Indeed, mankind was created anxious: frantic when harm touches him and withholding when good touches him – except those who pray, those who consistently devote themselves to the prayer.182

Ṣalāh is the second pillar of Islam after the testimony of faith.

Linguistically, it means a connection (ṣilah), and it represents a chance for people to pull themselves out of the grind of this life to reinforce their relationship with their Creator, to water the tree of their faith and to moisten their hearts, which would otherwise dry out and crack in the desert of the pursuit of worldly pleasures. For the soul, the ṣalāh serves the function of turning to the shade of a tree in the middle of work on a hot day. It is a chance to revive our spirituality, a reminder of our origin, our Creator, and the reason for our existence. If it is done properly and with devotion, it can be the greatest deterrent to wrongdoing and aggression.183 Human beings have primordially practiced ritual, and in that sense, the ritual of prayer constitutes the central affirming act of human life.

Its absence renders people a caricature of themselves, like a body trying to live with its heart ripped out. However, while pagans attempt to connect with the Divine through theatrical forms, and hedonists kneel for a lifetime at the crude shrine of self-indulgence, monotheists with access to confirmed prophetic teachings enjoy the real pathways disclosed by God to authentically connect with Him.

The Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم taught Muslims that God enjoined them to pray five times each day in a structured format and at specific periods of time. An outsider may find this to be a cumbersome or intrusive task, but so many Muslims—upon experiencing this prayer—voluntarily choose to supplement these daily five with even more. The magnetic force of this unique devotional act should indicate its meaningfulness. Prayer is the most evident fruit of conviction, and in its depths lay its most fertile seeds. This very observation about the Muslim prayer was once expressed by the late Pope John Paul II (d. 2005), who despite his theological differences with Islam, said, The religiosity of Muslims deserves respect. It is impossible not to admire, for example, their fidelity to prayer.

The image of believers in Allah who, without caring about time or place, fall to their knees and immerse themselves in prayer remains a model for all those who invoke the true God, in particular for those Christians who, having deserted their magnificent cathedrals, pray only a little or not at all.184

The greatest benefit of ṣalāh is therefore the opportunity to connect with God in this life, a connection that nurtures the soul to endure in fulfilling its purpose in life and ensures its salvation in the hereafter. However, the worldly benefits of prayer are undeniable as well.

Physiologically, the Islamic ritual prayer helps stabilize our biological clocks which our genetic metabolism depends on.

We all know how traveling between time-zones causes jetlag that can render us quite dysfunctional but may not realize that the lights we keep on at night in our rooms, or on our electronics, also work against our natural nightly release of melatonin which allows the body a rejuvenating stretch of sleep. But when the first ṣalāh must be offered at dawn before sunrise, and the Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم discouraged needless socialization after the evening prayer,185 the course is reversed. To better appreciate this prophetic teaching, it may help to realize that a lack of sleep does not translate into mere lethargy or underperformance the next day, but also disrupts the expression of genes in our body that may be linked to tissue inflammation and the ability to fight disease and stress, which could eventually play a role in the development of obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and a host of neurodegenerative disorders.186

Psychologically, research suggests the meditative aspect of prayer enhances focus and self-control, and offsets the negative effects of daily stressful experiences.187 In the Islamic ṣalāh in particular, there is an exceptional nexus between the tranquil measured motions required by the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم for a valid ṣalāh, and the mental labor involved in recalling the elaborate segments of the Qur’an a Muslim recites in every ṣalāh.

Emotionally, the ṣalāh has notable benefits as well. The Qur’an encourages Muslims to worship together and at times links prayer to escaping the suffocating grip of sadness and social estrangement. Allah says, “We certainly know that your chest is constrained by what they say. So glorify the praises of your Lord and be of those who prostrate.”188 Scientific research now illustrates how therapeutic an active religious fellowship can be for a person’s emotional health, through the common purpose and social support it affords.189 With regards to how vulnerable solitary living leaves individuals and society, the Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم said in the context of the daily prayer, “Adhere to the congregation, for the wolf eats none other than the stray sheep.”190 The regularity of this communal ritual reduces the deep sense of alienation people naturally feel when physically separated. Another unique facet of the Muslim style of prayer is that the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم encouraged believers to “close the gaps”191

between them when setting their ranks for ṣalāh, and to shake hands.192 We now know that welcome physical contact results in oxytocin being released by the body,193 a neurotransmitter informally dubbed the “bonding hormone” due to its association with empathy, trust, and relationship-building. With the atomization of modern life, where friends are often countries apart, our social fabric has withered to the extent that Britain is now the “loneliest capital in Europe,” according to government records.194 Moreover, the World Health Organization has projected that, by 2030, cardiovascular disease and major depressive disorder will be the world’s most debilitating medical conditions.195 Considering this frightening upsurge in social isolation, depression, substance abuse,196 and rising suicide rates,197 the Muslim daily prayer can be a welcome antidote.

Allah says, “And they used to be invited to prostration while they were [still] sound.”198