Ma'ajin Kalmomi
Glossary
Amnioblast: wata tantanin halitta da ya samo asali daga ectoderm, wanda ke samar da bangon kogon amniotic, watau amnion.
Amnioblast: a cell derived from the ectoderm which forms the wall of the amniotic cavity, i.e. the amnion.
Kogon amniotic: kogon da amnion ya kewaye, cike da ruwan amniotic, wanda ke kewaye da tayin.
Amniotic cavity: the cavity surrounded by the amnion, filled with amniotic fluid, surrounding the foetus.
Blastocyst: ƙwayar halittar da ke da siffar ƙwallo mara cika, wadda ake samu daga morula, kuma ta ƙunshi ƙwayoyin cikin ciki da kuma trophoblast na waje.
Blastocyst: the hollow sphere of cells derived from the morula consisting of the inner cell mass and outer trophoblast.
Farantin guringuntsi: farantin girman ƙashi a cikin dogon ƙashi da ke tasowa.
Cartiliginous plate: the growth plate in a developing long bone.
Chorion: membrane da ke kewaye da tayin, wanda ya ƙunshi trophoblast da extra-embryonic mesoderm.
Chorion: the membrane that surrounds the foetus, consisting of trophoblast and extra-embryonic mesoderm.
Chorionic villi: sassan da ke fitowa kamar yatsu na chorion da trophoblast, waɗanda ke ɗauke da jijiyoyin jini, kuma jinin uwa yana kewaye da su a cikin wuraren tsakanin villi (intervillous spaces).
Chorionic villi: the finger like protrusions of chorion and trophoblast which contain blood vessels, and are surrounded by maternal blood in the intervillous spaces.
Cytotrophoblast: ɓangaren salula na trophoblast, wanda ya bambanta da syncytiotrophoblast.
Cytotrophoblast: the cellular part of the trophoblast, as distinguished from the syncytiotrophoblast.
Ectoderm: layin ƙwayoyin halitta na waje wanda ke samar da fatar jiki, tsarin jijiyoyi da gabobin ji.
Ectoderm: the outer germ cell layer that gives rise to the epidermis of the skin, the nervous system and sense organs.
Endoderm: layin ƙwayoyin halitta na ciki wanda daga gare shi ake samun rufin bututun hanji da gabobin glandar da ke tare da shi.
Endoderm: the inner germ cell layer from which the lining of the gut tube and its associated glandular structures are derived.
Endometrium: rufin ciki na mahaifa wanda a cikinsa ne dasawa (implantation) ke faruwa.
Endometrium: the inner lining of the uterus in which implantation occurs.
Extra-embryonic coelom: sararin da ke tsakanin yadudduka na extra-embryonic mesoderm; wanda kuma aka sani da chorionic coelom. 60. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 75
Extra-embryonic coelom: the space between the layers of the extra-embryonic mesoderm; also known as the chorionic 60. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 75
61. Hans Wehr, shafi na 912
61. Hans Wehr, page 912
62. Kamusin Larabci-Turanci. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Juzu'i na 5, shafi na 411
62. An Arabic-English Lexicon. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Volume 5, page 411
63. Ibid, Juzu'i 5, shafi 2134
63.Ibid, Volume 5, page 2134
64. http://www.elnaggarzr.com/en/main.php?id=94 an dawo da shi a ranar 8 ga Satumba 2011, 23:07
64.http://www.elnaggarzr.com/en/main.php?id=94 retrieved 8 September 2011, 23:07
65. Muhammad Mohar Ali. A Word for Word Meaning of the Qur’an. Volume II. JIMAS. 2003, shafi 1044
65. Muhammad Mohar Ali. A Word for Word Meaning of the Qur’an. Volume II. JIMAS. 2003, page 1044
66. Ibid 67. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, shafi na 6.
66. Ibid 67. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 6.
68. Kafin Mu Haifu: Muhimman Abubuwan Ilimin Halittar Ciki da Nakasar Haihuwa. Bugu na Bakwai. Saunders. 2008, shafi na 50
68. Before We Are Born: Essentials of Embryology and Birth Defects. 7th Edition. Saunders. 2008, page 50
69. Corpus Medicorum Graecorum: Galeni de Semine (Galen: On Semen) (Greek text with English trans. Phillip de Lacy, Akademic Verlag, 1992) section I:9:1-10, pp. 92-95
69. Corpus Medicorum Graecorum: Galeni de Semine (Galen: On Semen) (Greek text with English trans. Phillip de Lacy, Akademic Verlag, 1992) section I:9:1-10, pp. 92-95
70. Kamusin Larabci-Turanci. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Juzu'i na 5, shafi na 2087.
70. An Arabic-English Lexicon. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Volume 5, page 2087.
71. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, shafi na 20.
71. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 20.
Ibid, shafi na 23
72. Ibid, page 23
73. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. 2nd Edition. Wits University Press. 2010, shafi na 147.
73. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. 2nd Edition. Wits University Press. 2010, page 147.
74. Duba nan http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/engagement/resources/texts/muslim/quran/023.qmt.html. An dawo da shi a ranar 8 ga Agusta, 2011, da karfe 09:48.
74. See here http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/engagement/resources/texts/muslim/quran/023.qmt.html. Retrieved 8 August 2011, 09:48.
75. Al-Qur'an: An Fassara. Arthur J Arberry. Oxford University Press. 1998, shafi na 343.
75. The Koran: Interpreted. Arthur J Arberry. Oxford University Press. 1998, page 343.
76. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, shafi23
76. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page23
77. Ibid 78. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. Bugu na 2. Wits University Press. 2010, shafi na 147.
77. Ibid 78. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. 2nd Edition. Wits University Press. 2010, page 147.
79. Hans Wehr, shafi na 823
79. Hans Wehr, page 823
80. Ibid, shafi na 861
80. Ibid, page 861
81. Kamus na Larabci-Turanci (An Arabic-English Lexicon). Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Juzu'i na 7, shafi na 2492
81. An Arabic-English Lexicon. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Volume 7, page 2492
82. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, shafi na 24.
82. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 24.
83. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. Bugu na 2. Wits University Press. 2010, shafi na 148.
83. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. 2nd Edition. Wits University Press. 2010, page 148.
84. Human Embryology and Developmental Biology. Bugu na 4. Mosby. 2008, Shafi na 333 85. Aristotle. On the Parts of Animals. An fassara shi daga William Ogle. New York: Garland Pub. 1987, shafi na 40
84. Human Embryology and Developmental Biology. 4th Edition. Mosby. 2008, Page 333 85. Aristotle. On the Parts of Animals. Translated by William Ogle. New York: Garland Pub. 1987, page 40
86. Aristotle. Generation of Animals. Translated by A. L. Peck. Heinemann. 1942 edition.
86. Aristotle. Generation of Animals. Translated by A. L. Peck. Heinemann. 1942 edition.
87. Ibid 88. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. 2nd Edition. Wits University Press. 2010, shafi 148.
87. Ibid 88. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. 2nd Edition. Wits University Press. 2010, page 148.
89. Ibid 90. Bruce M Carlson. Human Embryology and Developmental Biology. Bugu na 4. Mosby. 2008, shafi na 224 91. Hans Wehr, shafi na 258
89. Ibid 90. Bruce M Carlson. Human Embryology and Developmental Biology. 4th Edition. Mosby. 2008, page 224 91. Hans Wehr, page 258
92. Ibid, shafi na 8
92. Ibid, page 8
93. Muhammad ibn Umar Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Tafsir al-Kabir ﷺ 94. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 1 Wait, correction: the reference numbers and titles are bibliographic entries, not mentions of the Prophet, so no ﷺ belongs there. The correct output: 93. Muhammad ibn Umar Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Tafsir al-Kabir 94. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 1
93. Muhammad ibn Umar Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Tafsir al-Kabir 94. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 1
95. M. Z. Siddiqi. Studies in Arabic and Persian Medical Literature. Calcutta University. 1959, shafi 6 - 7
95. M. Z. Siddiqi. Studies in Arabic and Persian Medical Literature. Calcutta University. 1959, page 6 - 7
96. H. Bailey (ed). Cambridge History of Iran, vol 4. Cambridge University Press 1975 pages 414
96. H. Bailey (ed). Cambridge History of Iran, vol 4. Cambridge University Press 1975 pages 414
97. A. A. Khairallah. Outline of Arabic Contributions to Medicine. American Press, Beirut. 1946, shafi na 22
97. A. A. Khairallah. Outline of Arabic Contributions to Medicine. American Press, Beirut. 1946, page 22
98. Martin Lings. Muhammad: his life based on the earliest sources. 2nd Revised Edition. The Islamic Texts Society. 1983, page 34
98. Martin Lings. Muhammad: his life based on the earliest sources. 2nd Revised Edition. The Islamic Texts Society. 1983, page 34
99. Ibid, shafi na 52
99. Ibid, page 52
100. Ibid, shafuffuka 53 - 79
100. Ibid, pages 53 - 79
101. W. Montgomery Watt. Muhammad at Mecca. Oxford. 1953, shafi 52
101. W. Montgomery Watt. Muhammad at Mecca. Oxford. 1953, page 52
102. David C. Lindberg. The Beginnings of Western Science. University Of Chicago Press. 1992, shafi na 164-165
102. David C. Lindberg. The Beginnings of Western Science. University Of Chicago Press. 1992, pages, 164-165
103. Roy Porter. The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity. Fontana Press. 1999, shafi na 94.
103. Roy Porter. The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity. Fontana Press.1999, page,94.
104. M. Ullman. Die Medizin im Islam. Leiden ad Cologne. 1970, shafi 19-20; F. Rosenthal, a cikin fassarar sa ta Ibn Muqaddima, II, 373.
104. M. Ullman. Die Medizin im Islam. Leiden ad Cologne. 1970, pages 19-20; F. Rosenthal, apud his translation of Ibn Muqaddima, II, 373.
105. Duniyar Musulunci: Daga Zamanin Gargajiya zuwa Zamani na Zamani. Edita, C. E. Bosworth da wasu. Darwin. 1991, shafi na 129
105. The Islamic World: From Classic to Modern Times. Edited, C. E. Bosworth et al. Darwin. 1991, page 129
106. Plinio Prioreschi. A History of Medicine. 2001, shafi na 369.
106. Plinio Prioreschi. A History of Medicine. 2001, page 369.
107. William Charles Brice. An Historical Atlas of Islam. Brill. 1981, shafi 355
107. William Charles Brice. An Historical Atlas of Islam. Brill. 1981, page 355
108. Abubakr Asadulla. Islam vs. West: Fact or Fiction? A Brief Historical, Political, Theological, Philosophical, and Psychological Perspective. iUniverse. 2009, shafi 76
108. Abubakr Asadulla. Islam vs. West: Fact or Fiction? A Brief Historical, Political, Theological, Philosophical, and Psychological Perspective. iUniverse. 2009 , page 76
109. Duba Usud al-Ghabah fi Ma'rifat as-Sahabah na Ibn Athir 100. Tabari. Ta'rikh al-rusul wa'l-muluk, ed. M. J. Goeje et al. (Leiden, 1879-1901), I, 2127-28, shafi na 1116
109. See Ibn Athir’s Usud al-Ghabah fi Ma’rifat as-Sahabah 100. Tabari. Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk, ed. M. J. Goeje et al. (Leiden, 1879-1901), I, 2127-28, page 1116
111. Wannan babin Makkiyya ne, ma'ana ayoyinsa an saukar da su kafin hijira zuwa Madina. Yakin Ta'if ya faru bayan hijira. Alkur'ani: Fassarar Sabuwa. Oxford University Press. 2005, shafi na 215
111. This chapter is a Meccan which means that the verses were revealed before the migration (hijrah) to Medina. The conquest of Ta’if occurred after hijrah. The Qur’an: A New Translation. Oxford University Press. 2005, page 215
112. Ibid, shafi na 137
112. Ibid, page 137
113. http://islampapers.com/2011/10/02/was-al-harith-the-source-of-the-prophets-medical-knowledge/ an dawo da shi a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2011, da misalin 08:46.
113.http://islampapers.com/2011/10/02/was-al-harith-the-source-of-the-prophets-medical-knowledge/ retrieved 3 October 2011, 08:46.
114. http://quran.com/86 An dawo a ranar 25 ga Satumba 2011, 21:23
114. http://quran.com/86 Retrieved 25 September 2011, 21:23
115. Hans Wehr, shafi na 521
115. Hans Wehr, page 521
116. Kamus na Larabci da Turanci (An Arabic-English Lexicon). Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Juzu'i na 4, shafi na 1712.
116. An Arabic-English Lexicon. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Volume 4, page 1712.
117. Ibid, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 301.
117. Ibid, volume 1, page 301.
118. Taj Al Arus Min Jawahir Al Qamus, ko a koma ga bayanin gefen shafi (footnote) na Muhammad Asad a cikin fassararsa ta Alkur'ani, wanda za a iya samu a nan http://arthursclassicnovels.com/koran/koran-asad10.html, an dawo da shi a ranar 5 ga Satumba 2011, 15:31.
118. Taj Al Arus Min Jawahir Al Qamus, or refer to Muhammad Asad’s footnote in his translation of the Qur’an, which can be found here http://arthursclassicnovels.com/koran/koran-asad10.html, retrieved 5 September 2011, 15:31.
119. Al-Bukhari da Muslim, sun ruwaito daga Hudhaifa 120. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/assets/swf/1/how-sex-determined/how-sex-determined.swf an dawo da shi a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2011, 09:10.
119. Al-Bukhari and Muslim, narrated by Hudhayfa 120. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/assets/swf/1/how-sex-determined/how-sex-determined.swf retrieved 3 October 2011, 09:10.
60. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, shafi 75
60. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 75
61. Hans Wehr, shafi na 912
61. Hans Wehr, page 912
62. Kamusin Larabci-Turanci. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Juzu'i na 5, shafi na 411
62. An Arabic-English Lexicon. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Volume 5, page 411
63. Ibid, Juzu'i 5, shafi 2134
63.Ibid, Volume 5, page 2134
64. http://www.elnaggarzr.com/en/main.php?id=94 an dawo da shi a ranar 8 ga Satumba 2011, 23:07
64.http://www.elnaggarzr.com/en/main.php?id=94 retrieved 8 September 2011, 23:07
65. Muhammad Mohar Ali. A Word for Word Meaning of the Qur’an. Volume II. JIMAS. 2003, shafi 1044
65. Muhammad Mohar Ali. A Word for Word Meaning of the Qur’an. Volume II. JIMAS. 2003, page 1044
66. Ibid 67. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, shafi na 6.
66. Ibid 67. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 6.
68. Kafin Mu Haifu: Muhimman Abubuwan Ilimin Halittar Ciki da Nakasar Haihuwa. Bugu na Bakwai. Saunders. 2008, shafi na 50
68. Before We Are Born: Essentials of Embryology and Birth Defects. 7th Edition. Saunders. 2008, page 50
69. Corpus Medicorum Graecorum: Galeni de Semine (Galen: On Semen) (Greek text with English trans. Phillip de Lacy, Akademic Verlag, 1992) section I:9:1-10, pp. 92-95
69. Corpus Medicorum Graecorum: Galeni de Semine (Galen: On Semen) (Greek text with English trans. Phillip de Lacy, Akademic Verlag, 1992) section I:9:1-10, pp. 92-95
70. Kamusin Larabci-Turanci. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Juzu'i na 5, shafi na 2087.
70. An Arabic-English Lexicon. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Volume 5, page 2087.
71. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, shafi na 20.
71. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 20.
Ibid, shafi na 23
72. Ibid, page 23
73. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. 2nd Edition. Wits University Press. 2010, shafi na 147.
73. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. 2nd Edition. Wits University Press. 2010, page 147.
74. Duba nan http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/engagement/resources/texts/muslim/quran/023.qmt.html. An dawo da shi a ranar 8 ga Agusta, 2011, da karfe 09:48.
74. See here http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/engagement/resources/texts/muslim/quran/023.qmt.html. Retrieved 8 August 2011, 09:48.
75. Al-Qur'an: An Fassara. Arthur J Arberry. Oxford University Press. 1998, shafi na 343.
75. The Koran: Interpreted. Arthur J Arberry. Oxford University Press. 1998, page 343.
76. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, shafi23
76. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page23
77. Ibid 78. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. Bugu na 2. Wits University Press. 2010, shafi na 147.
77. Ibid 78. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. 2nd Edition. Wits University Press. 2010, page 147.
79. Hans Wehr, shafi na 823
79. Hans Wehr, page 823
80. Ibid, shafi na 861
80. Ibid, page 861
81. Kamus na Larabci-Turanci (An Arabic-English Lexicon). Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Juzu'i na 7, shafi na 2492
81. An Arabic-English Lexicon. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Volume 7, page 2492
82. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, shafi na 24.
82. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 24.
83. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. Bugu na 2. Wits University Press. 2010, shafi na 148.
83. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. 2nd Edition. Wits University Press. 2010, page 148.
84. Human Embryology and Developmental Biology. Bugu na 4. Mosby. 2008, Shafi na 333 85. Aristotle. On the Parts of Animals. An fassara shi daga William Ogle. New York: Garland Pub. 1987, shafi na 40
84. Human Embryology and Developmental Biology. 4th Edition. Mosby. 2008, Page 333 85. Aristotle. On the Parts of Animals. Translated by William Ogle. New York: Garland Pub. 1987, page 40
86. Aristotle. Generation of Animals. Translated by A. L. Peck. Heinemann. 1942 edition.
86. Aristotle. Generation of Animals. Translated by A. L. Peck. Heinemann. 1942 edition.
87. Ibid 88. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. 2nd Edition. Wits University Press. 2010, shafi 148.
87. Ibid 88. The Fundamentals of Human Embryology. 2nd Edition. Wits University Press. 2010, page 148.
89. Ibid 90. Bruce M Carlson. Human Embryology and Developmental Biology. Bugu na 4. Mosby. 2008, shafi na 224 91. Hans Wehr, shafi na 258
89. Ibid 90. Bruce M Carlson. Human Embryology and Developmental Biology. 4th Edition. Mosby. 2008, page 224 91. Hans Wehr, page 258
92. Ibid, shafi na 8
92. Ibid, page 8
93. Muhammad ibn Umar Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Tafsir al-Kabir ﷺ 94. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 1 Wait, correction: the reference numbers and titles are bibliographic entries, not mentions of the Prophet, so no ﷺ belongs there. The correct output: 93. Muhammad ibn Umar Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Tafsir al-Kabir 94. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 1
93. Muhammad ibn Umar Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Tafsir al-Kabir 94. Embryology: An Illustrated Colour Text. 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 2009, page 1
95. M. Z. Siddiqi. Studies in Arabic and Persian Medical Literature. Calcutta University. 1959, shafi 6 - 7
95. M. Z. Siddiqi. Studies in Arabic and Persian Medical Literature. Calcutta University. 1959, page 6 - 7
96. H. Bailey (ed). Cambridge History of Iran, vol 4. Cambridge University Press 1975 pages 414
96. H. Bailey (ed). Cambridge History of Iran, vol 4. Cambridge University Press 1975 pages 414
97. A. A. Khairallah. Outline of Arabic Contributions to Medicine. American Press, Beirut. 1946, shafi na 22
97. A. A. Khairallah. Outline of Arabic Contributions to Medicine. American Press, Beirut. 1946, page 22
98. Martin Lings. Muhammad: his life based on the earliest sources. 2nd Revised Edition. The Islamic Texts Society. 1983, page 34
98. Martin Lings. Muhammad: his life based on the earliest sources. 2nd Revised Edition. The Islamic Texts Society. 1983, page 34
99. Ibid, shafi na 52
99. Ibid, page 52
100. Ibid, shafuffuka 53 - 79
100. Ibid, pages 53 - 79
101. W. Montgomery Watt. Muhammad at Mecca. Oxford. 1953, shafi 52
101. W. Montgomery Watt. Muhammad at Mecca. Oxford. 1953, page 52
102. David C. Lindberg. The Beginnings of Western Science. University Of Chicago Press. 1992, shafi na 164-165
102. David C. Lindberg. The Beginnings of Western Science. University Of Chicago Press. 1992, pages, 164-165
103. Roy Porter. The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity. Fontana Press. 1999, shafi na 94.
103. Roy Porter. The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity. Fontana Press.1999, page,94.
104. M. Ullman. Die Medizin im Islam. Leiden ad Cologne. 1970, shafi 19-20; F. Rosenthal, a cikin fassarar sa ta Ibn Muqaddima, II, 373.
104. M. Ullman. Die Medizin im Islam. Leiden ad Cologne. 1970, pages 19-20; F. Rosenthal, apud his translation of Ibn Muqaddima, II, 373.
105. Duniyar Musulunci: Daga Zamanin Gargajiya zuwa Zamani na Zamani. Edita, C. E. Bosworth da wasu. Darwin. 1991, shafi na 129
105. The Islamic World: From Classic to Modern Times. Edited, C. E. Bosworth et al. Darwin. 1991, page 129
106. Plinio Prioreschi. A History of Medicine. 2001, shafi na 369.
106. Plinio Prioreschi. A History of Medicine. 2001, page 369.
107. William Charles Brice. An Historical Atlas of Islam. Brill. 1981, shafi 355
107. William Charles Brice. An Historical Atlas of Islam. Brill. 1981, page 355
108. Abubakr Asadulla. Islam vs. West: Fact or Fiction? A Brief Historical, Political, Theological, Philosophical, and Psychological Perspective. iUniverse. 2009, shafi 76
108. Abubakr Asadulla. Islam vs. West: Fact or Fiction? A Brief Historical, Political, Theological, Philosophical, and Psychological Perspective. iUniverse. 2009 , page 76
109. Duba Usud al-Ghabah fi Ma'rifat as-Sahabah na Ibn Athir 100. Tabari. Ta'rikh al-rusul wa'l-muluk, ed. M. J. Goeje et al. (Leiden, 1879-1901), I, 2127-28, shafi na 1116
109. See Ibn Athir’s Usud al-Ghabah fi Ma’rifat as-Sahabah 100. Tabari. Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk, ed. M. J. Goeje et al. (Leiden, 1879-1901), I, 2127-28, page 1116
111. Wannan babin Makkiyya ne, ma'ana ayoyinsa an saukar da su kafin hijira zuwa Madina. Yakin Ta'if ya faru bayan hijira. Alkur'ani: Fassarar Sabuwa. Oxford University Press. 2005, shafi na 215
111. This chapter is a Meccan which means that the verses were revealed before the migration (hijrah) to Medina. The conquest of Ta’if occurred after hijrah. The Qur’an: A New Translation. Oxford University Press. 2005, page 215
112. Ibid, shafi na 137
112. Ibid, page 137
113. http://islampapers.com/2011/10/02/was-al-harith-the-source-of-the-prophets-medical-knowledge/ an dawo da shi a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2011, da misalin 08:46.
113.http://islampapers.com/2011/10/02/was-al-harith-the-source-of-the-prophets-medical-knowledge/ retrieved 3 October 2011, 08:46.
114. http://quran.com/86 An dawo a ranar 25 ga Satumba 2011, 21:23
114. http://quran.com/86 Retrieved 25 September 2011, 21:23
115. Hans Wehr, shafi na 521
115. Hans Wehr, page 521
116. Kamus na Larabci da Turanci (An Arabic-English Lexicon). Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Juzu'i na 4, shafi na 1712.
116. An Arabic-English Lexicon. Librairie Du Liban. 1968. Volume 4, page 1712.
117. Ibid, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 301.
117. Ibid, volume 1, page 301.
118. Taj Al Arus Min Jawahir Al Qamus, ko a koma ga bayanin gefen shafi (footnote) na Muhammad Asad a cikin fassararsa ta Alkur'ani, wanda za a iya samu a nan http://arthursclassicnovels.com/koran/koran-asad10.html, an dawo da shi a ranar 5 ga Satumba 2011, 15:31.
118. Taj Al Arus Min Jawahir Al Qamus, or refer to Muhammad Asad’s footnote in his translation of the Qur’an, which can be found here http://arthursclassicnovels.com/koran/koran-asad10.html, retrieved 5 September 2011, 15:31.
119. Al-Bukhari da Muslim, sun ruwaito daga Hudhaifa 120. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/assets/swf/1/how-sex-determined/how-sex-determined.swf an dawo da shi a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2011, 09:10.
119. Al-Bukhari and Muslim, narrated by Hudhayfa 120. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/assets/swf/1/how-sex-determined/how-sex-determined.swf retrieved 3 October 2011, 09:10.
121. Al-Bukhari da Muslim, sun ruwaito daga Ibn Mas'ud.
121. Al-Bukhari and Muslim, narrated by Ibn Mas’ud.
122. Muslim ne ya ruwaito shi, a cikin Kitab al-Qadar. 123. Qur'an Translation: Discourse, Texture and Exegesis. Curzon Press. 2001, shafi na 9.
122. Narrated by Muslim, Kitab al-Qadar 123. Qur’an Translation: Discourse, Texture and Exegesis. Curzon Press. 2001, page 9
124. Ibid, shafi na 5
124. Ibid, page 5
125. Ibid, shafi na 7
125. Ibid, page 7
126. Ibid, shafi na 65
126. Ibid, page 65
127. Alƙur'ani: tare da Gabatarwar Surori da Ƙarin Bayani. Aikin Alƙur'ani. Fassarar Saheeh International. 2011, shafi na 345. Alƙur'ani sura ta 31 aya ta 27. www.quranproject.org.
127.The Qur’an: with Surah Introductions and Appendices. The Qur’an Project. Saheeh International Translation. 2011, page 345. Qur’an chapter 31 verse 27. www.quranproject.org.