当传教士成功在伊斯兰国建立起他们的据点后,他们便开始寻找机会煽动伊斯兰国的民众。易卜拉欣帕夏撤出沙姆地区时,这样的机会便出现了。他的撤离在民众中引起了动荡和恐惧,随之爆发的混乱使他们分裂。外国使节,尤其是传教士,抓住这一机会,开始挑起内乱。传教士之所以能够采取这种背信弃义的行动,是因为他们知道当时奥斯曼国家在沙姆的影响力很小。 仅仅一年之后,即1841年,黎巴嫩山区的基督徒与德鲁兹派之间爆发了严重的冲突。局势不断恶化,在外国势力的压力和影响下,奥斯曼哈里发国被说服为黎巴嫩设计了一套独立的统治制度,将该省分为两部分:一部分由基督徒占据,另一部分则由德鲁兹派占据。奥斯曼哈里发国任命一位瓦利(总督)统辖两部分,意图借此避免两个教派之间的冲突。然而,这一制度并未成功。

Once the missionaries had succeeded in establishing their centres in the Islamic State, they began to look for opportunities of agitating the citizens of the Islamic State. One such opportunity presented itself when Ibrahim Pasha retreated from al-Sham. His move created unrest and fear amongst the people and the anarchy that broke out divided them. The foreign delegates, especially the missionaries, seized the opportunity and began igniting civil strife. The missionaries were able to take such a treacherous action because they knew that the ‘Uthmani State had little influence in al-Sham at that time. After a period of just one year, in 1841, serious disturbances broke out in the mountains of Lebanon between the Christians and the Druze. The situation deteriorated and under the pressure and influence of the foreign states the ‘Uthmani Khilafah was persuaded to design a separate ruling system for Lebanon, dividing the province into two parts; one part would be occupied by the Christians, while the Druze would occupy the other. The ‘Uthmani Khilafah appointed a wali (governor) over both parts, aiming therefore to avoid any clashes between the two sects. This system did not succeed.

英国和法国也卷入了这场争端，每当官方当局试图平息动乱时，它们便在各地煽动内乱。

Britain and France became involved in the dispute and incited civil strife wherever the official authorities attempted to quell trouble.

这些冲突被英国和法国当作干涉黎巴嫩事务的借口。法国支持马龙派，英国支持德鲁兹派，导致骚乱于1845年再度爆发。袭击范围扩大到教堂和修道院。盗窃、杀戮和劫掠成为普遍现象，促使奥斯曼政府派遣其外交事务督察前往黎巴嫩，利用其法定权力一劳永逸地平息动乱。然而，他未能取得任何实质性成果，尽管他设法稍稍缓和了紧张局势。与此同时，传教士加紧活动，1857年马龙派开始呼吁革命和武装斗争。马龙派教士煽动农民反对封建领主，并在该国北部对他们发动猛烈攻击，于是革命爆发并蔓延至南部。基督教农民随即起来反抗德鲁兹派封建领主，英国和法国则分别支持各自的盟友。内战因此迅速蔓延至整个黎巴嫩。德鲁兹人开始不分青红皂白地杀害所有基督徒，无论是教士还是普通民众。这场内战导致一万多名基督徒死亡，还有更多人流离失所或无家可归。

These clashes were used as an excuse by the British and the French to interfere in Lebanon’s affairs. The French sided with the Maronites and the British sided with the Druze, leading to the renewal of disturbances in 1845. The attacks were extended to include churches and monasteries. Theft, killing and pillage became common practice, prompting the ‘Uthmani government to send her foreign affairs inspector to Lebanon in order to use his mandatory powers to quell the trouble once and for all. He, however, could not achieve anything significant, although he managed to reduce the tension a little. Meanwhile, the missionaries intensified their activities and in 1857 the Maronites began calling for revolution and armed struggle. The Maronite clergy incited the farmers against the feudal lords and attacked them fiercely in the North of the country, thus the revolution was ignited and it spread to the South. The Christian farmers now rose against the Druze feudal lords and the British and the French backed their respective allies. Civil strife rapidly spread all over Lebanon as a result of this. The Druze began to kill all Christians indiscriminately, whether they were clergy or ordinary people. This civil strife led to the death of over ten thousand Christians, and many more were either displaced or became homeless.

黎巴嫩地区的内乱蔓延到了沙姆其他地区。在大马士革，穆斯林与基督徒居民之间展开了一场激烈而深刻的仇恨运动，最终导致穆斯林于1860年袭击了基督徒聚居区。

The civil strife in the area of Lebanon spilled over to rest of al-Sham. In Damascus a fierce campaign of deep hatred was waged between its Muslim and Christian inhabitants which finally led to the Muslims attacking the Christian district in 1860

这导致他们犯下了大屠杀。随之而来的是抢劫和大规模破坏，直到国家不得不出兵干预，才终结了这场动乱。尽管国家成功恢复了平静与秩序，西方国家却将此视为干涉沙姆地区的良机，于是派遣战舰驶向其海岸。1860年8月，法国派出一支本国陆军师团抵达贝鲁特，着手镇压这场革命。

resulting in them committing a massacre. This was accompanied by pillaging and mass destruction until the State was forced to intervene militarily in order to put an end to the disturbances. Although the State managed to restore calm and order, the Western countries saw it as an opportunity to interfere in al-Sham and so they dispatched their warships to its shores. In August 1860 France sent a division of her territorial army to Beirut which began the task of quashing the revolution.

这就是奥斯曼国家在叙利亚和黎巴嫩遭受内乱侵扰的经过。其真正原因在于西方国家试图干涉奥斯曼哈里发的内政。他们这样做了，并成功迫使奥斯曼国家为叙利亚设计一套特殊的统治制度，将其划分为两个省，并赋予黎巴嫩特殊的待遇。由于这些事件，黎巴嫩与大沙姆其他地区分离，获得了地方自治，由一个基督教徒统治者领导的地方行政机构管理，并由代表当地居民的行政委员会协助。从那时起，外国便插手管理黎巴嫩的事务，并将其变成了它们开展活动的中心。因此，黎巴嫩成为了外国势力渗入奥斯曼国家腹地和穆斯林土地的桥头堡。

This was how the ‘Uthmani State was infested by civil strife in Syria and Lebanon. Its true cause was the Western states who were trying to meddle in the internal affairs of the ‘Uthmani Khilafah. This they did and they managed to force the ‘Uthmani State to design a special ruling system for Syria, dividing her into two provinces and giving Lebanon special privileges. From out of these events Lebanon became separated from the rest of al-Sham and it was granted local autonomy, governed by a local administration headed by a Christian ruler and assisted by an administrative council representing the local residents. Since then, foreign countries have managed the affairs of Lebanon and have made it the centre for their activities. Lebanon therefore became the bridgehead from which the foreign powers infiltrated into the heart of the ‘Uthmani State and Muslim land.