Isar da wahayi ta baki ya dogara ne ga hifz, wato haddacewa, kuma Annabi Muhammad ﷺ da kansa ne ya fara haddace wahayin bayan Mala'ika Gabriel ya kawo masa shi.

Oral transmission of the revelation was based on hifz or memorization and the Prophet Muhammad himself was the first to commit a revelation to memory after the Angel Gabriel had brought it to him:

"Kada ka motsa harshenka game da (Alƙur'ani) don ka yi gaggawar karanta shi. Namu ne tattara shi da bayyana shi; amma idan Mun bayyana shi, to ka bi karatunsa" (75: 16-19)

'Move not thy tongue concerning the (Qur'an) to make haste therewith. It is for Us to collect it and promulgate it; but when We have promulgated it, follow thou its recital' (75: 16-19)

"... wani Manzo daga wurin Allah, yana karanta littattafai masu tsarki, tsarkakakku kuma masu daraja ..." (98: 2) Note: the rules say the Hausa word for God should be used rather than "Allah", so the correct rendering is: "... wani Manzo daga wurin Ubangiji, yana karanta littattafai masu tsarki, tsarkakakku kuma masu daraja ..." (98: 2)

'... an apostle from God, rehearsing scriptures, kept pure and holy ...' (98: 2)

Sai Annabi ﷺ ya bayyana wahayin, sannan ya umurci Sahabbansa su haddace shi. Lamarin Ibn Mas'ud, wanda shi ne mutum na farko da ya karanta Alkur'ani a bainar jama'a a Makka, ya nuna cewa ko a farkon zamanin al'ummar Musulunci, Sahabbai sun yi karatun wahayin daga zuciya.

The Prophet then declared the revelation and instructed his Companions to memorise it. The case of Ibn Mas'ud, who was the first man to publicly recite the Qur'an in Makka, shows that even in the very early phase of the Islamic umma recital of the revelation from memory was practised by the Companions:

'... mutumin farko da ya karanta Alkur'ani a fili a Makka bayan Manzon Allah ﷺ shi ne 'Abdullahi bn Mas'ud. Sahabban Annabi ﷺ suka taru suka ambata cewa Kuraishawa ba su taba jin Alkur'ani yana karantuwa a fili gare su ba ... Lokacin da (Ibn Mas'ud) ya isa maqam, ya karanta "Da sunan Allah Mai rahama Mai jin kai", yana daga muryarsa yayin da yake yin haka. "Mai rahama wanda ya koyar da Alkur'ani ..." (55:1) ... Suka tashi suka fara dukansa a fuska; amma ya ci gaba da karatu har zuwa inda Allah ya so ya karanta ... [Guillaume, E.: The Life of Muhammad (abbr. as Ibn Hisham), London, 55, pp. 141-2; Ibn Hisham: Sira al-nabi, Cairo, n.d., 1, p.206.] An kuma ruwaito cewa Abu Bakr yana yin karatun Alkur'ani a fili a gaban gidansa a Makka. [Sira Ibn Hisham, The Life of Muhammad]

'... the first man to speak the Qur'an loudly in Makka after the apostle was 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud. The Prophet's Companions came together and mentioned that the Quraish had never heard the Qur'an distinctly read to them ... When (Ibn Mas'ud) arrived at the maqam, he read "In the name of God the Compassionate the Merciful", raising his voice as he did so. "The Compassionate who taught the Qur'an ..." (55:1) ... They got up and began to hit him in the face; but he continued to read so far as God willed that he should read ... [Guillaume, E.: The Life of Muhammad (abbr. as Ibn Hisham), London, 55, pp. 141-2; Ibn Hisham: Sira al-nabi, Cairo, n.d., 1, p.206.] It is also reported that Abu Bakr used to recite the Qur'an publicly in front of his house in Makka. [Sira Ibn Hisham, The Life of Muhammad]

Akwai hadisai masu yawa, da ke ba da labarin ƙoƙari da matakan da Annabi ﷺ ya ɗauka domin tabbatar da cewa wahayin ya kasance a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar Sahabbansa. Mai yiwuwa wannan shi ne mafi bayyana daga cikinsu:

There are numerous ahadith, giving account of various efforts made and measures taken by the Prophet to ensure that the revelation was preserved in the memory of his Com- panions. The following is perhaps the most clear:

"'Uthman bin 'Affan ya ruwaito: Annabi ﷺ ya ce: "Mafi girma daga cikinku (Musulmi) su ne wadanda suke koyon Alkur'ani suke kuma koyar da shi".' [Bukhari, VI, No. 546.] Haka kuma an san cewa karatun Alkur'ani a cikin sallolin yau da kullum wajibi ne, don haka sahabbai da yawa sun saurari ayoyi daga wahayin akai-akai, sun haddace su, kuma sun yi amfani da su a cikin sallah.

'Narrated 'Uthman bin 'Affan: The Prophet said: "The most superior among you (Muslims) are those who learn the Qur'an and teach it".' [Bukhari, VI, No. 546.] It is also well known that the recital of the Qur'an during the daily prayers is required and hence many Companions heard repeatedly passages from the revelation, memorized them and used them in prayer.

Annabi ﷺ ma ya saurari karatun Alƙur'ani daga sahabbai.

The Prophet also listened to the recitation of the Qur'an by the Companions.

An rawaito daga Abdullahi (ɗan Mas'ud): Manzon Allah ya ce mini: "Ka karanta mini (Alƙur'ani)". Sai na ce: "Shin zan karanta maka alhali kuwa an saukar da shi a gare ka ne?!" Sai ya ce: "Ina son in ji (Alƙur'ani) daga wasu". Don haka sai na karanta Suratun-Nisa'i har na kai ga: "To yaya zai kasance idan Muka kawo daga kowace al'umma shaida, kuma Muka kawo ka (ya Muhammadu ﷺ) a matsayin shaida a kan waɗannan mutanen?" (4:

Narrated 'Abdullah (b. Mas'ud): 'Allah's Apostle said to me: "Recite (of the Qur'an) for me". I said: "Shall I recite it to you although it had been revealed to you?!" He said: "I like to hear (the Qur'an) from others". So I recited Surat-an-Nisa' till I reached: "How (will it be) then when We bring from each nation a witness and We bring you (O Muhammad) as a witness against these people?" ' (4:

"Sai ya ce: 'Ka tsaya!' Sai ga shi, idanunsa na zubar da hawaye a lokacin." [Bukhari, VI, No. 106.]

41). 'Then he said: "Stop!" Behold, his eyes were shedding tears then.' [Bukhari, VI, No. 106.]

Annabi ﷺ ya aika malamai zuwa al'ummomi a wasu wurare don su sami koyarwa a addinin Musulunci da Alkur'ani.

The Prophet sent teachers to communities in other places so that they might receive instruction in Islam and the Qur'an.

Lamarin Mus'ab bin 'Umair yana nuna cewa haka lamarin yake ko kafin hijira:

The case of Mus'ab bin 'Umair illustrates that this was so even before the hijra:

"Lokacin da waɗannan mutane (na alkawarin farko na 'Aqaba) suka tafi (zuwa Madina), Manzon Allah ﷺ ya aika tare da su Mus'ab bin 'Umair ... ya umarce shi da karanta Alkur'ani a gare su, da koya musu Musulunci, da ba su koyarwa game da addini. A Madina ana kiran Mus'ab da suna "mai karatu"." [Ibn Hisham, shafi na 199.] Wani sananne misali kuma ya shafi Mu'adh bin Jabal, wanda aka aika zuwa Yaman don koyar da mutanen wurin.

'When these men (of the first pledge of 'Aqaba) left (for Madina) the apostle sent with them Mus'ab bin 'Umair ... and instructed him to read the Qur'an to them and to teach them Islam and to give them instruction about religion. In Madina Musiab was called "the reader".' [Ibn Hisham, p. 199.] Another well-known case concerns Mu'adh bin Jabal who was sent to Yemen to instruct the people there.

Suyuti [Itqan 1, shafi 124.] ya ambaci mutane sama da ashirin sanannu da suka haddace wahayin, daga cikinsu akwai Abu Bakr, 'Umar, 'Uthman, 'Ali, Ibn Mas'ud, Abu Huraira, 'Abdullah bin 'Abbas, 'Abdullah bin 'Amr bin al-'As, 'A'isha, Hafsa, da Umm Salama.

Suyuti [Itqan 1, p. 124.] mentions more than twenty well-known persons who memorized the revelation, among them were Abu Bakr, 'Umar, 'Uthman, 'Ali, Ibn Mas'ud, Abu Huraira, 'Abdullah bin 'Abbas, 'Abdullah bin 'Amr bin al-'As, 'A'isha, Hafsa, and Umm Salama.

Daga cikin waɗannan, Annabi ﷺ da kansa ya musamman ƙarfafa waɗannan:

From among these, the Prophet himself recommended especially the following:

An rawaito daga Masruq: 'Abdullahi bin 'Amr ya ambaci 'Abdullahi bin Mas'ud, sannan ya ce: Koyaushe zan so wannan mutumin, domin na ji Annabi ﷺ yana cewa: Ku koyi Alkur'ani daga mutum huɗu: 'Abdullahi bin Mas'ud, Salim, Mu'azu da Ubayy bin Ka'b'. [Bukhari, VI, No. 521.] Wani hadisi kuma ya sanar da mu game da sahabbai waɗanda suka haddace Alkur'ani gaba ɗaya, suka kuma yi bitarsa tare da Annabi ﷺ kafin rasuwarsa.

'Narrated Masruq: 'Abdullah bin 'Amr mentioned 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud and said: I shall ever love that man for I heard the Prophet saying: Take (learn) the Qur'an from four: 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud, Salim, Muiadh and Ubay bin Ka'b'. [Bukhari, VI, No. 521.] Another hadith informs us about those Companions who had memorized the Qur'an in its entirety and gone over it with the Prophet before his death:

'Anas bin Malik ya ruwaito daga Qatada: Na tambayi Anas bin Malik: Wane ne ya tattara Alkur'ani a zamanin Annabi ﷺ? Ya amsa: Hudu ne, dukkansu daga Ansar: Ubayy bin Ka'b, Mu'adh bin Jabal, Zaid bin Thabit da Abu Zaid.' [Bukhari, VI, Lamba 525.] Gaskiyar cewa wasu daga cikin tsoffin rahotannin tarihi sun ambaci musamman, a cikin bayanan yake-yaken da aka yi, Musulmai da aka kashe waɗanda suka haddace (wani abu na) Alkur'ani, na nuna a fili cewa haddace wahayin an ɗauke shi da muhimmanci kuma ana yin sa sosai tun farko. [See below, on collection of the Qur'an in Abu Bakr's time.]

'Narrated Qatada: I asked Anas bin Malik: Who collected the Qur'an at the time of the Prophet? He replied, Four, all of whom were from the Ansar: Ubay bin Ka'b, Mu'adh bin Jabal, Zaid bin Thabit and Aba Zaid.' [Bukhari, VI, No. 525.] The fact that some of the earliest historical reports make special mention in the accounts of the battles that were fought, of Muslims killed who knew (something of) the Qur'an by heart, gives a clear indication that memorization of the revelation was considered important and widely practised from the earliest times. [See below, on collection of the Qur'an in Abu Bakr's time.]

Saboda haka, ya tabbata cewa Sahabbai na Annabi ﷺ sun haddace Alƙur'ani a lokacin rayuwarsa. Wannan al'ada ta ci gaba tsakanin Sahabbai bayan mutuwar Annabi ﷺ, sannan daga baya tsakanin Tabi'ai da dukkan tsararrakin Musulmi da suka biyo baya, har zuwa yau.

It is therefore certain that the Qur'an had been memorized by the Companions of the Prophet during his lifetime. This tradition continued among the Companions after the Prophet's death and, later, among the tabi'un and all generations of Muslims that have followed, until today.