The Style of the Qur’aan in respect to its explanation and presentation of Ahkaam (rulings)
The Qur’aan Al-Kareem presented the thoughts and Ahkaam of Islaam that it brought with an Arabic style that reached the highest level of Balaaghah (eloquence) and Fasaahah (purity). The following matters can be observed in respect to its methodology of presentation:
1 – It presented the Ahkaam in a manner that arouses the desire to follow and be obedient. At the same time, it incites an aversion and repulsion in respect to violating, undertaking a contrary act and resistance to His commands. Allah Ta’Aalaa said:
And whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger He will enter him into gardens (An-Nisaa’ 13).
And He Ta’Aalaa said:
And whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger and transgresses His limits He will enter Him into the fire (An-Nisaa’ 14).
2 – It has determined the Wujoob (obligation) through the Seeghat ul-Amr (command form). Allah Ta’Aalaa said:
And establish the testimony for (the acceptance of) Allah (At-Talaaq 2).
And it has also determined that an action is Maktoob (written/prescribed) upon the Mukallafeen through the Seeghat ul Ikhbaar (form of informing) like in the speech of Allah Ta’Aalaa:
Fasting has been written (proscribed) upon you like it was written for those who were before you (Al-Baqarah 183).
3) Al-Qur’aan is Qat’iy Ath-Thuboot (definite in transmission) and its Dalaalah (indicative meaning) in respect to the Ahkaam can be Qat’iy Ad-Dalaalah (definite in indicative meaning). This is like in the speech of Allah Ta’Aalaa:
And for you is half of what your wives leave if they did not have a child (An Nisaa’ 12).
In this case, the Lafzh (wording) in this Aayah does not hold the possibility of more than one meaning. However, an Aayah can also be Zhanniy Ad-Dalaalah (indefinite in its indicative meaning). An example of this is the Qawl of Allah Ta’Aalaa:
And the divorced women remain in waiting for three (Quroo’) (Al-Baqarah 228).
The Lafzh “Quroo’’ holds the possibility to mean Tahaaraat (periods of purity) just as it holds the possibility to intend the meaning of the periods of impurity (Haidaat). Due to being open to more than one meaning, the Dalaalah (indication) of the Aayah follows the ruling of the Zhanniy (indefinite) and not the Qat’iy (definite).
4 – Some of the Aayaat of the Qur’aan came Mujmalah (in an undetailed manner) or ‘Aammah (general) or Mutlaqah (unrestricted) and the Sunnah came to explain the Mujmal, specify the ‘Aamm and restrict the Mutlaq. Allah Ta’Aalaa guided to that in His speech:
And We revealed to you the Dhikr (reminder) that you may make clear to the people what was sent down to them (An-Nahl 44).