书籍是知识的工具。先贤们在对待书籍时拥有最好、最完备的礼仪，并竭尽所能地收集书籍。

Books are the instruments of knowledge, and the Salaf would have the best and most complete manners when dealing with their books, and they would exert all the effort they could in collecting them.

作为一名求知者，应当努力收集和搜集所需的书籍，无论是通过购买、租借还是借阅。书籍是他求学的工具，他不应将自己在知识与理解上的收获仅限于收集和搜集书籍，正如许多自称精通教法学和圣训学的人所做的那样。那位说过下面这句话的人，真是高明：

“As a student of knowledge, one should strive to collect and gather the books that he needs, whether by purchasing, renting, or borrowing them. They are the instruments by which he learns, and he shouldn’t limit his share of knowledge and understanding to merely collecting and gathering them, as is the case with many of those who ascribe themselves to Fiqh and Hadith. And how excellent is the one who said:

如果你不是一个记忆力敏锐的人，那么你的藏书就没有什么益处…… 鼓励将书借给那些不会损坏书籍的人。尽管一些学者劝阻这样做，但人仍应这样做，因为这是一种彼此帮助获取知识的方式，并且考虑到借书的美德与回报。

If you are not a sharp memorizer * Then your collection of books is of no benefit… It is encouraged to lend your books out to those who will not damage them. Although a group of the scholars discouraged this, one should still do it since it is a form of assisting each other in gaining knowledge, and considering the virtue and reward of lending out books.

借书者应当感谢出借人，并以善待回报他。他不应在没有需要的情况下长时间留着这本书；相反，如果他已经获得了所需的内容，就应当把书还给对方；如果出借人索回，则不应继续把书存放在自己手中。未经书主许可，他不得在书中添加脚注，也不得在序言或结语附近书写任何内容，除非书主同意。他不应把书再借给他人，除非有必要，也不应把书交给别人保管。

The borrower should thank the lender and reward him with good, and he shouldn’t keep the book with him for too long without a need for it. Rather, he should return it to him if he has obtained what he needs from it, and should not keep it stored with him if the owner requests it. He is not allowed to add footnotes to the book without the permission of the owner, nor is he allowed to write anything near the introduction or conclusion unless the owner approves. He should not lend it out to anyone else, and should not leave it with anyone else unless there is a need to do so.

“如果他想抄录其中的一部分或全部，就不应在书页上或书中间书写。也不应将打开的笔放在书上，也不应用笔在书页上划过。”151

If he wants to copy a portion or all of it, he shouldn’t write while the paper is on or in the book. He shouldn’t leave an open pen on it, and he shouldn’t run a pen over the pages of the book.”151

而阿尔-赫推布(愿安拉怜悯他)转述道:瓦基尔说:"圣训的第一项恩惠,就是你把自己的书借给别人。"苏夫扬·阿萨-Thawri说:"谁吝于分享自己的知识,就会遭受三种考验之一:他会遗忘而无法记住,或者他不会从中受益,或者他会发现自己的书籍逐渐丢失。"借用者若把书从主人那里长期留下,是被厌恶的,他必须尽快将书归还给主人……优努斯转述说,亚济德告诉他,阿尔-祖赫里说:"优努斯啊,你要提防书籍的背信。"于是优努斯问:"书籍的背信是什么?"他说:"就是你把书从主人那里留下不还。"阿尔-福达伊勒·本·伊亚德(愿安拉怜悯他)说:"把别人的听课笔记和书籍一直留在自己身边,这不是谨慎之人或学者的行为。"

And al-Khatib (may Allah have Mercy on him) reported that Waki’ said: “The first blessing of Hadith is that you lend out your books.” Sufyan ath-Thawri said: “Whoever is stingy with his knowledge will be tested with one of three things: he will forget and be unable to memorize, or he will not benefit from it, or he will find himself losing his books.” And it is disliked for the borrower to keep books from their owners, and he must return them to their owners as quickly as possible… Yunus narrated that Yazid said to him that az-Zuhri said: “O Yunus, beware of the treachery of books.” So, Yunus asked: “And what is the treachery of books?” He said: “That you keep them from their owners.” al-Fudayl bin ‘Iyad (may Allah have Mercy on him) said: “It is not from the actions of the cautious or the scholar that you take a man’s hearing and books and keep them with you.

“凡如此行的人，便是亏害了自己。”他们中有不少人因为这种扣留他人书籍、不归还书主的现象，而不愿出借自己的书。苏福延（愿安拉怜悯他）说：“不要把你的任何书借给任何人。”ar-Rabi' bin Sulayman说：“al-Buiti写信给我说：”

Whoever does this has wronged himself.” And a number of them refrained from lending out their books because of this phenomenon of keeping books from their owners, as Sufyan (may Allah have Mercy on him) said: “Do not lend anyone any of your books,” and ar-Rabi’ bin Sulayman said: “al-Buiti wrote to me:

“要把你的书背下来，因为一旦丢失其中一本，你将永远无法再得到一本一模一样的。”152

“Memorize your books, because if you lose one of them, you’ll never be able to replace it.”””152

“如果有人在抄写书中的内容或取出书本时，不应将书摊开放在地上。相反，他应当把书放在两本其他书籍或物件之间，或放在人们常用来放书的那种折叠书架上，以免损坏书的装订。如果他把书放在较高的地方，应放在椅子、书架等物件上。最好不要把书直接放在地上，以免弄脏或弄湿。如果他把书放在一块木板上，应在书与木板之间垫一块布，以防书皮变形或腐坏。”

“And if one is writing something from the book or pulls it out, he shouldn’t spread it on the floor in an open fashion. Rather, he should put it between two other books or objects, or the well-known folding chair used for books in order not to damage the binding of the book. If he places it in an elevated location, it should be on a chair, a bookshelf, etc. It is best that the book not be placed directly on the ground in order to avoid getting it dirty or wet. If he places it on a piece of wood, he should place some cloth between it and the book to prevent the cover from becoming altered or decomposed.

应当特别留意如何整理自己的书籍，并依照每本书的美德、重要性与意义来安排。因此，应把最尊贵的书置于所有其他书籍之上，然后逐级向下排列。如果他的书架上有《古兰经》，它应当置于所有其他书籍之上；最好的做法是将它装入袋中，钉在墙上一处洁净、纯净且伸手可及的地方。

One should pay special attention to how he organizes his books, and should do so in accordance with the virtue, importance, and significance of each book. So, he should place the noblest book above all the others, and then work his way down gradually. If his library contains the Noble Qur’an, it should be placed above all the other books, and what is best is that it be placed in a sack and nailed to a clean, pure part of the wall that is within reach.

然后是圣训类书籍，例如《Sahih al-Bukhari》和《Sahih Muslim》。接着是《古兰经》注释，然后是圣训注释，再然后是宗教根本原理（usul）类书籍，之后是教法原理，然后是教法学，接着是语法和语言学，然后是阿拉伯诗歌，最后是一般诗歌。

Then come the books of Hadith, such as ‘Sahih al-Bukhari’ and ‘Sahih Muslim.’ Then come the explanations of the Qur’an, then the explanations of Hadith, then the books regarding the principles (usul) of the Religion, then the principles of Fiqh, then Fiqh, then grammar and language, then Arabic poetry, then general poetry.

如果两本同一领域的书在价值上相当，他应当把其中包含更多《古兰经》或圣训内容的那本放在另一本之上。如果两者在这方面也相当，他应当把作者更有德行的那本放在另一本之上。如果在这方面仍然相当，他应当把更古老、更被广泛接受的那本放在书架上更高的位置。如果在这方面也相当，他应当把更可靠、更可信的那本放在更高的位置。

If two books in the same field are equal in virtue, he should place the one with more Qur’an or Hadith content higher than the other. If they are equal in this regard as well, he should place the one with the more virtuous author higher than the other. If they are equal in this as well, he should place the older and more widely accepted of the two higher in his library. If they are equal in this regard as well, he should place the one that is more authentic and trustworthy.

如果有人借了一本书,书主要求归还时,他应立即归还。如果有人购买了一本书,他应当翻阅书的开头、中间、结尾以及目录。

If one borrows a book, he should immediately give it back if the owner requests it. If he purchases a book, he should flip through its beginning, middle, end, and table of contents.

他应当翻阅这本书的页面，在没有足够时间详细阅读的情况下，评估它表面上的真实性和益处。

He should flip through its pages and evaluate its apparent authenticity and benefit if he doesn’t have enough time to read it in detail.

如果有人亲笔抄录书中的内容，他应当以“Bismil-Lah ar-Rahman ar-Rahim”（奉至仁至慈的真主之名）开头。如果书的开头有赞颂真主或为其使者祈求平安和祝福的序言，他应当在basmalah之后将其抄写出来。然后再抄写他想要的书中内容。

If one copies something from the book in his handwriting, he should begin with ‘Bismil-Lah ar-Rahman ar-Rahim’ (In the Name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful). If the book begins with an introduction that contains the praise of Allah or peace and blessings upon His Messenger, he should write this out after the basmalah. He should then write what he wants from the book.

当提到安拉的圣名时，应当随之加上表示尊崇的称谓，例如 Ta'ala（至高无上）、Subhanah（祂超绝完美）、'Azza wa Jall（至尊至大）、Taqaddas（祂清净无瑕）等等。

Whenever one writes the Name of Allah, the Exalted, he should follow it up with a description of exaltation, such as Ta’ala (the Exalted), Subhanah (Glorified is He), ‘Azza wa Jall (the Mighty and Majestic), Taqaddas (free from imperfection), etc.

每当他写到先知(愿主赐他平安)的名字时,应当在其后写上"愿真主赐他尊荣与平安"(as-Salatu was-Salamu 'alayh),并且也要用舌头念出来。先贤及其后的人们的习惯,是完整地写出这句祝词,不加缩写,即便在同一行中重复多次也是如此;这与我们这个时代那些落后的作者形成对比,他们写"SAW"、"PBUH"或"SAWS",而这一切都有损于他(愿主赐他平安)对我们所应有的权利。

Whenever he writes the name of the Prophet (peace be upon him), he should write after it ‘as-Salatu was-Salamu ‘alayh’ (prayers and peace be upon him), and he should also say this with his tongue. The habit of the Salaf and those who came after them was to write this out fully and unabbreviated - even if it was repeated many times on the same line – as opposed to what the backwards authors of our times do, writing ‘SAW,’ ‘PBUH,’ or ‘SAWS,’ and all of this detracts from the rights he has upon us (peace be upon him).

如果有人遇到提及某位圣门弟子的内容——更不用说那些重要的圣门弟子——他应当写下"Radi Allahu 'anhu"（愿真主喜悦他），而除先知和天使之外，不应祈求平安和福佑，除非是效法他们。

If one comes across mention of a Companion – let alone the major ones – he should write ‘Radi Allahu ‘anhu’ (may Allah be Pleased with him), and he is not to invoke peace and blessings except for the Prophets or Angels, except in following them.

如果他遇到提及先贤（al-Salaf）的内容，应当写上“Rahimahu Allah”（愿真主怜悯他），尤其是在提及伊斯兰教著名的、杰出的主要学者时（愿真主怜悯他们所有人）。

If he comes across mention of one of the Salaf, he should write ‘Rahimahu Allah’ (may Allah have Mercy on him), especially when referring to the major, well-known, leading scholars of Islam (may Allah have Mercy on them all).

并不妨在自己所拥有的书籍的页边写下脚注、有益的要点和重要的注释，但只应写下与该书相关的重要内容，例如令人困惑之处、一个譬喻、一个例子、一处错误等。

And there’s no problem in writing footnotes, points of benefit, and important notes in the borders of the books he owns, and one shouldn’t write except the important points related to that particular book, such as a point of confusion, a parable, an example, a mistake, etc.

但是，他不应当在书中堆砌奇特而琐碎的次要内容，也不应当添加过多的脚注，以致书页满是注释、白白浪费篇幅。

But, he shouldn’t crowd the book with strange and detailed secondary matters, and shouldn’t add so many footnotes that it darkens the pages or wastes too much space in the book.

“不应在行间书写。尽管有人这样做，用红色字迹写在行间，但最好完全避免这种做法。”153

One should not write between the lines. Although some did this by writing in red between the lines, it is better to leave this totally.”153