Daga karni na goma sha shida, lokacin da aka fara amfani da injin buga littattafai mai harufa masu motsi a Turai, daga baya kuma a dukkan sassan duniya, tsarin rubutu da buga Alkur'ani ya ci gaba da daidaituwa.

From the sixteenth century, when the printing press with movable type was first used in Europe and later in all parts of the world, the pattern of writing and of printing the Qur'an was further standardised.

Akwai kwafen Alkur'ani da aka riga aka buga tun kafin wannan, a salon da ake kira buga-da-katako, kuma wasu samfura tun daga karni na goma, duka na katakon bugun da kansu da kuma takardun da aka buga, sun zo mana har yanzu.

There were already printed copies of the Qur'an before this, in the so-called block-print form, and some specimens from as early as the tenth century, both of the actual wooden blocks and the printed sheets, have come down to us.

[Grohmann, op. cit., shafi 38; Nune-nunen a Laburaren Birtaniya, Landan.] Alƙur'ani na farko da aka sani wanda aka yi amfani da rubutattun harufan bugu (movable type) wajen bugunsa an buga shi ne a Hamburg (Jamus) a shekara ta 1694. An sa dukkan harakai a rubutun. [Al-Coranus, lex islamitica Muhammedis, Officina Schultzio-Schilleriania. Hamburg, 1694; Nune No. 22.] Wataƙila Alƙur'ani na farko da musulmi suka buga shi ne abin da ake kira "bugun Mulay Usman" na shekara ta 1787, wanda aka buga a St. Petersburg, Rasha, sannan aka biyo bayansa da wasu bugu a Kazan (1828), Farisa (1833) da Istanbul (1877). [Blachere, R.: Introduction au Coran, Paris, 1947, shafi 133.] A shekara ta 1858, masanin ilimin gabas dan Jamus, Fluegel, ya samar tare da wani littafin fihirisa mai amfani abin da ake kira "bugun Fluegel" na Alƙur'ani, wanda aka buga da harshen Larabci, kuma tun daga lokacin ya kasance ana amfani da shi a wajen tsararrun masana ilimin gabas. [Fluegel, Gustav: Corani texn Arabicus. Leipzig, 1834.] Sai dai bugun Fluegel yana da wani babban aibi: tsarin lambobin ayoyinsa bai dace da yadda ake amfani da su a duniyar musulmi ba. [See e.g. 74: 31, where he makes four verses out of one.]

[Grohmann, op. cit.. p.38; Exhibition in the British Library, London.] The first extant Qur'an for which movable type was used was printed in Hamburg (Germany) in 1694. The text is fully vocalised. [Al-Coranus, lex islamitica Muhammedis, Officina Schultzio-Schilleriania. Hamburg, 1694; Exhibition No. 22.] Probably the first Qur'an printed by Muslims is the so-called 'Mulay Usman edition' of 1787, published in St. Petersburg, Russia, followed by others in Kazan (1828), Persia (1833) and Istanbul (1877). [Blachere, R.: Introduction au Coran, Paris, 1947, p. 133.] In 1858, the German orientalist Fluegel produced together with a useful concordance the so-called 'Fluegel edition' of the Qur'an, printed in Arabic, which has since been used by generations of orientalists. [Fluegel, Gustav: Corani texn Arabicus. Leipzig, 1834.] The Fluegel edition has however a very basic defect: its system of verse numbering is not in accordance with general usage in the Muslim world. [See e.g. 74: 31, where he makes four verses out of one.]

Alkur'ani a rubuce-rubuce da ake amfani da shi yanzu sosai a duniyar Musulunci, kuma yana samun karbuwa a matsayin "sigar ma'auni", shi ne abin da ake kira bugun Masar, wanda kuma aka fi sani da bugun Sarki Fu'ad, saboda an gabatar da shi a Masar a zamanin Sarki Fu'ad. Wannan bugun yana bisa karatun Hafs, kamar yadda 'Asim ya ruwaito shi, kuma an fara buga shi a birnin Alkahira a shekara ta 1925/1344H. Tun daga lokacin an buga kwafi masu yawa.

The Qur'anic text in printed form now used widely in the Muslim world and developing into a 'standard version', is the socalled 'Egyptian' edition, also known as the King Fu'ad edition, since it was introduced in Egypt under King Fu'ad. This edition is based on the reading of Hafs, as reported by 'Asim, and was first printed in Cairo in 1925/1344H. Numerous copies have since been printed.

A ƙarshe, ya kamata a ambaci Alkur'ani da mabiya Sa'id Nursi na ƙasar Turkiyya suka buga a matsayin misali na haɗa rubutun hannu mai kyau da aka yi ado da zane-zane da fasahar buga takardu ta zamani (offset). Mawallafin rubutun hannu shi ne masanin rubutun hannu na Turkiyya Hamid al-'Amidi. An fara buga shi a Istanbul a shekarar 1947, amma tun shekarar 1976 ana samar da shi a yawa da girma daban-daban a masana'antar buga littattafai da mabiya Sa'id Nursi ke gudanarwa a Berlin ta Yamma (Jamus).

Finally, the Qur'an printed by the followers of Sa'id Nursi from Turkey should be mentioned as an example of combining a hand-written beautifully illuminated text with modern offset printing technology. The text was hand written by the Turkish calligrapher Hamid al-'Amidi. It was first printed in Istanbul in 1947, but since 1976 has been produced in large numbers and various sizes at the printing press run by the followers of Sa'id Nursi in West Berlin (Germany).