When the Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم began to call to Islam openly, his initial followers discovered that merely professing faith meant facing ruthless torture and even execution. Some were beaten to near death in the streets, and others were dragged out to the desert to scream for hours under the inferno of its midday sun. Hefty, sizzling hot stones were situated atop their chests to crush them, scorching suits of chainmail armor were fastened to roast their bodies, and some like Khabbāb ibn al- Aratt  were hurled directly upon ignited coals which caused them to smell their own flesh cooking.89 Many of these atrocities only escalated as this tragic decade progressed, and the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم himself suffered brutal abuse from the idolaters of Quraysh. They spared no opportunity to demonize him, they divorced his daughters, and they starved his entire clan for three years which led to the death of his wife and his most supportive uncle. In terms of physical assault, ‘Uqbah ibn Abī Mu‘ayṭ would strangle him from behind when he prayed in public, Abū Jahl had bloody camel intestines dumped over him while he prostrated, ‘Utaybah ibn Abī Lahab spat at him, and others beat him unconscious. These examples are a drop from the ocean of cruelty and persecution faced by the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and the earliest Muslims. And yet, this ocean was never able to drown the mercy, goodwill, and protective concern the Prophet’s صلى الله عليه وسلم heart had for friends and foes alike. The following are a few brief depictions of his magnanimous character, even at the height of his power, in the face of enmity and insult.

Abū Jahl was one of his earliest and staunchest adversaries; the pharaoh of his nation. Despite all the physical and emotional wounds he inflicted on the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم, and despite breaking his Companions’ bones and later leading the first army against them, the guidance and salvation of Abū Jahl was still on the Prophet’s mind. He صلى الله عليه وسلم used to say while still in Mecca, “O Allah, strengthen Islam with Abū Jahl ibn Hishām or ‘Umar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb.” A short time thereafter, ‘Umar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb  embraced Islam.90 Abū Jahl being a heartless murderer did not prevent the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم from praying for him, nor from appreciating his promising leadership qualities that could potentially be used for good.

Upon wielding the power of a statesman, the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم never enacted a policy of vengeance or intolerance. Instead, he implemented a system of mercy that was in direct opposition to the cruelty he and his followers had been subjected to in Mecca. On one occasion, a group of Jews from Madinah entered upon the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and mockingly said, “Al-sāmu ‘alaykum (death be upon you),” in place of the customary Islamic greeting of “Al-salāmu ‘alaykum (peace be upon you).” His wife ‘Āishah , appalled by their brazen disrespect, repeated the curse back to them, but the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “O ‘Āishah, be gentle! Allah is Gentle and loves gentleness in all matters, so beware of harshness and vulgarity.”91 His authority in that phase still did not tempt him to retaliate, or respond in kind, or to even let his wife respond harshly to those who had insulted him .صلى الله عليه وسلم During the Battle of Uḥud, Quraysh’s army—3,000 strong against the Muslims’ 700—managed to ambush the Prophet .صلى الله عليه وسلم His front tooth was broken, his body was battered, and blood flowed from where his helmet had pierced his face. Somehow, after bleeding at their hands yet again, the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم still had the resilience of character to say as he wiped the blood from his face, “O Allah, forgive my people, for they do not know.”92 In other narrations, he first said, “How can a people succeed after they have wounded their Prophet and caused him to bleed as he calls them to Allah?” Then, he صلى الله عليه وسلم fell silent for a moment, before appealing to Allah with the prayer for forgiveness. His Companions came to him صلى الله عليه وسلم and said as the dust cleared, “Invoke a curse against the polytheists.” He صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “I have not been sent as a curser. Rather, I was sent as a mercy.”93 Though the Qur’an mentions that the wicked among the Israelites were cursed on the tongue of their prophets,94 and though the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم cursed certain practices like usury, and initially asked Allah to curse the leading persecutors, his normative demeanor was to seek forgiveness for those who wronged him and his followers.

Years later, as the Muslims traveled home from Dhāt al-Riqā‘, the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and his Companions dismounted and sought shade from the midday sun. He صلى الله عليه وسلم rested under a leafy tree and hung his sword on it. The army slept for a while, but then heard the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم calling for them. Jābir ibn ‘Abdillāh  reports that upon their arrival, they found sitting with him a Bedouin man named al-Ghawrath ibn al-Ḥārith. The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said, “This person drew my sword as I slept, and I awoke to find an unsheathed blade in his hand.” He said to me, ‘Are you afraid of me?’ I said, ‘No.’ He said, ‘Who will protect you from me?’ I said, ‘Allah,’ thrice, and so he returned the sword to its scabbard. And thus, here he is, sitting.”95 Jābir  added, “And the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم did not punish him thereafter.”96 In another narration, the sword fell from his hand, so the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم took it and said, “Who will protect you?” He said, “Be the better victor.” He said, “Will you still not testify that none is worthy of worship except Allah?” He said, “I will promise to never fight you, nor be with a people that fight you.” The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم let him go, and so the man returned to his tribe and said, “I have come to you from the best of people.”97 Just like that, the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم forgave him unconditionally and released him despite the man’s refusal to convert to Islam.

Hind bint ‘Utbah  was the wife of Abū Sufyān and the daughter of ‘Utbah ibn Rabī‘ah, two nobles from Quraysh who were both belligerent enemies of the Prophet Muhammad .صلى الله عليه وسلم Hind was a woman who boiled with venomous hate against Muhammad, and personally campaigned against Islam and the Muslims. She was among those who recruited Waḥshī to kill Ḥamzah ibn ‘Abdul-Muṭṭalib , the paternal uncle of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم, promising him great rewards for avenging her father who was slain at Badr. Early chroniclers report that she had Ḥamzah’s ears and nose cut off and used for a necklace, and some report that she gouged out his liver and attempted to eat it. When the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم located his uncle’s mutilated body after Uḥud, he was devastated as he bade farewell to his beloved uncle, saying, “May Allah have mercy on you, my uncle.

Indeed, you used to maintain the ties of kinship, and always rushed to do good.” ‘Abdullāh ibn Mas‘ūd  says, “Never did we see the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم weep as intensely as he wept for Ḥamzah.”98 Five years later, Hind stood at the Conquest of Mecca, chastising Quraysh for surrendering to the Muslims.

But she soon realized that resisting was futile, and that the heavens really did seem to support Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم, and so she went to him among a group of women and gave her pledge of allegiance as a Muslim. Upon learning who she was, the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم kindly replied, “Welcome, O Hind.” Touched by the unexpected magnanimity of the Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم, she proclaimed, “By Allah, there was no household that I wished to destroy more than yours, but now there is no household that I wish to honor more than yours.”99 As for Waḥshī, the Ethiopian slave-assassin who earned his freedom by killing Ḥamzah, he fled the city at the conquest of Mecca, certain that killing a ruler’s family member warranted his death. However, the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم was unlike any ruler. Waḥshī later said, “I heard that no matter how grave a person’s crime against him, the Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم always chose forgiveness.” This encouraged him to eventually return to Mecca, embrace Islam, and experience firsthand the forgiveness of the Messenger of Allah 100 .صلى الله عليه وسلم Waḥshī  could hardly believe he lived long enough to redeem himself.

He would often recall it and say, “Allah honored Ḥamzah ibn ‘Abdil-Muṭṭalib and al-Ṭufayl ibn al-Nu‘mān [with martyrdom] at my hands, and did not humiliate me [by being slain while a disbeliever] at their hands.”101