An Fara saukar da Alkur'ani ne a daren lailatul-qadr na watan Ramadan (daren 27 ko ɗaya daga cikin daren witiri bayan na 21), bayan Annabi Muhammadﷺ ya wuce shekara arba'in a rayuwarsa (wato kimanin shekarar 610), yayin da yake keɓe a cikin kogon Hira' a kan wani dutse kusa da Makka.

The revelation of the Qur'an began in the laila al-qadr of Ramadan (the 27th night or one of the odd nights after the 21st) after the Prophet Muhammad had passed the fortieth year of his life (that is around the year 610), during his seclusion in the cave of Hira' on a mountain near Makka.

[Ma'anonin hadisai na Turanci, sai dai inda aka nuna in ba haka ba, daga: Khan, Muhammad Muhsin: The Translation of the Meanings of Sahih al-Bukhari, mujalladi 9, Istanbul, 1978 (an takaita a matsayin Bukhari) da Siddiqui, Abdul Hamid: Sahih Muslim, mujalladi 4, Lahore, 1978 (an takaita a matsayin Muslim).]

[English translations of ahadith are, unless otherwise indicated, from Khan, Muhammad Muhsin: The Translation of the Meanings of Sahih al-Bukhari, 9 vols., Istanbul, 1978 (abbr. as Bukhari) and Siddiqui, Abdul Hamid: Sahih Muslim, 4 vols., Lahore, 1978 (abbr. as Muslim).] This is the account, as reported in the Sahih of Bukhari:

An Karɓo daga Aisha, uwar muminai: Farkon wahayin da Allah ya yi wa Manzon Allah ﷺ ya kasance a cikin mafarkai masu kyau, wadanda suke zuwa kamar hasken rana (wato na gaskiya), sannan aka sa masa son kadaici.

Narrated Aisha the mother of the faithful believers: The commencement of the divine inspiration to Allah's apostle was in the form of good dreams which came like bright daylight (i.e. true) and then the love of seclusion was bestowed upon him.

Ya kasance yana yin kebewa a Kogon Hira', inda yake bautawa (Allah shi kaɗai) a ci gaba na kwanaki masu yawa kafin sha'awarsa ta ganin iyalinsa. Yakan ɗauki abinci tare da shi don zaman, sannan ya koma wajen (matarsa) Khadija don ya ɗauki abincinsa haka kuma, har gaba ɗaya gaskiya ta sauka a kansa yayin da yake cikin Kogon Hira'.

He used to go in seclusion in the Cave of Hira', where he used to worship (Allah alone) continuously for many days before his desire to see his family. He used to take with him food for the stay and then come back to (his wife) Khadija to take his food likewise again, till suddenly the truth descended upon him while he was in the Cave of Hira'.

Mala'ika ya zo gare shi ya umarce shi da ya karanta. Annabi ya amsa da cewa, "Ban san karatu ba." Annabi ya kara da cewa, "Mala'ikan ya kama ni (da karfi) ya matse ni sosai har na kasa jure wa. Sa'an nan ya sake ni, ya sake umartar na karanta, sai na amsa da cewa, 'Ban san karatu ba.'"

The angel came to him and asked him to read. The Prophet replied 'I do not know how to read'. The Prophet added, 'The angel caught me (forcibly) and pressed me so hard that I could not bear it any more. He then released me and again asked me to read and I replied, "I do not know how to read".

Sai ya sake kama ni, ya matse ni karo na biyu har sai da na kasa jurewa. Sa'an nan ya sake ni, ya sake cewa in karanta, amma sai na sake amsawa da cewa, "Ban san karatu ba" (ko kuma me zan karanta?). Sai ya kama ni karo na uku ya matse ni, sa'an nan ya sake ni ya ce:

Thereupon he caught me again and pressed me a second time till I could not bear it any more. He then released me and again asked me to read, but again I replied, "I do not know how to read" (or what shall I read?). Thereupon he caught me for the third time and pressed me, and then released me and said:

"Karanta, da sunan Ubangijinka wanda ya halitta, ya halitta mutum daga gudan jini. Karanta! Kuma Ubangijinka shi ne Mafi karimci" ... [Bukhari, I, No. 3; VI, No. 478; Muslim I, No. 301.] Hadisin ya ci gaba da bayyana cewa Annabi ﷺ ya koma wajen matarsa Khadija ya ba ta labarin abin tsoro da ya faru da shi. Ta ta'azantar da shi, sai su biyun suka tuntuɓi Waraqa, dangin Khadija kuma Bakirista mai ilimi, a kan lamarin.

"Read, in the name of Your Lord, who created, created man from a clot. Read! And Your Lord is the most bountiful" ... [Bukhari, I, No. 3; VI, No. 478; Muslim I, No. 301.] The narration goes on to tell us that the Prophet went back to his wife Khadija and recounted to her his dreadful experience. She comforted him and both of them consulted Waraqa, Khadlja's relative and a learned Christian, about it.

Waraqa ya gaya wa Muhammad ﷺ cewa ya haɗu da wanda Allah ya aika wa Musa, kuma cewa mutanensa za su fitar da shi.

Waraqa told Muhammad that he had encountered the one 'whom Allah had sent to Moses' and that he would be driven out by his people.

Daga Aisha, uwar muminai: Al-Harith bin Hisham ya tambayi Manzon Allah ﷺ cewa, "Ya Manzon Allah, ta yaya wahayi yake zuwa gare ka?" Manzon Allah ﷺ ya amsa, "Wani lokaci yana zuwa kamar sautin kararrawa, wannan irin wahayi shi ne mafi wahala a cikinsu, sannan wannan hali yakan wuce bayan na riki abin da aka yi mini wahayinsa. Wani lokaci kuma Mala'ika yakan zo a siffar mutum ya yi magana da ni, sai in riki duk abin da ya ce." [Bukhari, I, No. 2.]

Narrated Aisha, the mother of the faithful believers: Al-Harith bin Hisham asked Allah's apostle: 'O Allah's apostle. How is the divine inspiration revealed to you?' Allah's apostle replied, 'Sometimes it is "revealed" like the ringing of a bell, this form of inspiration is the hardest of all and then this state passes off after I have grasped what is inspired. Sometimes the Angel comes in the form of a man and talks to me and I grasp whatever he says'. [Bukhari, I, No. 2.]

Wahayin farko da Annabi Muhammadu ﷺ ya karɓa yana cikin ayoyin farko na Suratu al-'Alaq (96:1-3, a cewar wasu 1-5):

The first revelation that the Prophet Muhammad received is in the first verses from Sura al-'alaq (96:1-3, according to others 1-5):

"Karanta da sunan Ubangijinka wanda ya halitta, ya halicci mutum daga gudan jini. Karanta! Kuma Ubangijinka ne Mafi Karimci. (Wanda) ya koyar da amfani da alƙalami, ya koyar da mutum abin da bai sani ba." Sauran ayoyin Suratul Alak, wanda yanzu yana da ayoyi 19, an saukar da su a wani lokaci daga baya.

'Read in the name of your Lord, who created, created man from a clot. Read! And your Lord is most bountiful. (He who taught) the use of the pen taught man which he knew not.' The remainder of Sura 96, which now has 19 ayat, was revealed on some later occasion.

Bayan saƙon farko da aka karɓa, wahayi ya tsaya na ɗan lokaci (ana kiran wannan lokaci da fatra), sannan ya sake komawa.

After the first message thus received, revelation ceased for a certain period (called fatra) and then resumed:

Jabir bin 'Abdullah Al-Ansari ya ruwaito, yana magana game da lokacin dakatarwar wahayi, yana isar da maganar Annabi ﷺ: "Yayin da nake tafiya, ba zato ba tsammani na ji wata murya daga sama. Na ɗaga kai sama, sai na ga wannan mala'ika ɗaya wanda ya zo mini a Kogon Hira', yana zaune a kan kujera tsakanin sama da ƙasa. Na ji tsoronsa, sai na koma gida na ce: 'Ku naɗe ni (cikin bargo)'. Sai Allah ya saukar da waɗannan ayoyi masu tsarki (na Alƙur'ani): {Kai da ka lulluɓe, ka tashi ka yi gargaɗi (ga mutane game da azabar Allah) ... har zuwa "kuma ka nisanci dukan ƙazanta"}." Bayan wannan saukar wahayin, ya zo da ƙarfi kuma a kai a kai. [Bukhari, I, end of No. 3.]

Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah Al-Ansari while talking about the period of pause in revelation reporting the speech of the Prophet, 'While I was walking, all of a sudden I heard a voice from the heaven. I looked up and saw the same angel who had visited me at the Cave of Hira' sitting on a chair between the sky and the earth. I got afraid of him and came back home and said "Wrap me (in blankets)" and then Allah revealed the following holy verses (of the Qur'an): O you covered in your cloak, arise and warn (the people against Allah's punishment) ... up to "and all pollution shun".' After this revelation came strongly and regularly. [Bukhari, I, end of No. 3.]

Kashi na biyu na Alqur'ani da aka saukar wa Annabi Muhammadu ﷺ shi ne farkon Suratul Muddaththir (74: 15).

The second portion of the Qur'an revealed to the Prophet Muhammad was the beginning of Sura al-muddaththir (74: 15).

Yanzu ya ƙunshi ayoyi 56, sauran kuma an saukar da su daga baya, kuma yana farawa kamar haka: "Ya kai wanda ka lulluɓe da mayafinka, tashi ka yi gargaɗi, ka girmama Ubangijinka, ka tsarkake tufafinka, ka nisanci ƙazanta ..."

It now consists of 56 verses, the rest revealed later, and begins as follows: 'O you, covered in your cloak, arise and warn, thy Lord magnify, thy raiment purify, pollution shun ...'

Yawancin malamai sun yi imani cewa Suratul Muzzammil (73) ita ce wahayi na gaba.

Many hold that Sura al-muzzammil (73) was the next revelation.

Bisa ga wasu, Suratul Fatiha (1) ita ce sura ta uku da aka saukar. [Suyuti, Itqan, I, shafi na 24.] Daga cikin wahayin farko-farko da Annabi ﷺ ya bayyana a Makka, akwai, bisa wasu rahotanni, Sura 111, Sura 81, Sura 87, Sura 92, Sura 89, da sauransu. Sannan wahayi ya ci gaba, yana ambaton Aljanna da Wuta, har sai mutane suka juya zuwa Musulunci, sannan ya zo wahayi game da halal da haram ... ' [Suyuti, Itqan, I, shafi na 24.] Wahayi ya riske Annabi ﷺ a duk tsawon rayuwarsa, a Makka da Madina, wato a cikin tsawon kimanin shekara 23.

According to others, Sura al-fatiha (1) was the third sura to be revealed. [Suyuti, Itqan, I, p.24.] Among other early revelations, which the Prophet declared in Makka, are, according to some reports, Sura 111, Sura 81, Sura 87, Sura 92, Sura 89, etc. Then revelation continued, 'mentioning Paradise and Hell, and until mankind turned to Islam, then came revelation about halal and haram ... ' [Suyuti, Itqan, I, p.24.] Revelation came to the Prophet throughout his lifetime, both in Makka and Madina, i.e. over a period of approximately 23

shekaru, har zuwa kusan lokacin da ya rasu a shekara ta 10 bayan Hijira (632).

years, until shortly before his death in the year 10 after Hijra (632).

Yawancin malaman Musulunci sun yarda cewa wahayi na ƙarshe shi ne Sura 2, aya ta 281:

Many Muslim scholars agree that the last revelation was Sura 2, verse 281:

"Ku ji tsoron ranar da za a mayar da ku zuwa ga Allah. Sannan kowace rai za a biya ta abin da ta aikata, kuma ba za a yi wa kowa zalunci ba." Wasu kuma suna cewa ayar ita ce 2:282 ko 2:278. [Kamal, Ahmad 'Adil: 'ulum al-Qur'an, Cairo, 1974, p.18.] An kuma ambata cewa dukkan ayoyin uku an saukar da su ne a lokaci guda ɗaya. Manzon Allah ﷺ ya rasu bayan dare tara da saukar ayar ƙarshe.

'And fear the day when ye shall be brought back to God. Then shall every soul be paid what it earned and none shall be dealt with unjustly.' Some also say that it was 2:282 or 2:278. [Kamal, Ahmad 'Adil: 'ulum al-Qur'an, Cairo, 1974, p.18.] It has also been suggested that all three verses were revealed on one occasion. The Prophet died nine nights after the last revelation.

Wasu kuma suna ganin cewa Suratul Ma'ida, aya ta 4, ita ce ta ƙarshe da aka saukar.

Others hold that Sura 5:4 was the last to be revealed:

"Yau na cika muku addininku, na cika muku ni'ima ta, kuma na yarda muku da Musulunci a matsayin addini." Ra'ayin cewa wannan ayar ita ce wahayi na ƙarshe ba shi da ƙarfi a wajen malamai da yawa, tun da an saukar da ita a lokacin hajjin ƙarshe na Annabi ﷺ. Wannan bayani yana kan wani hadisi daga 'Umar. As-Suyuɗi ya bayyana game da ayar da ke cikin Suratul Ma'ida cewa bayanta ba a saukar da wani abu game da hukunce-hukunce da halal da haram ba, kuma ta wannan ma'ana ita ce "cikar" addini. Sai dai wahayin da ke tunatar da mutum game da ranar lahira ya ci gaba, kuma wahayi na ƙarshe irin wannan shi ne ayar da ke sama. [Sabuni, tibyan pp. 18-9]

'This day I have perfected your religion for you, completed My favour upon you and have chosen for you Islam as your religion.' The opinion that this verse was the last revelation is not sound according to many scholars, since it was revealed during the last pilgrimage of the Prophet. This information is based upon a hadith from 'Umar. Suyuti explains concerning the verse in Sura 5 that after it nothing concerning ahkam and hal'al and haram was revealed, and in this sense it is the 'completion' of religion. However, revelation reminding man of the coming day of judgement continued and the last such revelation is the above verse. [Sabuni, tibyan pp. 18-9]

An Alƙur'ani an saukar da shi a matakai, cikin tsawon shekaru 23, ba a matsayin cikakken littafi a lokaci guda ɗaya ba.

The Qur'an was revealed in stages over a period of 23 years, and not as a complete book in one single act of revelation.

Akwai dalilai da dama game da haka; mafi muhimmanci su ne kamar haka:

There are a number of reasons for this; most important are the following:

Don ƙarfafa zuciyar Annabi ﷺ ta hanyar yi masa magana akai-akai da kuma duk lokacin da bukatar shiriya ta taso.

 To strengthen the heart of the Prophet by addressing him continuously and whenever the need for guidance arose.

Saboda girmamawa ga Annabi ﷺ, tun da wahayi wani abu ne mai matukar wahala a gare shi.

 Out of consideration for the Prophet since revelation was a very difficult experience for him.

Don a aiwatar da dokokin Allah a hankali.

 To gradually implement the laws of God.

Don't add notes. Translation: Domin sauƙaƙa wa muminai fahimta, aiwatarwa da haddace wahayi.

 To make understanding, application and memorization of the revelation easier for the believers.