5 方法
5 The Method
"你们确已从安拉的使者身上获得了最好的榜样ﷺ。"
“Verily in the Messenger of Allah (saw) you have the finest example”
政党的建立
The establishment of Political Parties
安拉(SWT)在《古兰经》中说:
Allah (swt) states in the Qur’an,
“你们当中应当有一群人,号召向善(伊斯兰),命人行善,禁人作恶,这些人就是成功者。”(《古兰经》阿al-伊姆兰章,第104节)
“Let there arise from amongst you a group that calls to the Khayr (Islam), Enjoins that which is Ma’roof (right) and forbids that which is Munkar (wrong), and they are the ones who have attained Success”. (TMQ al-e-Imran, verse 104)
安拉(swt)呼吁从你们中间(minkum)产生另一个乌玛(Ummah),即一群类似乌玛、但存在于乌玛之内的人。这里的"从中"(minkum)是一种分称表达(Tab'eed),表示乌玛中的一个群体或部分。它说明了这一群体的特质:他们与乌玛一样受到约束,但其职责是禁止恶行(Munkar)、倡导善行(Ma'roof),并号召行善(Khayr),即伊斯兰的全部。
Allah (swt) calls for there to arise from amongst the Ummah (minkum) another Ummah i.e. another band of people like the Ummah but within the Ummah as it is a partative expression (Tabaeed) which indicates a block or section of the Ummah. It identifies the qualities of this block as being bound like the Ummah is bound but upon the forbidding of the Munkar and the enjoining of Ma’roof and the calling to the Khayr i.e. the whole of Islam.
同样,任何一个Jama'ah(团体)都需要一位Amir(领导者),正如先知(saw)在一段圣训中所说:"如果你们三人身处世界的任何地方,就应当从中推选一人为Amir。"因此,这一团体需要有一个结构才能真正存在,同时也需要对Ma'roof(善)与Munkar(恶)有所理解。
Similarly any Jama’ah (group) would require an Amir as the Prophet (saw) stated in one Hadith, “If there are three of you in any part of the world appoint one of you an Amir”. Hence, this group would need to have a structure so that it can actually exist, as well as an understanding of Ma’roof and Munkar.
然而,倡导善行、禁止恶行的建立与维持,在实践中只能通过国家来实现,别无他法。伊玛目古尔图比在其《古兰经释义》中指出,只有苏丹有能力通过设立刑罚(Hudood)、借助权威的框架来推行善行并铲除恶行(伊玛目古尔图比《古兰经教律总汇》第4卷第47页)。这是因为真主(SWT)说:
However, the establishment and maintenance of the Ma’roof and the Munkar can only be practically carried out through the State and it is impossible to do otherwise. Imam Qurtubi in his Tafseer has pointed out that only the Sultan has the ability of executing the Ma’roof and removing the Munkar by establishing the Hudood and through the framework of authority (Imam Qurtubi Jami’u Ahkam ul Qur’an vol. 4 page 47). This is because Allah (swt) states,
“那些人,当我们使他们在大地上掌权时,他们会建立拜功、交纳天课,命人行善,禁人作恶;万事的归宿都在真主那里。”(古兰经 朝觐章,第41节)
“Those who when we establish them (in authority) in the earth they establish the Salah, collect the Zakah, enjoin all that is Ma’roof and forbid all that is Munkar, and to Allah belongs the return of all matters”. (TMQ al-Hajj, verse 41)
因此,该政党的工作主要在于确保社会中确立善行(Ma'roof),并消除恶行(Munkar),也就是说,这样一个政党的工作是政治性的,即监督国家是否履行其职责,并通过Da'awah(宣教)和Jihad(圣战)将伊斯兰的呼吁传达给世界其他地方。然而,今天的情况是,由于伊斯兰的缺席,几乎所有的善行都已被消除,而几乎所有的恶行之所以存在,是因为缺少一个实施伊斯兰教法的国家。
Hence the work of this party is primarily concerned with ensuring that the Ma’roof are established in the society and the Munkar removed i.e. the work of such a Party is political and is of accounting the State to monitor that it is fulfilling it’s duties and carrying the call to Islam to the rest of the world through Da’awah and Jihad. Today’s situation is, however, that almost all the Ma’roof have been removed due to the absence of Islam and almost all the Munkar exist due to the absence of the state that implements Islam.
我们已将乌玛(穆斯林共同体)的首要大事界定为:通过重建哈里发制度,使其土地重新统一,并以伊斯兰统治其土地。
We have defined the vital issue of the Ummah as the re-unification of her lands and the ruling of her lands by Islam through the restoration of the Khilafah.
根除一切恶行的根本之恶,在于消除不信(Kufr)及其制度;而使一切缺失的善行得以恢复的根本之善,则是建立哈里发制度(Khilafah)。整个伊斯兰教即是哈里发:它将在生活的各个方面重新确立伊斯兰,并把伊斯兰的宣教(Da'awah)传播到世界其他地方。
The root Munkar by which all the Munkar will be removed is the removal of Kufr and the Kufr systems, and the Mar’oof which will bring back every Ma’roof absent and the whole Deen of Islam is the Khilafah which would re-establish Islam in all walks of life and carry the Da’awah of Islam to the rest of the world.
因此,政党的工作是重建这一哈里发国,并将伊斯兰的宣教(Da'wah)传播到世界其他地方。它需要采取一切必要步骤以恢复哈里发国。例如,它必须熟知伊斯兰所确立的统治、经济、社会和教育制度及政策的细节,因为没有这些,它将无力恢复哈里发国。它还必须在理解上形成统一的结构,否则它将永远无法作为一个政党集体运作。
Hence the work of the political party is to re-establish this Khilafah and carry the Da’awah of Islam to the rest of the world. It would need to take all the necessary steps in order to resume the Khilafah. So, for example, it must be acquainted with the details of the ruling, economic, social and educational systems and policies that Islam has laid down for without them it would be incapable of resuming the Khilafah. It would also have to be unified in understanding as a structure, otherwise it would never be able to work collectively as a Party.
这是基于伊斯兰教法的原则(Qaa’idah):"完成某项义务所必需的事物,本身也是义务。"现在的问题是:这个政党的方法论是什么,以及它将如何努力重建哈里发制度。
This is based upon the Qaa’idah (principle) in Shari’ah ‘That which is necessary to achieve an obligation is in itself an obligation’. The question now arises as to the methodology of this political party and how it would be able to work to re-establish the Khilafah.