Western dominance of economic development for more than a century has led it to define development itself as the path that the West took to achieve progress. Like China, India has been studied by economists, geopolitical experts, intelligence agencies and futurologists. Today India is recognised as a BRIC nation, a country developing rapidly by embracing global Capitalism. It has become hard to ignore India, whether because of its successful unmanned lunar mission, the creation of the world's cheapest car, the Tata Nano, the acquisition of Jaguar Land Rover by the same company, or the fact that India is home to many of the world's call centres. Combined with its development of nuclear weapons and a population of 1.2 billion with a workforce of 500 million, many see India as having all the ingredients to become a future power. Commentators have praised India's membership of the global free market, and the Indian development model is being hailed as another success story of Capitalism.

The Western world for over a century dominated economic development and has managed to even define development as the path they undertook to achieve progress. Like China, India has been analysed by economists, geopolitical experts, intelligence agencies and futurologists. India today is recognised as a BRIC nation, a nation rapidly developing due to embracing global Capitalism. It has become difficult to not notice India whether this is its successful unmanned lunar mission, the creation of the world’s cheapest car - the Tata Nano, or the acquisition of Jaguar Land Rover by the same company or the fact that India is home to many of the worlds call centres. Combined with the development of nuclear weapons and a population of 1.2 billion with a workforce of 500 million, for many India has all the ingredients to become a future power. Commentators have praised India's membership of the global free market and the Indian development model is being hailed as another success story of Capitalism.

The user's message is a question about India's potential as a superpower, not an Islamic text. Per my role, I translate the user's text into Hausa. Translating it faithfully: Shin Indiya tana da abubuwan da ake bukata don zama babbar kasa a duniya?

Does India have the ingredients to be the world’s superpower?

Bayan rabuwar kasa, Indiya ta aiwatar da tsare-tsare da dama na shekaru biyar bisa tsarin gurguzu, domin cimma ci gaban tattalin arziki da wadata. Ta hanyar hada kai da Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin Yakin Cacar Baki, fasaha ta kwararo zuwa Indiya, kuma yankunan Tarayyar Soviet suka zama babbar kasuwar fitar da kayayyaki ta Indiya. Har zuwa lokacin gyare-gyaren 'yanci a shekarun 1990, tattalin arzikin Indiya ana kiransa 'mulkin lasisi' (licence raj), wato dogon jerin lasisi, dokoki, da tsarin takardu masu wahala da ake bukata don kafawa da gudanar da kasuwanci a Indiya. Tattalin arzikin Indiya ya kasance yana da kariyar kasuwanci (protectionism), mallakar gwamnati, da cin hanci da rashawa.

After partition India implemented a number of 5 year plans along Socialist lines in order to achieve economic development and prosperity. By aligning with the USSR during the Cold War, technology flowed into India and the territories of the USSR become India’s key export market. Until the liberalisation drive in the 1990’s India’s economy was termed ‘licence raj,’ this was the elaborate licenses, regulations and the accompanying red tape that were required to set up and run a businesses in India. India's economy was characterised with protectionism, public ownership and corruption.

Ya kasance faduwar Tarayyar Soviet ce ta tilasta Indiya ta canja akalar tafiyarta. Rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet, wadda ita ce babbar abokiyar cinikayyar Indiya, ta haifar da matsalar tattalin arziki. A lokaci guda kuma yakin Gulf ya kai ga hauhawar farashin mai, lamarin da ya haifar da matsalar kuɗi tare da tilasta Indiya neman taimakon IMF. An ba Indiya rancen ceto na dala biliyan 1.8 daga IMF, wanda a madadinsa ya bukaci a yi gyare-gyare masu tsauri da dama. Kusan shekaru 50 jagororin Indiya da suka gada juna sun rufe tattalin arzikin Indiya ga duniyar waje, sai IMF ya bukaci Indiya ta buɗe kasuwarta ta cikin gida mai mutum biliyan daya. Saboda tsananin kalaman da gwamnatin Amurka ta yi wa Indiya sakamakon tsaiko da aka samu kan batun Kashmir, Narasimha Rao ya fara sassauta tattalin arzikin Indiya, yana ba kamfanonin kasa-da-kasa na waje damar shiga kasuwar Indiya, lamarin da ya nuna shigar Indiya cikin jari-hujjar duniya.

It was the fall of the Soviet Union that forced India to change its direction. The collapse of the Soviet Union, which was India's major trading partner, caused an economic crisis. At the same time the Gulf war also led to oil price rises, causing a financial crisis and forcing India to turn to the IMF. India was given a $1.8 billion bailout loan from IMF, which in return required many stringent reforms. For nearly 50 years successive Indian leaders closed the Indian economy to the outside world, the IMF demanded India to open its one billion domestic market. With strong rhetoric directed towards India by the US administration due to the stalemate on Kashmir, Narasimha Rao began the liberalisation of the Indian economy allowing foreign multinational companies to enter the Indian market and heralding India's embracement of global Capitalism.

Bayan kusan shekaru 20 da aiwatar da gyare-gyare, birane irin su Bangalore sun samu karin daraja da muhimmanci a fannin tattalin arziki, kuma sun zama cibiyoyin jawo jarin kasashen waje. A daidai lokacin da aka fara gyare-gyaren, tattalin arzikin Indiya bai wuce dala biliyan 317 ba, a yau kuma tattalin arzikin Indiya ya bunkasa zuwa dala tiriliyan 1.2, lamarin da ya sa ta zama kasa ta 12 mafi girman tattalin arziki a duniya, kuma mafi saurin bunkasa a duniya bayan China.

After nearly 20 years of implementing reforms cities such as Bangalore have risen in prominence and economic importance and have became centres for foreign investment. On the eve of reform India’s economy was a mere $317 billion, today the Indian economy has grown to a whopping $1.2 trillion, the 12th largest economy in the world and the world’s fastest growing economy after China.

Sakamakon sassauta dokokin tattalin arzikin Indiya, Indiya ta canza daga tattalin arziki da noma ke mamaye da shi zuwa wanda bangaren ayyuka ke samar da kashi 54% na dukiyar kasa. Ayyukan kasuwanci kamar IT da kwangilar gudanar da ayyukan kasuwanci (BPO) suna ba da kashi 33% ga jimillar kayayyakin ayyuka. Wasu kamfanonin Indiya an saka su cikin manyan kamfanonin kwangilar fasaha 15 na duniya a shekarar 2009.13 Ci gaban bangaren IT na Indiya ya samu ne sakamakon karuwar kwarewa ta musamman da kasancewar babban adadin ma'aikata masu arha amma masu kwarewa da ilimi sosai. Duk da haka, rabon masana'antar IT ta Indiya ga tattalin arzikin Indiya har yanzu karami ne, kuma a halin yanzu yana kashi 7% kawai na tattalin arzikin. Kudaden shiga na shekara-shekara daga ayyukan kwangila a Indiya a yanzu sun kai dala biliyan 60, kuma ana sa ran hakan zai karu zuwa dala biliyan 225 nan da shekarar 2020.

The liberalisation of India's economy has resulted in India transforming from an economy that was dominated by agriculture to one where the service sector generates 54% of the nation’s wealth. Business services such as IT and business process outsourcing contribute 33% to the total output of services. Several Indian firms were listed among the top 15 technology outsourcing companies in the world in 2009.13 The growth in India's IT sector has been a result of increased specialisation and an availability of a large pool of low cost, but highly skilled and educated workers. However the share of India’s IT industry to the Indian economy is still relatively small and is currently only 7% of the economy. Annual revenues from outsourcing operations in India currently stand at $60 billion and this is expected to increase to $225 billion by 2020.

Masana'antar Indiya tana samar da kashi 29% na dukiyar Indiya, amma har yanzu ana mamaye ta da ƙananan masana'antun gida na yau da kullum. Duk da cewa an sami ci gaba a fannin bunƙasa software, masana'antar Indiya har yanzu tana hannun ƙungiyoyin ƙananan kamfanoni masu iko, waɗanda suke kamfanonin iyalai na dā, kuma sun yi arziki ta hanyar amfani da alaƙarsu da siyasa lokacin da suka fuskanci gasa daga ƙasashen waje. Manufofin gwamnati sun mayar da hankali kan inganta ƙirƙirar sabbin kayayyaki, tare da dogaro da ƙarancin kuɗin aiki da fasaha.

Indiya za ta cika shekara ta 20 nan ba da jimawa ba tun bayan fara shirin sassauta dokokin tattalin arzikinta, kuma tuni ta yi baya sosai idan aka kwatanta da matakin da China ta kai a irin wannan lokaci. Indiya na fuskantar kalubale da yawa, kuma mafi muhimmanci daga cikinsu, domin ta zama kasa mai karfin iko a duniya, an takaita su a kasa.

India will soon be in its 20th year since its liberalisation drive began, it is already well behind the level China reached at the same milestone. India faces many challenges the most critical of these, in order to become a world power, are summarised below:

Ga kowace ƙasa, samun tsayayye kuma amintaccen tushen makamashi na cikin gida yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Indiya na fuskantar manyan matsaloli a wannan fanni. Duk da cewa kashi 80% na ƙauyukan Indiya aƙalla suna da layin wutar lantarki, kimanin mutane miliyan 600 a Indiya ba su da wutar lantarki ta babban layi kwata-kwata, kuma kashi 44% kawai na gidajen karkara ne ke da damar samun wutar lantarki. A batun Indiya, karuwar buƙatar makamashi sakamakon ci gaban tattalin arziki ya haifar da yanayi na ci gaba da ƙarancin makamashi. Indiya ba ta da wadataccen man fetur, kuma a halin yanzu ta dogara sosai ga kwal da shigo da man fetur daga ƙasashen waje don biyan buƙatun makamashinta. Ko da yake Indiya tana da wadataccen wasu albarkatun makamashi masu alƙawarin samun dama a nan gaba, kamar makamashin da ake sabuntawa irin su hasken rana, iska da man halittu (jatropha, rake), waɗannan tushe har yanzu suna cikin farkon matakan ci gabansu, kuma ba za su iya samar da isasshen makamashi don ci gaban masana'antu a matakin masana'antu ba.

For any nation to develop a stable and secure supply of domestic energy sources is paramount. India has severe problems in this area, While 80% of Indian villages have at least an electricity line some 600 million Indians have no mains electricity at all, just 44% of rural households have access to electricity. In India's case rising energy demand due to economic development has created a perpetual state of energy crunch. India is poor in oil resources and is currently heavily dependent on coal and foreign oil imports for its energy needs. Although India is rich in certain energy resources which promise future potential such as renewable energy resources like solar, wind and biofuels (jatropha, sugarcane) such sources however are still in their early stage of development and can in no way provide sufficient energy for development of industrial scale.

Ci gaban Indiya a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka wuce bai kasance daidai ba ko kaɗan. Amfanin sassaucin tattalin arziƙi da haɗewar duniya har yanzu yana iyakance ga wasu yankuna na ƙasar da wasu bangarorin tattalin arziƙi. Bunƙasar fasahar sadarwa (IT) tana kan manyan biranen Kudancin Indiya, yayin da masana'antar sinadarai ta man fetur ke bunƙasa galibi a Gujarat, a yammacin Indiya. Manyan sassan Arewaci da Gabashin Indiya suna baya sosai wajen ci gaban tattalin arziƙi. Jihohin BIMARU da aka sani da talauci da yawan jama'a - Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh - har yanzu tattalin arzikinsu galibi na noma ne.

India's development for the last two decades has been anything but equal. The benefits of liberalisation and globalisation are still restricted to certain geographical areas of the country and certain economic sectors. The IT boom is concentrated in the Southern metros of India while the petrochemicals sector is thriving mostly in Gujarat, in western India. Large parts of Northern and Eastern India are severely lagging in economic development. The traditionally poor and populous BIMARU states - Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh - are still largely agrarian economies.

Duk da cewa tattalin arzikin Indiya ya ninka sau huɗu a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, wannan sabuwar dukiya ta ci gaba da kasancewa a hannun ƙaramar tsiraru ta al'umma. Kashi 85% (miliyan 930) na al'ummar Indiya suna rayuwa da ƙasa da dala $2.50 a rana, wannan ya fi yawan al'ummar Sub-Saharan Africa. Kashi 75% (miliyan 822) na al'ummar Indiya suna rayuwa da ƙasa da dala $2 a rana. Kashi 24% (miliyan 300) na al'ummar Indiya suna rayuwa da ƙasa da dala $1 a rana. Wannan yana nufin cewa kashi 41% (miliyan 444) na 'yan Indiya suna rayuwa ƙasa da layin talauci na duniya na dala $1.25. Kashi 33% na al'ummar duniya da ke cikin talauci suna zaune a Indiya.

Whilst the Indian economy has grown fourfold over the last two decades, this new wealth has remained in the hands of a small minority of the population. 85% (930 million) of the Indian population lives on less than $2.50 a day, this is more than Sub-Saharan Africa. 75% (822 million) of the Indian population lives on less than $2 a day. 24% (300 million) of the Indian population live on less than $1 a day. This means 41% (444 million) Indians live below the international poverty line of $1.25. 33% of the world's population that lives in poverty resides in India.

Ga kowace ƙasa da za ta sami wani ƙarfi na nuna tasiri a duniya, dole ne ta bunƙasa ababen more rayuwa na cikin gida kamar hanyoyi, tashoshin jiragen ruwa, hanyoyin wutar lantarki, samar da ruwan sha da sadarwa, domin ƙasar ta ci gaba ta kuma samu ci gaba. Ababen more rayuwa na Indiya sun zama abin sanin hanyoyi da suka lalace, filayen jiragen sama masu cunkoso, da katsewar wutar lantarki, da cin hanci da rashawa da yake yaɗuwa a manyan ayyuka. Kamfanin fasahar Indiya Infosys Technologies Ltd ya tabbatar cewa, saboda babu tsarin sufurin jama'a a Bangalore, yana kashe dala miliyan 5 a shekara a kan bas-bas, ƙananan motocin safa, da tasi domin jigilar ma'aikatansa 18,000 zuwa da daga ofisoshinsa da masana'antunsa. Kamfanin ya kuma tabbatar da cewa cunkoson ababen hawa yana sa ma'aikata su iya shafe sama da awanni huɗu a kowace rana suna tafiya aiki.14 Kashe kuɗin Indiya a wannan fanni kuma dala biliyan 31 ne kawai. Indiya tana da kashi 1 cikin ɗari na motocin duniya, amma tana da kashi 8 cikin ɗari na mace-macen motoci a duniya. Kiyasin Goldman Sachs ya nuna cewa Indiya za ta buƙaci kashe dala tiriliyan 1.7 a kan ayyukan ababen more rayuwa cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa domin biyan buƙatun ci gaban tattalin arzikinta mai saurin gaske.15

For any nation to have any global power projection capabilities it needs to develop its domestic infrastructure of roads, ports, electricity grids, water supply and telecoms in order for the nation to move forward and progress. Indian infrastructure has come to be characterised with crumbling roads, jammed airports, and power blackouts and rampant corruption in mega projects. Indian technology firm Infosys Technologies Ltd confirmed that with virtually no mass transit in Bangalore it spends $5 million a year on buses, minivans, and taxis to transport its 18,000 employees to and from its offices and factories.14 It also confirmed that traffic jams mean workers can spend upwards of four hours commuting each day. India's spending in this area is only $31 billion. India has only 1% of the world's vehicles, but it accounts for 8% of the world's vehicle fatalities. Estimates by Goldman Sachs have shown that India will need to spend $1.7 trillion on infrastructure projects over the next decade to deal with its rapid economic development.15

Haka kuma Indiya tana da wasu matsaloli da yawa da za ta buƙaci ta shawo kansu idan tana da burin zama babbar ƙasa mai ƙarfi, daga cikin waɗannan akwai:

India at the same time has many other problems that it will need to overcome if it has any ambitions of becoming a superpower, among these are:

- Yara 'yan Indiya dubu ɗaya suna mutuwa da cutar gudawa kowace rana.

- 1000 Indian children die of diarrhea sickness every day.

Indiya ba ta wakiltar wani salon bunƙasar tattalin arziki na musamman ko sabo ba. Rungumar kasuwa mai ’yanci da zama ƙasar da ke dogara da fitar da kaya zuwa waje wani abu ne da ƙasashen Afirka, Latin Amurka da Gabashin Asiya duka suka yi ƙoƙarin aiwatarwa. Zama cibiyar aikin ƙasashen waje (outsourcing) ta duniya ma ba zai bunƙasa babban tattalin arzikin Indiya ba, domin irin wannan dabarar tana da kunkuntar iyaka ba ta isa ta bunƙasa sassa da dama na tattalin arziki ba. Shi ya sa ababen more rayuwa na Indiya ke cikin rudani, domin sassan da ke aiki a matsayin hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki ga aikin waje, kamar fasahar sadarwa (IT), ne kawai suka bunƙasa. Tattalin arzikin Indiya ya fi dogara ne da babbar kasuwarta ta cikin gida, inda cinikayyar waje ba ta wuce kashi 15 cikin 100 na GDP ɗin ƙasar ba. Yanayin dogara ga cinikayyar ƙasashen duniya yana ƙara ƙaruwa, kuma kamar yadda rikicin kuɗi ya nuna, dogara ga kasuwar duniya hanya ce mai rauni ta gina tattalin arziki. Wannan dabara ce irin wadda ƙasashen Asiya masu tasowa (Asian tiger economies) suka bi a shekarun 1980 da 1990, kuma sakamakonta ya zama mummunan a shekarar 1997, abin da aka sani da Rikicin Asiya (Asian Crisis).

India does not represent a unique or new form of economic development. The adoption of the free market and becoming an export driven economy is something nations in Africa, Latin America and the Far East have all attempted. Becoming the world's outsourcing hub will also not stimulate India’s huge economy as such a strategy is too narrow to stimulate multiple sectors of the economy, this is why India's infrastructure is in chaos as only those sectors that act as supply lines to outsourcing such as IT have seen development. India's economy is mostly dependent on its large internal market with external trade accounting for less than 15% of the country's GDP. The trend of relying on International trade looks set to increase and as the financial crisis has shown dependency on the global market is a fragile way to construct an economy. This was a similar strategy the Asian tiger economies pursued through the 1980's and 1990's with disastrous results in 1997, in what has come to be known as the Asian Crisis.

Irin wadannan matsaloli za su hana Indiya tabbatar da kanta a matsayin babbar kasa ta duniya har abada, sai dai idan an iya shawo kansu. A daya bangaren kuma, Indiya tana da wasu matsaloli da kalubale masu zurfi da yawa, wadanda za su ci gaba da hana ta zama babbar kasa ta duniya, sai dai idan an iya shawo kan su.

Such issues will stop India from ever becoming a global power. India on the other hand has a number of more fundamental problems and challenges that will always hinder it from becoming a global power unless they can be overcome:

A siyasance, Indiya ƙasa ce mai rarrabuwa sosai, inda ƙungiyoyi masu gogayya da buƙatu daban-daban ke ja da baya a kan layukan rarrabuwa na yanki, addini, kabila da aji. Ga yawancin tarihin Indiya tun bayan rabuwar ƙasa, 'yan siyasa sun yi amfani da waɗannan bambance-bambance don cimma ribar gajeren lokaci, ba tare da sun damu da tashi sama da ƙananan sabani ba don haɗa albarkatun ƙasa wuri guda. Gaskiyar cewa Indiya ita ce mafi girman dimokuraɗiyya a duniya matsala ce ga Indiya, ba fa'ida ba. Dimokuradiyyar majalisa tana mayar da bambance-bambance tsarin hukuma kuma tana ba da damar kafa jam'iyyu don kare irin waɗannan buƙatu. Sakamakon haka, yawancin batutuwa sukan makale a cikin tsaiko na majalisa, kamar yadda aka gani game da yarjejeniyar makamashin nukiliya ta farar hula da Amurka.

Yawancin masana suna da al'adar duba ci gaban tattalin arziki da yanayin yawan jama'a yayin tantance kasashen da za su iya zama manyan duniya, duk da cewa wadannan alamomi a kansu na iya nuna makomar ci gaba, amma suna nuna kadan dangane da karfin iko na gaba.

Many analysts have a tendency to look at economic growth and population trends when assessing potential world powers, whilst such indicators may indicate future prospects on their own they show very little in terms of future power.

Ainihin alamar makomar ƙasa ba albarkatun ƙasar ba ne, ko yawan al'ummarta, ko fasahar da take da ita, ko yanayin ƙasarta - duk da cewa waɗannan abubuwa za su zama fa'ida. Ƙasar da ke iya zama babbar mai ƙarfi a duniya tana buƙatar samun burin duniya, kuma wannan buri yana fitowa ne daga salon rayuwar da al'ummar ƙasar ta rungumi.

The real indicator of future prospects is not the resources of a nation, its population size, the technology it posses or geography - although these would be advantages. A potential global power would need to posses global ambitions, this in turn would come from the way of life of a nation the people have embraced.

Hoton "India Shining" bayan shekarar 1991 ba shi da wakilci sosai, kuma ba cikakken bayani ba ne na ƙasar da ƙauyuka sama da 100,000 ba su taɓa jin ringin waya ba. Duk da cewa sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki na shekarun 1990 sun taimaka matuka wajen sassauta tsarin da bunkasa tattalin arziki, waɗanda suka fi amfana kai tsaye sun kasance mazauna birane masu hali. Duk da cewa Indiya na da ƙalubale da dama da za ta shawo kansu, kamar rashin daidaiton ci gaba, yawan jama'a biliyan 1.2 waɗanda ke wakiltar kashi ɗaya bisa uku na matalautan duniya, da kuma fiye da kashi 70 cikin ɗari na 'yan Indiya da ke zaune a yankunan karkara da aka hana wa ci gaba, waɗannan matsaloli za a iya shawo kansu, kamar yadda ƙasashen masana'antu duka suka nuna. Sai dai warware irin waɗannan matsaloli sakamako ne na ci gaba, kuma a zuciyar ci gaba akwai wata ƙa'ida mai sauƙi ta manyan buri a duniya, wadda Indiya ba ta da ita. Tsarin rayuwarta, wato Hinduwa, ba ya zayyana ko bayar da hangen nesa na duniya. Duk da cewa Indiya za ta ƙera motoci na zamani, ta aika mutane da yawa sararin samaniya, ta ƙirƙiri sababbin fasahohi, ta cimma dogaro da kai da ƙwarewa a fannoni daban-daban, wannan burin kowace ƙasa mai 'yanci take nema. Amma a kan kanta hakan bai isa ya sa ta zama babbar ƙasa ba.

The image of an ‘India Shining' post-1991 is not representative or a fully accurate portrayal of a country where over 100,000 villages have never heard a telephone ring. While the economic reforms of the 1990’s did much to liberalise and stimulate growth, the direct beneficiaries were more affluent urban dwellers. Whilst India has many challenges to overcome such as its lopsided development, a 1.2 billion population, who constitute a third of the world’s poor, with over 70% of Indians living in deprived rural areas, these can be overcome as all the industrialised nations have shown. However solving such issues is the product of progress and at the heart of progress lays a very simple concept of global ambitions which India does not possess. Its way of life - Hinduism does not outline or give an international outlook. Whilst India will build state of the art cars, send many into Space, invent new technologies, achieve self sufficiency and superiority in various fields, this is however something sought by every independent nation, but on its own insufficient to become a superpower.