Harshen Alƙur'ani - kamar yadda aka sani sosai - Larabci ne. Alƙur'ani da kansa yana ba da wata alama game da harshensa:

The language of the Qur'an - as is we11 known- is Arabic. The Qur'an itself gives some indication about its language:

"Mun saukar da shi a matsayin Alkur'ani cikin harshen Larabci domin ku fahimci hikima."

'We have sent it down as an Arabic Qur'an in order that ye may learn wisdom' (Al-Qur'an 12:

2).

2).

A wani wurin kuma ana kiran harshen Alkur'ani da "Larabci bayyananne" ('arabiyyun mubin).

In another place the language of the Qur'an is called 'pure Arabic' ('arabiyyun mubin):

"Wannan harshe (harshen Larabci) harshe ne na Larabci, tsaftatace kuma bayyananne" (16: 103).

'This (tongue) is Arabic, pure and clear' (16: 103).

Tambayar da ke tasowa ita ce: Me yasa aka saukar da Alqur'ani da harshen Larabci, ba da wani harshe ba? Dalili na farko, kuma watakila mafi bayyana, shi ne wanda aka ambata a cikin Alqur'ani kansa, watau cewa tun da manzon da zai isar da wannan saako Balarabe ne, to ya zama abu ne na al'ada a isar da saakon da harshensa:

The question that arises is: Why was the Qur'an revealed in Arabic, and not in any other language? The first and perhaps the most obvious reason is already referred to in the Qur'an, namely that because the messenger who was to announce this message was an Arab, it is only natural that the message should be announced in his language:

"Da a ce Mun saukar da shi a matsayin Alkur'ani cikin harshe banda Larabci, da sun ce: "Don me ba a bayyana ayoyinsa dalla-dalla ba?" Shin ta yiwu littafi ba cikin Larabci ba, alhali manzo Balarabe ne?" Ka ce: "Shi shiriya ne kuma waraka ga wadanda suka yi imani..."{ } (Alkur'ani 41:44).

'Had We sent this as a Qur'an (in a language) other than Arabic they could have said: Why are not its verses explained in detail? What! (a book) not in Arabic and (a messenger) an Arab? Say: It is a guide and a healing to those who believe ...' (Al-Qur'an 41: 44).

Wani dalili mai muhimmanci kuma ta shafi masu sauraron da saƙon ya fara zuwa gare su. Saƙon dole ne ya kasance cikin harshen da masu sauraron farko, watau mazauna Makka da yankunan da ke kewaye da ita, suke fahimta:

Another important reason concerns the audience which was to receive the message. The message had to be in a language understood by the audience to whom it was first addressed, i.e. the inhabitants of Makka and the surrounding areas:

Ta haka ne Muka yi maka wahayi zuwa Alƙur'ani mai harshen Larabci, domin ka yi gargaɗi ga uwar birane da waɗanda ke kewaye da ita, ka kuma yi gargaɗi game da Ranar Taruwa wadda babu shakka a cikinta, (lokacin da) wasu za su kasance a cikin Aljanna wasu kuma a cikin Wuta mai ci.

'Thus We have sent by inspiration to thee an Arabic Qur'an: that thou mayest warn the mother of the cities and all around her- and warn (them) of the day of assembly of which there is no doubt (when) some will be in the garden and some in the blazing fire' (Al-Qur'an 42: 7).

Al-Qur'ani ya ƙunshi wahayi daga Allah, kuma ainihin yanayin wahayi shi ne shiryar da ɗan adam daga duhu zuwa haske:

The Qur'an contains revelation from Allah and the true nature of revelation is to guide mankind from darkness to light:

Littafi ne da Muka saukar maka da shi domin ka fitar da mutane daga duhu zuwa haske – da izinin Ubangijinka – zuwa tafarkin (Shi) Mai girma, Mai iko, Abin yabo.

'A book which we have revealed unto thee in order that thou mightest lead mankind out of the depths of darkness into light- by the leave of thy Lord- to the way of (Him) the exalted in power, worthy of all praise' (Al-Qur'an 14: 1).

An saukar da wahayin cikin harshen manzon da mutanensa, domin a fahimce shi.

The revelation came in the language of the messenger and his people in order that it might be understood:

"Mun sanya shi Alƙur'ani cikin harshen Larabci domin ku sami damar fahimta (da koyon hikima)" (Alƙur'ani 43: 3).

'We have made it a Qur'an in Arabic that ye may be able to understand (and learn wisdom)' (Al-Qur'an 43: 3).

A cikin tsarin fahimtar saƙo akwai matakai guda biyu masu muhimmanci:

In the nrocess of understanding a message two steps are essential:

Domin karɓar saƙon daidai kuma cikakke, a wannan yanayin karɓar kalmominsa daidai kuma cikakke.

 To receive the message correctly and completely, in this case to receive its words correctly and completely.

Don "fahimtar" ma'anonin saƙon da aka karɓa.

 To 'decode' it, to grasp the meanings of the message received.

Sai dai haɗin abubuwa biyu, wato karɓa da fassara, ne kawai ke kai ga fahimtar saƙon yadda ya kamata.

Only the combination of the two elements, i.e. reception and decoding, lead to proper understanding of the message.

Ba daidai ba ne a ɗauka cewa fahimtar Alƙur'ani don samun shiriya daga gare shi ya dogara ne da sanin harshen Larabci kai tsaye, domin akwai mutane masu yawa masu magana da Larabci waɗanda ba sa fahimtar saƙon Alƙur'ani. Maimakon haka, Alƙur'ani ya gaya mana cewa shiriya ta gaskiya tana fitowa daga Allah kaɗai.

It is not correct to assume that understanding the Qur'an in order to take guidance from it depends upon direct knowledge of the Arabic language, since there are numerous Arabic-speaking people who do not understand the message of the Qur'an. Rather the Qur'an tells us that right guidance comes only from Allah:

"Wannan ita ce shiriyar Allah: Yana bayar da ita ga wanda Yake so daga cikin bayinsa ..." (Al-Qur'an 6: 88). Note: the rules asked that "God" be rendered as the Hausa word for God and never as "Allah", but in Hausa the word for God is Allah, so I have used it here.

'This is the guidance of God: He giveth that guidance to whom He pleaseth of His worshippers ...' (Al-Qur'an 6: 88).

Amma, fahimtar harshen Alkur'ani sharadi ne na fahimtar ma'anoninsa sosai. Saboda haka, Musulmi da yawa sun koyi wannan harshe. Wasu kuma, waɗanda ba su yi haka ba, suna amfani da fassarori, wanda a gare su hanya ce ta kai tsaye ta sanin harshen, domin a cikin fassarorin an fassara ma'anonin Alkur'ani zuwa harsunan uwansu, don su saba da saƙon daga Allah.

However, to understand the language of the Qur'an is a prerequisite to fully grasp its meanings. Hence many Muslims have learned this language. Others, who have not done so, make use of translations, which for them is an indirect means of knowing the language, as in the translations the meanings of the Qur'an have been rendered into their mother tongues so that they may familiarise themselves with the message from Allah.

Wannan saƙo za a iya fahimtarsa ga dukkan ɗan Adam mai shirin saurare, domin Alƙur'ani ba mai wahala ba ne, illa mai sauƙi.

This message can be understood by all human beings who are willing to listen, for the Qur'an is not difficult but easy:

"Lalle ne, mun sauƙaƙa Alƙur'ani don a haddace shi, to, akwai wanda zai yi haddar?" (Alƙur'ani 54: 17).

'We have indeed made the Qur'an easy to remember: but is there any that remembers it?' (Al-Qur'an 54: 17).

Akwai sabani tsakanin malamai game da ko harshen Alkur'ani ya ƙunshi kalmomi waɗanda ba na Larabci ba. Wasu (daga cikinsu akwai Tabari da Baqillani) suna ganin cewa dukan abin da ke cikin Alkur'ani Larabci ne, kuma kalmomin asalinsu ba na Larabawa ba waɗanda aka samu a cikin Alkur'ani duk sun kasance cikin maganganun Larabci. Duk da cewa waɗannan kalmomi asalinsu ba na Larabawa ba ne, Larabawa sun yi amfani da su, suka saba da su, kuma sun zama cikakkun haɗaka a cikin harshen Larabci.

There is some difference of opinion among scholars whether the language of the Qur'an includes expressions which are not Arabic. Some (among them Tabari and Baqillani) hold that all in the Qur'an is Arabic and that words of non-Arabic origin found in the Qur'an were nevertheless part of Arabic speech. Although these words were of non-Arab origin the Arabs used and observed them and they became genuinely integrated in the Arabic language.

Duk da haka, an yarda cewa akwai sunayen da ba na Larabci ba a cikin Alkur'ani, kamar Isra'il, Imran, Nuh, da sauransu.

However, it is conceded that there are non-Arabic proper names in the Qur'an, such as Isra'il, Imran, Nuh., etc.

Wasu sun ce Alƙur'ani yana ƙunshe da kalmomin da ba a amfani da su a harshen Larabci, misali:

Others have said that the Qur'an does contain words not used in the Arabic language, such as e.g.:

al-Qistas (17:35), wanda aka samo daga harshen Girka.

 al-Qistas (17:35), derived from the Greek language.

Al-Sijjil (15: 74), wanda aka samo daga harshen Farisanci.

 al-Sijjil (15: 74), derived from the Persian language.

Al-Ghassaq (78: 25), wanda aka samo daga harshen Turanci.

 al-Ghassaq (78: 25), derived from the Turkish language.

Al-Ṭūr (2:63), wanda aka samo daga harshen Suriyani.

 al-Tur (2:63), derived from the Syriac language.

Al-Kifl (57: 28), wanda aka samo daga harshen Habasha.