Mfumo wa kiuchumi katika Uislamu ni sehemu muhimu ya itikadi ya Kiislamu. Kanuni zinazohusu uchumi na fedha zimeunganishwa na kanuni nyingine zinazohusu ndoa, mahusiano ya kifamilia, siasa, maadili, ibada, imani, na nyinginezo. Zakah, mojawapo ya vipengele vya uchumi wa Kiislamu, imeteremshwa katika Qur'an pamoja na ibada ya swala katika zaidi ya aya kumi na nne kwa namna ya "simamisheni swala na toeni Zakah." Katika Surat Al-Mujadilah (sura ya 58, aya ya 4), mojawapo ya njia za kujikomboa kutokana na dhambi inayohusiana na ndoa ilikuwa kuwalisha masikini sitini. Maana halisi ya hili ni kwamba Qur'an na Sunnah ya Mtume Muhammad ﷺ zina matini zilizotawanyika zenye kanuni zinazohusu fedha na uchumi pamoja na mada nyingine. Mtume Muhammad ﷺ hakuwa mwanauchumi mwenye shahada ya uchumi. Alikuwa Nabii na Mtume wa Mwenyezi Mungu aliyepokea wahyi kuhusu mambo mbalimbali, ikiwemo uchumi. Kwa hiyo, mchakato wa kuchambua na kupanga ili kupata na kuweka utaratibu wa muundo wa kiuchumi unakuwa wa lazima.

The economic system in Islam is an integral part of the Islamic ideology. The rules related to the economy and finances are intertwined with other rules pertaining to marriage, family relations, politics, morals, rituals, beliefs, and others. Zakah, one of the components of the Islamic economy, is revealed in the Quran together with the ritual of prayer in more than fourteen verses in the form “establish the prayer and pay the Zakah.” In Surah Al-Mujadilah (chapter 48, verse 4), one of the options to recover from a marriage-related sin was to feed sixty poor people.55 What this really means is that the Quran and the Sunnah of Prophet Mohammad contain scattered texts which include rules related to finances and economy as well as to other topics. Prophet Mohammad was not an economist with a degree in economics. He was a prophet and a messenger of God who received revelation on various issues including economics. A derivation process, therefore, becomes necessary to obtain and systematize the economic structure.

Hii inamaanisha zaidi kwamba mfumo wa kiuchumi ni sehemu ya mpango mkubwa zaidi wa Uislamu, na hauwezi kutenganishwa wala na mifumo mingine (ndugu zake) wala na msingi wake (msingi wa Uislamu). Mfumo wa kiuchumi wa Uislamu unaweza kuleta matokeo yanayotarajiwa ya haki na usawa pale tu unapochukuliwa pamoja na sehemu nyingine zote za Uislamu. Hili litadhihirika tutakapojadili maendeleo ya mfumo wa kiuchumi na kifedha katika Uislamu katika sehemu inayofuata.

This further implies that the economic structure is part of a bigger schema of Islam and should not be separated either from its siblings (other systems) or root (the foundation of Islam). The economic system of Islam can and will produce the expected outcome of justice and fairness only when taken together with the rest of Islam. This will be evident when we discuss the development of the economic and financial system in Islam in the next section.

Sura hii inawasilisha mada tatu kuu. Ya kwanza ni maendeleo ya taratibu ya mfumo wa kiuchumi na kifedha wa Uislamu. Mada ya pili ni uchumi wa kisiasa katika Uislamu. Ya mwisho ni mfumo wa kifedha katika Uislamu.

This chapter presents three main topics. The first one is the gradual development of the economic and financial system of Islam. The second topic is the political economy in Islam. The last topic is the financial system in Islam.