchawi si kafiri, lakini shingo yake lazima ikatwe.
Amr Ibn Dinar alisimulia kutoka kwa Bajalah Ibn Abdah kwamba alisema: Umar Ibn al-Khattab alitoa amri kwamba kila mchawi na mchawi wa kike auawe. Basi wakawaua wachawi watatu. Aidha, ni kweli kwamba Mama wa Waumini, Hafsah, alirogwa na mjakazi. Kwa hiyo Hafsah akaamuru auawe.
Zaidi ya hayo, Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal alisema: imepokewa kutoka kwa masahaba watatu wa Mtume ﷺ kwamba mchawi lazima auawe. Pia, at-Tirmidhi alisimulia kutoka kwa Isma'il Ibn Muslim, kutoka kwa al-Hasan, kutoka kwa Jundub al-Azdi, akisema: Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ alisema: "Adhabu iliyowekwa kwa mchawi ni pigo la upanga."
Imepokewa kwamba al-Walid Ibn Uqbah alikuwa na mchawi aliyekuwa akifanya maonyesho mbele yake. Alikuwa akimkata mtu kichwa, kisha anakiita kirudi mahali pake sahihi. Watu wakasema: Subhanallah! Mchawi anawafufua wafu. Hata hivyo, mtu mmoja kutoka miongoni mwa wahamiaji wacha Mungu alimwona na akakusudia jambo fulani. Siku iliyofuata alikuja na kumkata kichwa mchawi, akisema: kama yeye ni mkweli, basi aweze kujifufua mwenyewe! Kisha akasoma kauli ya Allah isemayo:
Some scholars found textual proof that a magician is a disbeliever in the Qur'anic Verse that reads: {And if they had believed and guarded themselves from evil and kept their duty to Allah}. Other scholars viewed that a magician is not a disbeliever, but his neck must be cut off. `Amr Ibn Dianr narrated from Bajabla Ibn `Abdah as saying: `Umar Ibn Al-Khattab ordered every magician and witch to be killed. Thereupon, they killed three witches. In addition, it is true that the Mother of the Faithful, Hafsah was bewitched by a maid. Consequently, Hafsah ordered that she had to be killed. Moreover, Imam Ahmed Ibn Hanbal said: it was transmitted from three of the Prophet's Companions that a magician must be killed. Besides, At-Tirmidhi narrated from Isma'il Ibn Muslim after Al-Hasan after Jundub Al-Azdi as saying: Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) says: "The Prescribed Penalty set for a magician is a blow with the sword.” It was narrated that Al-Walid Ibn 'Uqbah had a magician who used to make shows before him. He used to cut off a man's head, then calls it to get back to its proper place. The people said: Glory be to Allah! The magician revives the dead. However, a man from the pious migrants saw him and intended something. The next day he came and cut the magician's head and said: if he is truthful, he can revive himself! And, he recited Allah's Statement that reads:
{Je, mtakubali uchawi mnapouona?} (Al-Anbiya', 4). Kwa hiyo, Al-Walid alighadhibika kwa sababu muhajiri hakuomba ruhusa yake kwanza (ya kumuua mchawi); akamfunga gerezani kwa muda, kisha akamwachilia. Allah ndiye Mjuzi zaidi! Imam Abu Bakr Al-Khallal alisema: Mmoja wa wakuu alikuwa na mchawi anayeonyesha uchawi wake, siku moja Jundub alikuja akamuua, akisema:
{Will you submit to magic while you see it}. (Al-Anbiya', 4) Consequently, Al-Walid raged because the migrant did not ask for his permission first (to kill the magician), he imprisoned him for a while, then set him free. Allah knows best! Imam Abu Bakr Al-Khallal said: One of the princes used to have a magician who makes shows of his magic and one day Jundub came and killed him saying:
Ninaamini kwamba alikuwa mchawi.
I believe he was a magician.