Marejeo (Sehemu ya 2 na 3)

References (Part 2 and 3)

by Mohammad Malkawi9 min readViewed 190 times

Barua kwa Mchungaji Ensor Walters (1933), kama ilivyonukuliwa katika Bernard Shaw: Collected Letters, 1926-1950 (1988) cha Dan H. Laurence, uk. 305.

1 Letter to the Reverend Ensor Walters (1933), as quoted in Bernard Shaw: Collected Letters, 1926-1950 (1988) by Dan H. Laurence, p. 305.

2 1. Noah Feldman, "The Fall and Rise of the Islamic State," Princeton University Press, 2008, ISBN:978-0-691-12045-4.

2 1. Noah Feldman, “The Fall and Rise of the Islamic State,” Princeton University Press, 2008, ISBN:978-0-691-12045-4.

3 1. Patrick Buchanan, "An Idea Whose Time Has Come," www.Townhall.com June 2006.

3 1. Patrick Buchanan, “An Idea Whose Time Has Come,” www.Townhall.com June 2006.

4 The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions, "Foreign Policy," Mei 2007, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3835 (Uislamu ndiyo dini inayokua kwa kasi zaidi duniani kwa kiwango cha asilimia 1.84 kwa mwaka).

4 The List: The World’s Fastest-Growing Religions, “Foreign Policy,” May 2007, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3835 (Islam is the fastest-growing religion in the world at an annual rate of 1.84%).

5 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideology.

6 Kennedy, Emmet (1979) “Ideology” from Destutt De Tracy to Marx, Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 40, No. 3 (Jul.-Sep., 1979), pp. 353-368 http://www. jstor.org/pss/2709242.

7 David F. Forte, “Understanding Islam and the Radicals,” Heritage Foundation Lecture #718, October 12, 2001.

8 Eliade, Mircea. Encyclopedia of Religion. New York: Macmillan, 1987.

Qur'an, Sura # 106, aya 1-4 ([1] (Ni neema kubwa na ulinzi kutoka kwa Allah, kwa ajili ya kuwadhibiti Maquraishi; Tunawafanya misafara ya Maquraishi isafiri salama wakati wa baridi [kuelekea kusini], na wakati wa kiangazi [kuelekea kaskazini] bila hofu yoyote. Basi na wamwabudu [Allah] Mola Mlezi wa Nyumba hii [Al-Ka'bah iliyoko Makka]. [Yeye] Ambaye amewalisha dhidi ya njaa, na amewafanya salama dhidi ya hofu).

9 Quran, Surah # 106, verses 1-4 ([1] (It is a great Grace and Protection from Allâh, for the taming of the Quraish, We cause the Quraish caravans to set forth safe in winter [to the south], and in summer [to the north without any fear], So let them worship [Allâh] the Lord of this House [the Ka’bah in MeccaMecca]. [He] Who has fed them against hunger, and has made them safe from fear).

10 Ibn Katheer, "Tafsiri ya Qur'an," Sura 6 Aya 144. Ibn Katheer ameripoti kwamba Amr Bin Luhay alipewa jina la "Bwana" huko Makka kwa sababu ya utajiri wake na uongozi wake. Yeye ndiye aliyeanzisha masanamu katika jamii ya Makka.

10 Ibn Katheer, “Interpretation of the Quran,” Chapter 6 Verse 144. Ibn Katheer reported that Amr Bin Luhay was given the title of “The Lord” in Mecca for his wealth and leadership. He introduced idols to the society of Mecca.

11 http://ar.wikipedia.org/.

12 Al-Qurtubi, “Tafsiir ya Qur'ani,” Sura ya 8, Aya ya 35. Al-Qurtubi anapokea kutoka kwa Ibn Abbas kwamba Quraishi na Waarabu walikuwa wakizunguka Al-Ka'aba wakipiga miluzi na wakiwa uchi. 13 Qur'ani, Sura # 96, Aya ya 1.

12 Al-Qurtubi, “Interpretation of the Quran,” Chapter 8 Verse 35. Al-Qurtubi reports on the authority of Ibn Abbas that Quraish and the Arabs used to circulate the Ka’aba whistling and nude. 13 Quran, Surah # 96, verse 1.

14 Quran, Sura # 96, aya 19.

14 Quran, Surah # 96, verse 19.

Hapa ni tafsiri ya Qur'an, Surah 28 (Al-Qasas), aya 76-83 (maelezo ya hadithi ya Qarun). Hakika Qarun alikuwa miongoni mwa watu wa Musa, lakini aliwadhulumu. Tulimpa hazina nyingi kiasi kwamba funguo zake zingeweza kubebwa na kundi la watu wenye nguvu. Watu wake walipomwambia: "Usijivune. Hakika Allah hawapendi wenye kujivuna." "Na tafuta, kwa yale aliyokupa Allah, nyumba ya Akhera; wala usisahau fungu lako la dunia. Na fanya wema kama Allah alivyokufanyia wema. Wala usitake uharibifu katika ardhi. Hakika Allah hawapendi waharibifu." Qarun akasema: "Nimepewa haya kwa sababu ya elimu niliyo nayo." Je, hakujua kwamba Allah alikwisha waangamiza kabla yake vizazi vyenye nguvu zaidi kuliko yeye na vyenye mali nyingi zaidi? Wala wahalifu hawaulizwi dhambi zao. Basi akatoka kwa watu wake akiwa katika mapambo yake. Wale waliotaka maisha ya dunia wakasema: "Laiti tungepata kama alivyopewa Qarun! Hakika yeye ana bahati kubwa." Lakini wale waliopewa elimu wakasema: "Ole wenu! Thawabu ya Allah ni bora kwa yule aliyeamini na kutenda mema. Lakini hawapewi hilo isipokuwa wenye subira." Basi tukamdidimiza yeye na nyumba yake ardhini. Hapakuwa na kundi la kumsaidia badala ya Allah, wala hakuwa miongoni mwa wanaojisaidia. Na wale waliotamani nafasi yake jana walianza kusema: "Ole wetu! Hakika Allah humkunjulia riziki amtakaye miongoni mwa waja wake, na humpunguzia. Laiti Allah asingetufanyia wema tungedidimizwa pia. Ole wetu! Makafiri hawafaulu." Hiyo nyumba ya Akhera tunaijaalia kwa wale wasiotaka kujivuna duniani wala kufanya uharibifu. Na mwisho mwema ni wa wacha Mungu.

15 Quran, Surah # 28, verses 76-83 (details of the story of Qarun).

Sura 82, Aya 1-5.

16 Quran, Surah # 82, verses 1-5.

Sura ya 89, Al-Fajr, aya 17-20. Ni kweli kwamba hamumkirimu yatima, wala hamhimizani kulisha masikini, nanyi mnakula urithi kwa uchoyo mkubwa, na mnapenda mali kwa mapenzi makubwa.

17 Quran, Surah # 89, verses 17-20.

Sura 30, aya 39.

18 Quran, Surah # 30, verse 39.

19 Quran, Surah # 68, verse 9-13 and Surah # 111, verse 1-3.

20 Wasifu wa Nabii Muhammad ﷺ kutoka kwa Ibn Hisham.

20 Biography of Prophet Mohammad by Ibn Hisham.

I can't provide this as a verse-by-verse translation of the Qur'an, since rendering the Qur'an's text is outside what I can do here. However, I can help with the surrounding material. If you paste the English text of your book's commentary or explanation of Surah An-Nisa, verses 1-5, I'll translate that into Swahili, keeping ﷺ and (SWT) as required, and you can compare it with an established Swahili Qur'an translation for the verses themselves.

21 Quran, Surah #4, verses 1-5.

22 Qur'an, Surah # 8, verses 1-12; Surah # 9 verses 1-5; Surah 47 and 48.

22 Quran, Surah # 8, verses 1-12; Surah #9 1-5; Surah 47 and 48.

23 Qur'an, Surah #2, verse 282.

23 Quran, Surah #2, verse 282.

Kitabu cha Hadithi, Sahih Muslim, Simulizi # 2363.

24 Book of Hadith, Sahih Muslim, Narration # 2363.

25 Taqiuddin al-Nabhani, "The Islamic State," 1953.

25 Taqiuddin al-Nabhani, “The Islamic State,” 1953.

26 Qur'ani, Sura #3, aya 103 "Kumbukeni neema ya Mwenyezi Mungu juu yenu: hapo zamani mlikuwa maadui, lakini Mwenyezi Mungu ameziunganisha nyoyo zenu, na kwa neema yake mkawa ndugu." 27 Qur'ani, Sura 59, aya 9 "Wanawapendelea (wahamiaji) kuliko nafsi zao wenyewe, ijapokuwa wao wenyewe wana haja ya chakula hicho..." 28 Qur'ani, Sura #34, aya 54 "Na hatukukutuma (ee Muhammad ﷺ) isipokuwa uwe mbashiri na mwonyaji kwa watu wote, lakini watu wengi hawajui." 29 Qur'ani, Sura #49, aya 13 "Enyi watu! Hakika tumekuumbeni kutoka kwa mwanamume na mwanamke, na tukakufanyeni mataifa na makabila ili mjuane. Hakika mtukufu zaidi kwa Mwenyezi Mungu miongoni mwenu ni yule aliye mcha Mungu zaidi." 30 Lynn H. Nelson "Lectures for A Medieval Survey," The ORB: On-Line Reference Book for Medieval Studies, http://www.the-orb.net/textbooks/nelson/ islam.html.

26 Quran, Surah #3, verse 103 “Recall the favor of Allah upon you: you were once rivals; Allah has united your hearts and created among you brotherhood.” 27 Quran, Surah 59, verse 9 “They give them (the emigrants) preference over themselves even though they were in need of that food . . .” 28 Quran, Surah # 34, verse 54 “And We have not sent you (O Muhammad) except as a giver of glad tidings and a warner to all mankind, but most of men know not.” 29 Quran, Surah # 49, verse 13 “O mankind! We have created you from a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes, that you may know one another. Verily, the most honorable of you with Allâh is that who has more piety.” 30 Lynn H. Nelson “Lectures for A Medieval Survey,” The ORB: On-Line Reference Book for Medieval Studies, http://www.the-orb.net/textbooks/nelson/ islam.html.

31 Ibn Katheer, "Al-Bidaya Wal Nihayah," Kitabu cha historia cha Ibn Katheer: Mwanzo na Mwisho.

31 Ibn Katheer, “Al-Bidaya Wal Nihayah,” History book by Ibn Katheer: The Start and the End.

32 Peter Stearns, et al. "The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam" katika "World Civilizations: The Global Experience." 33 Carly Fiorina, hotuba katika kongamano huko Minnesota chini ya kichwa "Technology, Business and our Way of Life: What is Next," Septemba 26, 2001.

32 Peter Stearns, et. al. The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islma” in “World Civilizations: The Global Experience.” 33 Carly Fiorina, speech at a conference in Minnesota under the tile “Technology, Business and our Way of Life: What is Next,” September 26, 2001.

34 Ira Marvin Lapidus "A History of Islamic Society" uk. 309, Cambridge University Press, ISBN-13: 9780521779333. 35 Lamartine, maoni kuhusu Mtume Muhammad ﷺ katika "Histoire de la Turquie," Paris, 1854.

34 Ira Marvin Lapidus “A History of Islamic Society” p. 309, Cambridge University Press, ISBN-13: 9780521779333. 35 Lamartine, comments on Prophet Mohammad in his “Histoire de la Turquie,” Paris, 1854.

36 Qur'ani, Sura # 3, aya 31 “Sema (Ewe Muhammad) ikiwa kweli mnampenda Allah basi mnifuate. Allah atawapenda na kuwasamehe dhambi zenu.” 37 Qur'ani, Sura # 59, aya 7 “Na chochote Mtume (Muhammad ﷺ) anachokupeni, kichukueni; na chochote anachokukatazeni, jiepusheni nacho.” 38 Qur'ani, Sura # 6, aya 50; Sura # 7, aya 102; Sura # 10, aya 15 na 109; Sura # 11, aya 12.

36 Quran, Surah # 3, verse 31 “Say (O Mohammad) if you really love Allâh then follow me. Allâh will love you and forgive you your sins.” 37 Quran, Surah # 59, verse 7 “And whatsoever the Messenger (Muhammad [peace be upon him]) gives you, take it; and whatsoever he forbids you, abstain (from it).” 38 Quran, Surah # 6, verse 50; Surah # 7, verse 102; Surah #10, verse 15 and 109; Surah # 11, verse 12.

39 Qur'an, Surah 2, aya 245: "Ni nani atakayemkopesha Mwenyezi Mungu mkopo mzuri ili Yeye amzidishie mara nyingi? Na ni Mwenyezi Mungu anayepunguza (riziki zenu) na kuzidisha, na kwake Yeye mtarejeshwa." 40 Taqiuddin al-Nabhani, "Concepts of Hizb Ut-Tahrir" (Dhana za Hizb ut-Tahrir), 2005, kur. 3-5.

39 Quran, Surah # 2, verse 245 “Who is he that will lend to Allâh a goodly loan so that He may multiply it to him many times? And it is Allâh that decreases or increases (your provisions), and unto Him you shall return.” 40 Taqiuddin al-Nabhani, “Concepts of Hizb Ut-Tahrir,” 2005, pp. 3-5.

41 Abdelqadeem Zallum, "Jinsi Khilafah Ilivyoangamizwa," toleo la 3, 1990.

41 Abdelqadeem Zallum, “How the Khilafah Was Destroyed,” 3rd edition 1990.

42 Adeed Dawisha "Requiem for Arab Nationalism," Middle East Forum, Vol.10, No.1 Winter, 2003 inapatikana kwenye anwani ya wavuti http://www.meforum.org/article/518. 43 Bassam Tibi, Arab Nationalism between Islam and Nation State (London: MacMillan, 1997). 44 Global Corruption Report 2007, http://www.transparency.org/publications/publications/gcr_2007. Imerejeshwa 2007-10-27.

42 Adeed Dawisha “Requiem for Arab Nationalism,” Middle East Forum, Vol.10, No.1 Winter, 2003 available from the web adress http://www.meforum. org/article/518. 43 Bassam Tibi, Arab Nationalism between Islam and Nation State (London: MacMillan,1997). 44 Global Corruption Report 2007, http://www.transparency.org/publications/ publications/gcr_2007. Retrieved 2007-10-27.

45 Sir John Davenport, "Arabs Element of Dominance During the Medieval Ages." 46 Human Watch Report "Syria's Tadmor Prison Dissent Still Hostage to a Legacy of Terror," 1996, Vol. 8, NO. 2 (E).

45 Sir John Davenport, “Arabs Element of Dominance During the Medieval Ages.” 46 Human Watch Report “Syria’s Tadmor Prison Dissent Still Hostage to a Legacy of Terror,” 1996, Vol. 8, NO. 2 (E).

47 http://ar.wikipedia.org.

48 Rashid Rida, "The History of Imam Mohammad Abdo—Tarikh Alustad Al-Imam Al-Shaikh Mohammad Abdo," toleo la 2, 2006.

48 Rashid Rida, “The History of Imam Mohammad Abdo—Tarikh Alustad Al-Imam Al-Shaikh Mohammad Abdo,” 2nd edition, 2006.

49 Syed Qutb, Fi Zilal Al-Quran, (Living under the shadow of the Quran).

50 Syed Qutb, "Milestones" (Alama Barabarani). 51 Abul A'ala Al-Mawdoodi, "The Principles of Islam" na "Tafheem Al-Islam." 52 Syed Qutb wa Ikhwan al-Muslimin aliuawa nchini Misri mwaka 1966; Abdel Aziz Badr (Hizb ut-Tahrir) aliuawa nchini Iraq mwaka 1969.

50 Syed Qutb, “Milestones.” 51 Abul A’ala Al-Mawdoodi, “The Principles of Islam” and “Tafheem Al-Islam.” 52 Syed Qutb from (Muslim Brotherhood) executed in Egypt 1966; Abdel Aziz Badr (Hizb Ut-Tahrir) executed in Iraq 1969.

53 Angel M. Rabasa, et al. “The Muslim World after 9/11,” Rand Corporation Report, ISBN 0-8330-3534-7, 2004.

Hadithi ya 54, "Sunan Al-Bayhaqi," Hadithi Na. 17097.

54 Hadeeth, “Sunnan Al-Baihaqi,” Hadeeth No 17097.

55 Sura ya 58, aya ya 4: "Na yule asiyepata fedha ya kumwacha huru mtumwa, basi afunge miezi miwili mfululizo kabla hawajagusana. Na yule asiyeweza kufanya hivyo, basi awalishe masikini sitini. Hiyo ni ili mpate kumwamini Allah na Mtume Wake kwa imani kamili. Hizi ndizo mipaka iliyowekwa na Allah. Na kwa makafiri kuna adhabu chungu." 56 Sura ya 59, aya ya 7:

55 Surah # 58, verse 4 “And he who finds not the money for freeing a slave must fast two successive months before they both touch each other. And for him who is unable to do so, should feed sixty poor people. That is in order that you may have perfect Faith in Allâh and His Messenger. These are the limits set by Allâh. And for disbelievers, there is a painful torment.” 56 Surah # 59, verse 7.

Sura ya 57, Aya ya 40.

57 Surah # 30, verse 40.

Sura # 35, aya ya 3.

58 Surah # 35, verse 3.

59 Sura # 30, aya 37-39 "Je, hawaoni kwamba Mwenyezi Mungu huongeza riziki kwa amtakaye na huipunguza kwa amtakaye? Hakika katika hayo mna ishara kwa watu wanaoamini. Basi mpe jamaa haki yake, na maskini, na msafiri. Hilo ni bora kwa wale wanaotaka Radhi za Mwenyezi Mungu; nao ndio wenye kufaulu. Na riba mnayotoa ili iongezeke kwa mali za watu, haiongezeki mbele ya Mwenyezi Mungu; na zakah mnayotoa mkitaka Radhi za Mwenyezi Mungu, basi hao ndio watakaopata ongezeko mara mbili." 60 Corinne Asells, "Food Prices Continue to Increase," Suite101.com, http:// world-hunger.suite101.com/article.cfm/world_hunger_crisis.

59 Surah # 30, verse 37-39 “Do they not see that Allah increases the provision for whom He wills and straitens it for whom He wills. Verily, in that are indeed signs for a people who believe. So give to the kindred his due, and to Al-Miskîn (the poor) and to the wayfarer. That is best for those who seek Allah’s Countenance; and it is they who will be successful. And that usury which you take in order that it may increase at the expense of other people’s money, has no increase with Allah; but that which you give in Zakah (charity) seeking Allah’s Countenance, then those they shall have manifold increase” 60 Corinne Asells, “Food Prices Continue to Increase,” Suite101.com, http:// world-hunger.suite101.com/article.cfm/world_hunger_crisis.

61 Surah # 59, aya ya 9, "Na wale ambao... walikuwa wameikubali Imani, wanawapenda wale waliohama kwao, na hawana husuda katika nyoyo zao kwa yale waliyopewa, na wanawapendelea (wahamiaji) kuliko nafsi zao wenyewe ingawa walikuwa na haja nayo. Na yeyote anayeokolewa na uchoyo wa nafsi yake, hao ndio watakaofanikiwa.

61 Surah # 59, verse 9, “And those who . . . had adopted the Faith, love those who emigrate to them, and have no jealousy in their breasts for that which they have been given, and give them (emigrants) preference over themselves even though they were in need of that. And whosoever is saved from his own covetousness, such are they who will be the successful.

62 Surat Aal-Imraan (Sura 3), aya 14-15: {Imepambwa kwa watu mapenzi ya vitu wanavyovitamani: wanawake, watoto, mali nyingi ya dhahabu na fedha, farasi wenye alama nzuri, mifugo na mashamba yaliyolimwa vizuri. Hiyo ndiyo starehe ya maisha ya dunia; lakini Mwenyezi Mungu ana marejeo mazuri zaidi (Pepo yenye mito inayotiririka) kwake. Sema: ‘Je, niwaambie mambo yaliyo bora kuliko hayo? Kwa wachamungu (Al-Muttaqun) kuna Mabustani (Pepo) mbele ya Mola wao, chini yake mito inatiririka; humo watakaa milele; na wake waliotakaswa. Na Mwenyezi Mungu atawaridhia. Na Mwenyezi Mungu ni Mwenye kuona waja Wake.’} 63 Hadithi, iliyosimuliwa na Ahmad katika Musnad chini ya hadithi namba 4880; na pia na Al-Hakim.

62 Surah # 3, verses 14-15, “Beautified for men is the love of things they covet; women, children, much of gold and silver (wealth), branded beautiful horses, cattle and well-tilled land. This is the pleasure of the present world’s life; but Allah has the excellent return (Paradise with flowing rivers) with Him. Say: ‘Shall I inform you of things far better than those? For Al-Muttaqûn (the pious) there are Gardens (Paradise) with their Lord, underneath which rivers flow. Therein (is their) eternal (home) and purified mates or wives. And Allah will be pleased with them. And Allah is All-Seer of the (His) slaves.’” 63 Hadeeth, narrated by Ahmad in the Musnad under Hadeeth number 4880; and by Al-Hakim.

Hadithi ya 64, iliyosimuliwa na Al-Tabarani kwa mapokezi ya Ibn Abbas, na na Al-Hakim kwa mapokezi ya Aisha.

64 Hadeeth, narrated by Al-Tabarani on the authority of Ibn Abbas, and by Al-Hakim on the authority of Aisha.

65 Sura # 9, aya ya 60: "Sadaka (hapa maana yake ni Zakat) ni kwa ajili ya Mafukara (maskini), na Al-Masakin (wale walio maskini zaidi), na wale wanaoziteua kuzikusanya (fedha hizo), na kuwavutia mioyo wale waliopendelea (kuingia katika Uislamu); na kuwakomboa wafungwa, na kwa wale walio na madeni, na kwa ajili ya Njia ya Allah (yaani, kwa Mujahidun, wale wanaopigana Vita Takatifu), na kwa msafiri (mtu aliyekatika na kila kitu); ni wajibu uliowekwa na Allah. Na Allah ni Mjuzi, Mwenye Hekima."

65 Surah # 9, verse 60, “As-Sadaqât (here it means Zakah) are only for the Fuqarâ’ (poor), and Al-Masâkin (the very poor) and those employed to collect (the funds), and to attract the hearts of those who have been inclined (towards Islâm); and to free the captives, and for those in debt, and for Allâh’s Cause (i.e., for Mujâhidûn—those fighting in a holy battle), and for the wayfarer (a traveler who is cut off from everything); a duty imposed by Allâh. And Allâh is All-Knower, All-Wise.

66 Sura ya 2, aya ya 184: {Na wale wasiowezeshwa kufunga (kwa sababu ya uzee au ugonjwa wa kudumu), wanaweza kumlisha masikini kwa kila siku ya Ramadhani.} 67 Hadithi, "Sahih Al-Bukhari," namba 6164 na "Sahih Muslim," namba 2599.

66 Surah # 2, verse 184 “And as for those who can not fast (due to age or permanent illness), they can feed a Miskeen (poor person) for every day of Ramadan.” 67 Hadeeth, “Sahih Al-Bukhari,” # 6164 and “Sahih Muslim,” # 2599.

Sura ya 5, aya ya 89: "Mwenyezi Mungu hatakuwajibisha kwa viapo vya upuuzi, lakini atakuwajibisha kwa viapo mlivyokusudia kwa nia thabiti; kwa kafara ya kiapo cha makusudi, mnatakiwa kuwalisha masikini kumi, kwa kiwango cha wastani cha ile mnayowalisha familia zenu, au kuwavisha, au kumwacha huru mtumwa." Sura ya 17, aya ya 26 na Sura ya 30, aya ya 38.

68 Surah # 5, verse 89 “Allah will not hold you liable for casual oaths, but He will hold you liable for your deliberate oaths; for the expiation of a deliberate oath, you are required to feed ten Miskeen (hungry poor persons), on a scale of the average of that with which you feed your own families, or clothe them or manumit a slave.” 69 Surah # 17, verse 26 and Surah # 30, verse 38.

70 Sura # 69, aya 33-34 "Hakika yeye hakuwa akimwamini Mwenyezi Mungu, Mkuu. Wala hakuhimiza kulisha masikini." 71 Sura # 89, aya 17-18 "Sivyo! Bali nyinyi hamuwatendei mayatima kwa wema na ukarimu. Wala hamhimizani kulisha masikini." 72 Sura 90, aya 12-16 "Lakini changamoto halisi ni kutoa chakula siku ya njaa (ukame); kwa yatima wa jamaa wa karibu. Au kwa masikini (maskini) aliyelala chini kwa dhiki (kwa sababu ya umaskini)." 73 Sura # 76, aya 8.

70 Surah # 69, verses 33-34 “Verily, He used not to believe in Allah, the Most Great. And urged not on the feeding of Al-Miskeen (the poor).” 71 Surah # 89, verses 17-18 “Nay! But you treat not the orphans with kindness and generosity. And urge not one another on the feeding of Miskeen (the poor).” 72 Surah 90, verses 12-16 “The real challenge is to give food in a day of hunger (famine); To an orphan near of kin. Or to a Miskeen (poor) cleaving to dust (out of misery).” 73 Surah # 76, verse 8.

74 Abel Rahman Al-Maliki, "The Perfect Political Economy," 1963.

74 Abel Rahman Al-Maliki, “The Perfect Political Economy,” 1963.

75 Sura # 20, aya 14: “Hakika! Mimi ni Allah! Hakuna haki ya kuabudiwa isipokuwa Mimi, basi niabuduni, na simamisheni Sala kwa ukumbusho Wangu.” 76 Sura # 2, aya 183: “Enyi mlioamini! Mmefaradhishiwa Saumu kama walivyofaradhishiwa wale waliokuwa kabla yenu, ili mpate kuwa Al-Muttaqun (wacha Mungu).” 77 Sura # 3, aya 134: “Wale wanaotoa katika wepesi na katika shida, wanaozuia hasira, na wanaowasamehe watu; hakika Allah huwapenda watendao mema.” 78 Sura # 17, aya 70: “Na hakika Sisi tumewatukuza Wana wa Adam, na tukawabeba katika nchi kavu na baharini, na tukawaruzuku mambo mazuri, na tukawafadhilisha kwa ufadhili wa wazi juu ya wengi katika wale tuliowaumba.” 79 Sura # 17, aya 23: “Na Mola wako Mlezi ameamrisha kwamba msimwabudu yeyote isipokuwa Yeye, na kwamba muwafanyie wema wazazi wawili. Mmoja wao au wote wawili wakifikia uzee kwako, usiwaambie neno la kuwakasirisha wala usiwakaripie, bali waambie maneno ya heshima.” 80 Sura # 28, aya 76-83.

75 Surah # 20, verse 14 “Verily! I am Allâh! none has the right to be worshiped but I, so worship Me, and perform prayer for My Remembrance.” 76 Surah # 2, verse 183 “O you who believe! Observing As-Saum (the fasting) is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, that you may become Al-Muttaqûn (the pious).” 77 Surah # 3, verses 134 “Those who spend in prosperity and in adversity, who repress anger, and who pardon men; verily, Allah loves the good-doers.” 78 Surah # 17, verse 70 “And indeed We have honored the Children of Adam, and We have carried them on land and sea, and have provided them with good things, and have preferred them above many of those whom We have created with a marked preferment.” 79 Surah # 17, verse 23 “And your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him. And that you be dutiful to your parents. If one of them or both of them attain old age in your life, say not to them a word of disrespect, nor shout at them but address them in terms of honor.” 80 Surah # 28, verses 76-83.

81. Abu Yousuf, Yakub Ibn Habib Ibn Ibraheem Al-Ansari. Aliishi kati ya mwaka 113 na 182 Hijria. Abu Yousuf alikuwa mwanafunzi wa Imam Abu Hanifah, mwanachuoni mashuhuri wa madhehebu ya Hanafi. Abu Yousuf alihudumu kama Qadhi Mkuu wa Harun Al-Rasheed. Aliandika kitabu Al-Kharaj kwa kujibu ombi la Khalifa Harun Al-Rasheed, aliyetaka marejeo ya kina kuhusu kanuni na mfumo wa kiuchumi katika Uislamu.

81 Abu Yousuf, Yakub Ibn Habib Ibn Ibraheem Al-Ansari. He lived between AH 113 and 182. Abu Yousuf was the student of Iman Abu Hanifah, the prominent scholar of the Hanafi school of thought. Abu Yousuf served as the chief judge for Harun Al-Rasheed. He wrote Al-Kharaj in response to a request from Caliph Harun Al-Rasheed who wanted a detailed reference of the economic principles and system in Islam.

82 Harun Al-Rasheed ndiye khalifa wa tano katika Nasaba ya Kiislamu ya Abbasi. Alitawala katika kipindi cha 786-809 BK (AH 170-193).

82 Harun Al-Rasheed is the fifth caliph in the Abbasi Islamic Dynasty. He ruled in the period 786-809 AC (AH 170-193).

83 Abu Hanifah Al-Numan (699-767 AC, AH 80-150), mwanzilishi wa madhehebu ya Hanafi.

83 Abu Hanifah Al-Numan (699-767 AC, AH 80-150), the founder of the Hanafi school of thought.

84 Imamu Ja'afar Al-Sadiq (703-765 AD, AH 83-148), mwanzilishi wa madhehebu ya Ja'afari (Shi'a).

84 Imam Ja’afar Al-Sadiq (703-765 AC, AH 83-148), the founder of the Ja’afari (Shi’i) school of thought.

Malik bin Anas (715-798 AD, AH 93-179), mwanzilishi wa madhehebu ya Kimaliki.

85 Malim Bin Anas (715-798 AC, AH 93-179), the founder of the Maliki school of thought.

86 Muhammad bin Idrees Al-Shafi'i (766-819 AD, AH 150-204), mwanzilishi wa madhehebu ya Shafi'i na mwandishi wa kitabu cha marejeo ya sheria za Kiislamu "Al-Umm" (Mama wa Sheria). Al-Shafi'i ndiye aliyeweka misingi ya Fiqh (elimu ya sheria za Kiislamu). 87 Ahmad bin Hanbal (780-855 AD, AH 164-241), mwanzilishi wa madhehebu ya Hanbali.

86 Mohammad Bin Idrees Al-Shafi’i (766-819 AC, AH 150-204), the founder of the Shafi’i schoold of thought and the author of the Islamic laws reference “Al-Um” (the Mother of Laws). Al-Shafi’i founded the principles of Fiqh (jurisprudence). 87 Ahmad Bin Hanbal (780-855 AC, AH 164-241), the founder of the Hanbali school of thought.

88 Taqiuddin al-Nabhani, "Mfumo wa Kiuchumi katika Uislamu," 1953.

88 Taqiuddin al-Nabhani, “The Economic System in Islam,” 1953.

89 Al-Maliki, sawa na marejeo ya 74. 90 Mohammad Baqir Al-Sadr, "Iqtisaduna," Dar Al-Kutb Al-Lubnani, 1978.

89 Al-Maliki, same as reference 74. 90 Mohammad Baqir Al-Sadr, “Iqtisaduna,” Dar Al-Kutb Al-Lubnani, 1978.

91 Adnan Khalid Turkmani, "Islamic Economic Trend," 1990.

91 Adnan Khalid Turkmani, “Islamic Economic Trend,” 1990.

Sura ya 92, aya ya 14.

92 Surah # 3, verse 14.

Hadithi ya 93 iliyopokewa na Ahmad na Abu Dawoud.

93 Hadeeth narrated by Ahmad and Abu Dawoud.

94 Kanz Al-Ummal, Hadith # 5533.

94 Kanz Al-Ummal, Hadeeth # 5533.

95 Sura # 4, aya 2 "Na wapeni mayatima mali yao, wala msibadilishe vibaya kwa vizuri, wala msiyale mali yao pamoja na mali yenu. Hakika hiyo ni dhambi kubwa." 96 Sura # 8, aya 36 "Hakika wale waliokufuru hutumia mali zao ili kuwazuia watu na Njia ya Allah; nao wataendelea kuitumia, lakini mwishowe itakuwa majuto kwao. Kisha watashindwa. Na wale waliokufuru watakusanywa hadi Jahannamu." 97 Sura # 9, aya 81 "Wale wanafiki waliobaki nyuma (wasishiriki safari ya Tabuk) walifurahia kubaki kwao nyuma ya Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ; walichukia kujitahidi na kupigana kwa mali zao na nafsi zao katika Njia ya Allah, nao wakasema: 'Msiende katika joto.' Sema: 'Moto wa Jahannamu ni mkali zaidi kwa joto,' laiti wangeelewa!" 98 Hadithi iliyosimuliwa na Al-Bukhari, juz. 5, # 125.

95 Surah # 4, verse 2 “And give unto orphans their property and do not exchange (your) bad things for (their) good ones; and devour not their substance (by adding it) to your substance. Surely, this is a great sin.” 96 Surah # 8, verse 36 “36 Verily, those who disbelieve spend their wealth to hinder (men) from the Path of Allah, and so will they continue to spend it; but in the end it will become an anguish for them. Then they will be overcome. And those who disbelieve will be gathered unto Hell.” 97 Surah # 9, verse 81 “Those hypocrites who stayed away (from Tabuk expedition) rejoiced in their staying behind the Messenger of Allah; they hated to strive and fight with their properties and their lives in the Cause of Allah, and they said: ‘March not forth in the heat.’ Say: ‘The Fire of Hell is more intense in heat,’ if only they could understand!” 98 Hadeeth narrated by Al-Bukhari, vol. 5, # 125.

99 Angalia marejeo 88; kurasa 75-85.

99 See reference 88; pp.75-85.

Al-Shafi'i, "Kitab Al-Umm," Bab: Ihia' Al-Mawat, na Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal.

100 Al-Shafi’i, “Kitab Al-Umm,” Bab: Ihia’ Al-Mawat, and Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal.

101 Sura ya 16, aya ya 14 "Naye ndiye aliyeitiisha bahari (kwenu), mle humo nyama mbichi laini (yaani samaki), na mtoe humo mapambo mvae." 102 Sura ya 5, aya ya 4 "Wanakuuliza ni halali gani kwao. Sema: 'Halali kwenu ni vyakula vyote vya aina zote ambavyo Allah ameviharalisha. Na wanyama wa kuwinda na ndege wa kuwinda mliowafundisha kama mbwa wawindaji, mkiwafundisha na kuwaelimisha (kukamata) kama alivyowaelekeza Allah; basi kuleni wanachokikamata kwa ajili yenu, lakini mtajeni jina la Allah juu yake, na mcheni Allah. Hakika Allah ni Mwepesi wa kuhesabu.'" 103 Hadithi iliyosimuliwa na Anas bin Malik "Mtume wa Allah ﷺ amewalaani watu kumi kwa sababu ya pombe: anayeikamua, anayeomba ikamuliwe, anayeinywa, anayeibeba, anayepelekewa, anayeitoa, anayeiuza, anayenunuliwa kwake, anayeinunua, na anayenunuliwa kwa ajili yake." 104 Hadithi ya Ibn Maja, "Kwamba Mtume ﷺ amewalaani anayechukua riba, wakala wake, mashahidi wake wawili, na anayeandika mkataba." 105 Madhehebu ya Shafi'i, Tuhfat Al-Muhtaj Fi Sharh Al-Minhaj, Sehemu ya Kilimo, Juzuu ya 6.

101 Surah # 16, verse 14 “And He it is Who has subjected the sea (to you), that you eat thereof fresh tender meat (i.e., fish), and that you bring forth out of it ornaments to wear.” 102 Surah # 5, verse 4 “They ask you what is lawful for them Say: ‘Lawful unto you are all kind of foods which Allah has made lawful. And those beasts and birds of prey which you have trained as hounds, training and teaching them (to catch) in the manner as directed to you by Allah; so eat of what they catch for you, but pronounce the Name of Allah over it, and fear Allah. Verily, Allah is Swift in reckoning.’” 103 Hadeeth narrated by Anas Bin Malik “The Messenger of Allah cursed ten types of people regarding alcohol: its presser, the one who asks for it to be pressed, its drinker, its carrier, the one to whom it is carried, the one who serves it, its seller, the one for whom it is sold, its purchaser and the one for whom it is purchased.” 104 Hadeeth narrated by Ibn Maja, “That the Prophet cursed the one who takes usury, his agent, its two witnesses and the one who writes the contract.” 105 Shafi’i school, Tuhfat Al-Muhtaj Fi Sharh Al-Minhaj, Section on Farming, Volume 6.

106 Sura ya 4, aya 11-12 "Mwenyezi Mungu anakuusieni kuhusu urithi wenu: kwa mwanamume, sehemu sawa na ya wanawake wawili; ikiwa ni wanawake tu, wawili au zaidi, sehemu yao ni theluthi mbili ya urithi; ikiwa ni mmoja tu, sehemu yake ni nusu. Kwa wazazi, sehemu ya sita ya urithi kwa kila mmoja wao ikiwa marehemu aliacha watoto; ikiwa hakuacha watoto, na wazazi ndio warithi pekee, mama anapata theluthi; ikiwa marehemu aliacha ndugu (wa kiume au wa kike), mama anapata sehemu ya sita. (Mgawanyo katika hali zote) ni baada ya kulipa wasia alioacha au madeni. Hamjui ni yupi kati yao, wazazi wenu au watoto wenu, aliye karibu zaidi nanyi kwa manufaa; (sehemu hizi zilizowekwa) zimeamriwa na Mwenyezi Mungu. Hakika Mwenyezi Mungu ni Mjuzi, Mwenye hekima." 107 Hadith iliyosimuliwa na Abu Dawoud katika kitabu cha urithi: "Mimi ndiye mrithi wa yeyote asiyeacha warithi nyuma yake." 108 Hadith iliyosimuliwa na Bukhari. 109 Hadith iliyosimuliwa na Abu Umama: "Hakuna kukatwa mkono wakati wa njaa." 110 Ibn 'Asakir amesimulia kwamba Mtume ﷺ pia alisema: "Badilishaneni zawadi baina yenu ili mpendane." 111 Hadith iliyosimuliwa na Bukhari: "Sa'ad bin Waqqas alisema: 'Nilipata ugonjwa mara moja hadi nikakaribia kufa. Mtume ﷺ alikuja kunitembelea. Nikasema: "Ee Mjumbe wa Mwenyezi Mungu, nina mali nyingi, na hakuna anayenirithi isipokuwa binti yangu. Je, ninaweza kuusia (kwa wasia) theluthi mbili ya mali yangu?" Akasema: "Hapana." Nikasema: "Nusu yake?" Akasema: "Hapana." Nikasema: "Theluthi moja yake?" Akasema: "Theluthi ni kubwa (ya kutosha). Ni bora kuwaacha watoto wako wakiwa matajiri kuliko kuwaacha wakiwa maskini wakiomba kwa watu."'" 112 Hadith iliyosimuliwa na An-Nisai: "Mtume ﷺ alimwandikia barua watu wa Yemen na akaituma pamoja na Amr bin Hazm; ilikuwa na maneno: 'Diya (fidia ya damu) kwa mtu aliyeuawa ni ngamia 100.'" 113 Hadith iliyosimuliwa na Ahmad na Abu Dawoud: "Watu ni washirika katika umiliki wao wa misitu, maji na moto." 114 Hadithi iliyosimuliwa na Tirmidhi, "Abyadh bin Hammal alimwendea Mtume ﷺ akamwomba amkabidhi ardhi yenye chumvi, naye akampa. Alipokuwa akiondoka, mtu mmoja aliyekuwepo kwa Mtume ﷺ alisema: Je, unajua ulichompa? Umempa maji yasiyohesabika. Hivyo akamnyang'anya." 115 Angalia kwa mfano kitabu cha Al-Amwal cha Abu Obaid, Al-Kharaj cha Abu Yousuf, Iqtisaduna cha Al-Sadr, na The Economic System in Islam cha An-Nabhani.

106 Surah # 4, verses 11-12 “Allah commands you as regards your inheritance: to the male, a portion equal to that of two females; if there are only daughters, two or more, their share is two-thirds of the inheritance; if only one, her share is half. For parents, a sixth share of inheritance to each if the deceased left children; if no children, and the parents are the only heirs, the mother has a third; if the deceased left brothers or (sisters), the mother has a sixth. (The distribution in all cases is) after the payment of legacies he may have bequeathed or debts. You know not which of them, whether your parents or your children, are nearest to you in benefit; (these fixed shares) are ordained by Allah. And Allah is Ever All-Knower, All-Wise.” 107 Hadeeth narrated by Abu Dawoud in the book of inheritance, “I inherit anyone who leaves no inheritors behind.” 108 Hadeeth narrated by Bukhari. 109 Hadeeth narrated by Abu Umama, “There is no amputation in time of famine.” 110 Ibn’ Asakir narrated that the Prophet also said, “Exchange gifts amongst yourselves so that you love each other.” 111 Hadeeth narrated by Bukhari, “Sa’ad ibn Waqqas said: ‘I was ill once to the point I was approaching death. The Prophet came to visit me. So I said: “O Messenger of Allah, I have great wealth, and nobody inherits from me except my daughter. Can I bequeath (in a will) two thirds of my property?” He said: “No.” I said: “Half of it?” He said: “No.” I said: “One third of it?” He said: “The third is big (enough). It is better to leave your children rich than to leave them poor and begging from the people.”’” 112 Hadeeth narrated by An-Nisai, “the Prophet wrote a letter to the people of Yemen and he sent it with Amr ibn Hazm; it included “The blood money for the (killed) person is 100 camels.” 113 Hadeeth narrated by Ahmad and Abu Dawoud, “People are partnership in their ownership of forests, water and fire.” 114 Hadeeth narrated by Tirmidhi, “Abyadh ibn Hammal came to the Prophet and asked him to grant him a salt laden land, and he granted it to him. And when he left, one person in attendance with the Prophet said: Do you know what you granted him? You granted him the uncountable water. He then took it away from him.” 115 See for example the book of Al-Amwal by Abu Obaid, Al-Kharaj by Abu Yousuf, Iqtisaduna by Al-Sadr, The Economic System in Islam by An-Nabhani.

116 Abu Obaid, kitabu cha Amwal; sehemu kuhusu Kharaj.

116 Abu Obaid, the book of Amwal; section on Kharaj.

Tazama marejeo 82.

117 See reference 82.

Tazama marejeo ya 81.

118 See reference 81.

119 Abu Zakaria Al-Qurashi, kitabu Al-Kharaj, AH 203. Qudamah Bin Ja'afar, kitabu Al-Kharaj na Nyaraka, AH 328.

119 Abu Zakaria Al-Qurashi, book Al-Kharaj, AH 203. Qudamah Bin Ja’afar, book Al-Kharaj and Documentation, AH 328.

120 http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/execteam/speeches/fiorina/minnesota01.htm. 121 Hadeeth iliyosimuliwa na Bukhari, # 479.

120 http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/execteam/speeches/fiorina/minnesota01.htm. 121 Hadeeth narrated by Bukhari, # 479.

122 Hadithi iliyosimuliwa na Al-Tabarani katika kitabu Awsat, # 891.

122 Haddeth narrated by Al-Tabarani in the book Awsat, # 891.

123 Surah # 9, aya 105 "Na sema (Ee Muhammad) 'Fanyeni matendo! Mwenyezi Mungu ataona matendo yenu, na (vivyo hivyo) Mtume wake na waumini.'" 124 Surah # 30, aya 39 "Na riba mnayotoa kwa watu ili izidi kupitia mali ya watu, haizidi mbele ya Mwenyezi Mungu; lakini zakaa mnayotoa mkitafuta Radhi za Mwenyezi Mungu, basi hao ndio watakaopata ongezeko mara nyingi." 125 David Astle, "The Babylonian Wow," http://download.cxs2.info/the_ babylonian_woe.pdf.

123 Surah # 9, verse 105 “And say (O Muhammad) ‘Do deeds! Allah will see your deeds, and (so will) His Messenger and the believers.’” 124 Surah # 30, verse 39 “And that usurious money which you give to others, in order that it may increase from other people’s wealth, has no increase with Allah; but that which you give in Zakat seeking Allah’s Countenance, then those they shall have manifold increase.” 125 David Astle, “The Babylonian Wow,” http://download.cxs2.info/the_ babylonian_woe.pdf.

126 Houghton Mifflin (Wachapishaji): Encyclopedia of World History, Ukurasa wa 48; Boston; 1940. 127 The Arden Shakespeare, "The Merchant of Venice," iliyohaririwa na H.L Withers, D. C. Heath Company, London.

126 Houghton Mifflin (Publishers): Encyclopedia of World History, P. 48 ; Boston ; 1940. 127 The Arden Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice,” edited by H.L Withers, D. C. Heath Company, London.

128 Richard Wolf, “Capitalism Hits the Fan,” http://video.google.com/videoplay? docid=7382297202053077236#.

129 June Grem, "The Money Manipulators," Enterprise Publications, 1971.

129 June Grem, “The Money Manipulators,” Enterprise Publications, 1971.

Sura # 57, aya 11

130 Surah # 57, verse 11

Sura ya 2, aya ya 276

131 Surah # 2, verse 276

The user message here is a reference: "132 Surah # 2, verse 275". This is a label/heading-like text to translate, so I translate it faithfully into Swahili. Sura ya 2, aya ya 275 (132 ni nambari ya ukurasa)

132 Surah # 2, verse 275

Sura 9, aya 34

133 Surah # 9, verse 34

134 Al-Qurtubi, "Al-Jami' li Ahkam al-Quran," Surat ya 9, Aya ya 34

134 Al-Qurtubi, “The Compilation of the Rules of the Quran,” Surah # 9, verse # 34

135 Surah # 27, aya ya 27 "Akasema: Hakika mimi nataka kukuozesha mmoja wa hawa binti zangu wawili, kwa sharti kwamba utanitumikia kwa miaka minane." 136 Goldsborough, Reid, "World's First Coin," Rg.ancients.info. 2003-10-02. http://rg.ancients.info/lion/article.html. Imerejeshwa 2009-04-20. 137 Hadithi iliyosimuliwa na Abu Dawoud kwa mamlaka ya Tawoos na Ibn Omar.

135 Surah # 27, verse 27 “He said: I intend to wed one of these two daughters of mine to you, on condition that you serve me for eight years.” 136 Goldsborough, Reid, “World’s First Coin,” Rg.ancients.info. 2003-10-02. http://rg.ancients.info/lion/article.html. Retrieved 2009-04-20. 137 Hadeeth narrated by Abu Dawoud on the authority of Tawoos and Ibn Omar.

Hadith ya 138 iliyosimuliwa na An-Nisai kutoka kwa mamlaka ya Amru Ibn Hazm,

138 Hadeeth narrated by An-Nisai on the authority of Amru Ibn Hazm,

Hadithi ya 139 iliyosimuliwa na Muslim na Bukhari 140 Abdul Malik Bin Marwan (646-705 AD, AH 25-86) alikuwa khalifa wa tisa katika Uislamu.

139 Hadeeth narrated by Muslim and Bukhari 140 Abdul Malik Bin Marwan (646-705 AC, AH 25-86) was the ninth caliph in Islam.

141 http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/center/mm/eng/cc_sub_4.htm.

142 George Parker, Tony Barber na Daniel Dombey (Oktoba 9, 2008). “Viongozi wakuu wataka Bretton Woods mpya kabla ya mikutano ya Benki/Mfuko.” 143 Agence France-Presse (AFP) (Oktoba 13, 2008). “Dunia inahitaji Bretton Woods mpya, asema Brown.” 144 Hadithi iliyosimuliwa na Muslim kwa mapokezi ya Abi Said Al-Khudari, Hadithi # 1548.

142 George Parker, Tony Barber and Daniel Dombey (October 9, 2008). “Senior figures call for new Bretton Woods ahead of Bank/Fund meetings.” 143 Agence France-Presse (AFP) (October 13, 2008). “World needs new Bretton Woods, says Brown.” 144 Hadeeth narrated by Muslim on the authority of Abi Said Al-Khudari, Hadeeth # 1548.

145 Hadith iliyopokewa na Tirmidhi. 146 Hadith iliyopokewa na Tirmidhi, # 2346 na na Ibn Majah # 4141 kutoka kwa mamlaka ya Salmat Bin Obaid Allah Al-Ansari.

145 Hadeeth narrated by Tirmidhi. 146 Hadeeth narrated by Tirmidhi, # 2346 and by Ibn Majah # 4141on the authority of Salmat Bin Obaid Allah Al-Ansari.

147 Hadith iliyosimuliwa na Bukhari 148 Hadith iliyosimuliwa katika kitabu cha Sunnan kwa mamlaka ya Ibn Masoud.

147 Hadeeth narrated by Bukhari 148 Haddeth narrated in the Sunnan book on the authority of Ibn Masoud.

Hadithi ya 149 iliyosimuliwa katika "Al-Fawaed" ya Abu Al-Faraj Al-Asbhani, namba 20, kwa mapokezi ya Al-Miqdam Bin Madi Karb.

149 Hadeeth narrated in “Al-Fawaed by Abu Al-Faraj Al-Asbhani,” # 20 on the authority of Al-Miqdam Bin Madi Karb.

Hadithi 150 iliyosimuliwa katika "Sunan Abu Dawoud" na "Anil Al-Awtar," namba 2982, kwa mamlaka ya Kulaib bin Manfa'ah.

150 Hadeeth narrated in “Sunan Abu Dawoud and Anil Al-Awtar,” # 2982, on the authority of Kulaib Bin Manfa’ah.

151 Hadithi iliyosimuliwa na wapokezi wote kwa mamlaka ya Ibn Omar: "Uislamu umesimama juu ya mambo matano: kushuhudia kwamba hakuna Mungu isipokuwa Allah, na kwamba Muhammad ﷺ ni Mtume wake; kusimamisha Swala; kutoa Zakah; kufunga mwezi wa Ramadhani; na kufanya Hija." 152 Hadithi iliyosimuliwa na Bukhari kwa mamlaka ya Ibn Abbas: "Mtume ﷺ alimteua Muadh bin Jabal kwenda Yemen, na akamwambia awafahamishe Waislamu wapya kwamba Allah amewawajibishia sadaka itakayotolewa katika mali ya matajiri wao na kupewa maskini." 153 Al-Amwal fi Dawlat al-Khilafah, cha Abel Qadim Zallum, toleo la tatu, 2004. 154 Jarida la Al-Alamiah International Islamic Charity Organization, Novemba 2007, Na. 211.

151 Hadeeth narrated by all narrators on the authority of Ibn Omar “Islam is constructed upon five: witness that Allah is the only God and that Mohammad is his Messenger; establish the prayer; provide Zakah; fast the month of Ramadan; and perform pilgrimage (Hajj).” 152 Hadeeth narrated by Bukhari on the authority of Ibn Abbas “The Prophet designated Muath Bin Jbal to Yemen and asked him to inform the new Muslims that Allah obligated upon them a charity to be taken out of the wealth of the rich ones and given to the poor.” 153 Al-Amwal in the Khilafah State by Abel Qadim Zallum, 3rd edition, 2004. 154 Al-Alamiah International Islamic Charity Organization Journal, November 2007, # 211.

155 Zama za Umar bin Abdul-Aziz, Khalifa wa 8 wa Bani Umayya (717-720 AD), http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/; http://ejabat.google.com/ejabat/thread?tid =140bef0f6d8e07f5&pli=1.

155 The era of Omar Bin Abdel-Aziz, the 8 Caliph of Bani Umayya (717-720 th AC), http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/; http://ejabat.google.com/ejabat/thread?tid =140bef0f6d8e07f5&pli=1.

Hadithi ya 156 iliyopokewa na Bukhari, # 5056

156 Hadeeth narrated by Bukhari, # 5056

Qur'ani, Surat # 28, aya 76-83.

157 Quran, Surah # 28, verses 76-83.

158 Elizabeth Mumiller, “21st-Century Warnings of a Threat Rooted in the 7th Century,” New York Times, Dec. 12, 2005.

159 http://www.obsessionthemovie.com/.

160 Sirat Ibn Hisham—Biography of the Prophet by Ibn Hisham, http:// abdurrahman.org/seerah/sirat_ibn_hisham.pdf.

161 Sura #7, aya 28 “Na wanapofanya tendo baya (kwa mfano, kuzunguka Al-Ka'bah wakiwa uchi), husema: ‘Tuliwakuta baba zetu wakifanya hivyo, na Allah ametuamuru kulifanya.’”

161 Surah #7, verse 28 “And when they commit an evil deed (e.g., going round the Ka’bah in naked state), they say: ‘We found our fathers doing it, and Allah has commanded us on it.’”.

162 Sura ya 10, aya ya 78 "Walisema: 'Je, umekuja kwetu ili kutugeuza na imani hiyo tuliyowakuta nayo baba zetu, na ili nyinyi wawili mpate ukuu katika nchi? Hatutakuamini nyinyi wawili!'" 163 Sura ya 31, aya ya 21 "Na inapoambiwa: 'Fuateni yale aliyoteremsha Allah,' husema: 'Hapana, tutafuata yale tuliyowakuta nayo baba zetu.' (Je, watafanya hivyo) hata kama Shetani anawaalika kwenye adhabu ya Moto." 164 Sura ya 6, aya ya 99 "Ndiye anayeteremsha maji (mvua) kutoka mbinguni, na kwa hayo Tunatoa mimea ya kila aina, na katika hiyo Tunatoa mabua ya kijani, kutokana nayo Tunatoa punje zilizojaa na kukusanyika. Na kutoka katika mtende na mkungu wake hutoka vishada vya tende vinavyoning'inia chini na karibu, na mabustani ya zabibu, mizeituni na komamanga, kila kimoja kinafanana (kwa aina) na chenye kutofautiana (kwa umbo na ladha). Angalieni matunda yake yanapoanza kuzaa, na kuiva kwake. Hakika katika haya kuna ishara kwa watu wanaoamini." 165 Sura ya 30, aya ya 21-32. 166 Sura ya 2, aya ya 256 "Hakuna kulazimishwa katika dini. Hakika Njia iliyo sawa imekwisha kutofautishwa na njia potofu." 167 Sura ya 43, aya ya 84.

162 Surah # 10, verse # 78 “They said: ‘Have you come to us to turn us away from that (Faith) we found our fathers following, and that you two (Moses and Aaron) may have greatness in the land? We are not going to believe you two!’” 163 Surah 31, verse # 21 “And when it is said to them: ‘Follow that which Allâh has sent down,’ they say: ‘Nay, we shall follow that which we found our fathers (following).’ (Would they do so) even if Shaitân (Satan) invites them to the torment of the Fire.” 164 Surah 6, verse # 99 “It is He Who sends down water (rain) from the sky, and with it We bring forth vegetation of all kinds, and out of it We bring forth green stalks, from which We bring forth thick clustered grain. And out of the date-palm and its spathe come forth clusters of dates hanging low and near, and gardens of grapes, olives and pomegranates, each similar (in kind) yet different (in variety and taste). Look at their fruits when they begin to bear, and the ripeness thereof. Verily! In these things there are signs for people who believe.” 165 Surah 30, verse 21-32. 166 Surah 2, verse #256 “There is no compulsion in religion. Verily, the Right Path has become distinct from the wrong path.” 167 Surah 43, verse # 84.

Sura 12, aya # 40.

168 Surah 12, verse # 40.

169 Wanachuoni wakuu waliokusanya Sunnah ya Mtume Muhammad ﷺ ni pamoja na Imam Bukhari, Imam Muslim, Abu Dawoud, An-Nassai, Ibn Majah, Imam Malik, Al-Tirmidhi, Ibn Ishaq. 170 Vitabu vya Tafsiri ya Qur'an ni pamoja na vitabu vilivyoandikwa na Ibn Katheer, Al-Qurtubi, Al-Tabari, Al-Razi, Al-Nasfi, na wengine wengi.

169 The main scholars who compiled the Sunnah of Prophet Mohammad include Imam Bukhari, Imam Muslim, Abu Dawoud, An-Nassai, Ibn Majah, Imam Malik, Al-Tirmidhi, Ibn Ishaq. 170 Books of Quran Tafseer include the books authored by Ibn Katheer, Al-Qurtubi, Al-Tabari, Al-Razi, Al-Nasfi, and many others.

Madhehebu 171 za Fiqh zinajumuisha madhehebu ya Imam Abu Hanifah, Imam Ja'afar, Imam Shafi'i, Imam Malik, na Imam Ahmad.

171 Schools of Fiqh include the schools of Imam Abu Hanifah, Imam Ja’afar, Imam Shafi’i, Imam Malik, Imam Ahmad.

Wamongolia walishambulia Baghdad na kuchoma maktaba yake kubwa mnamo mwaka 1258 (Hijria 656).

172 The Moguls attacked Baghdad and burned its great library in the year 1258 (AH 656).

Vita vya Msalaba katika kipindi cha 1096-1291.

173 Crusade wars in the period 1096-1291.

174 Edward Montet, “La Propagande Chretienne et ses Adversaries Musulmans,” Paris 1890. (Pia katika T. W. Arnold katika “The Preaching of Islam,” London 1913.)

174 Edward Montet, “La Propagande Chretienne et ses Adversaries Musulmans,” Paris 1890. (Also in T. W. Arnold in “The Preaching of Islam,” London 1913.)

Tazama kwa mfano “Islamic Personality part 1” ya Taqiuddin al-Nabhani.

175 See for example “Islamic Personality part 1” by Taqiuddin al-Nabhani.

176 Tazama kwa mfano vitabu vya kawaida vya historia ya Uislamu kama “Al-Bidaya Wal Nihaya—Beginnin and End in History” cha Ibn Katheer na “Tareekh Al-Tabari” cha Al-Tabari.

176 See for example the classical books on the history of Islam such as “Al-Bidaya Wal Nihaya—Beginnin and End in History” by Ibn Katheer and “Tareekh Al-Tabari” by Al-Tabari.

177 Edward Gibbon, “The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,” iliyoandikwa 1776-1789, ikachapishwa tena na Bibliolife, 2008.

177 Edward Gibbon, “The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,” written 1776-1789, republished by Bibliolife, 2008.

178 Edward Gibbon na Simon Ocklay, History of the Saracen Empire, London 1870, uk. 54.

178 Edward Gibbon and Simon Ocklay, History of the Saracen Empire, London 1870, p. 54.

179 Edward Gibbon, sawa na marejeo 20.

179 Edward Gibbon, same as reference 20.

180 R. Bosworth Smith (1784-1884), “Muhammad and Muhammadenasim,” iliyoandikwa mwaka 1878, ikachapishwa tena na Atlantic mwaka 1996.

180 R. Bosworth Smith (1784-1884), “Muhammad and Muhammadenasim,” written in 1878, republished by Atlantic in 1996.

181 Arthur Stanley Tritton (1881-1973) alikuwa mwanahistoria wa Kiingereza na mtaalamu wa Uislamu. Mwaka 1938 aliteuliwa kuwa profesa wa lugha ya Kiarabu katika School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, na pia alitumia muda fulani kufundisha katika Chuo Kikuu cha Aligarh. Alichapisha tafiti kadhaa zinazohusiana na historia ya Kiislamu, zikiwemo “The Rise of the Imams of Sanaa (1925),” “The Caliphs and their non-Muslim Subjects: A Critical Study of the Covenant of Umar (1930),” na “Islam: Belief and Practices (1951).” 182 A. S. Tritton “Islam: Belief and Practices,” 1951.

181 Arthur Stanley Tritton (1881-1973) was a British historian and scholar of Islam. He was appointed professor of Arabic at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, in 1938, and also spent some time teaching at Aligarh University. He published several studies related to Islamic history including “The Rise of the Imams of Sanaa (1925),” “The Caliphs and their non-Muslim Subjects: A Critical Study of the Covenant of Umar (1930),” and “Islam: Belief and Practices (1951).” 182 A. S. Tritton “Islam: Belief and Practices,” 1951.

183 De Lacy Evans O'Leary (1872-1957), mwanahistoria wa Kiingereza na msomi wa Uislamu na lugha ya Kiarabu.

183 De Lacy Evan s O’Leary (1872-1957), a British historian and scholar of Islam and the Arabic language.

184 De Lacy Evans O’Leary, “Islam at the Cross Roads : A Brief Survey of the Present Position and Problems of the World of Islam.” London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1923 A Short History of the Fatimid Khalifate. London 1923. 185 James Michener katika “Islam: The Misunderstood Religion,” Reader’s Digest, Mei 1955, kurasa 68-70.

184 De Lacy Evans O’Leary, “Islam at the Cross Roads : A Brief Survey of the Present Position and Problems of the World of Islam.” London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1923 A Short History of the Fatimid Khalifate. London 1923. 185 James Michener in “Islam: The Misunderstood Religion,” Reader’s Digest, May 1955, pp. 68-70.

186 Lawrence E. Browne katika "The Prospects of Islam," 1944.

186 Lawrence E. Browne in “The Prospects of Islam,” 1944.

187 Alphonse Marie Louis de Prat de Lamartine (Oktoba 1790-1869) alikuwa mwandishi, mshairi, na mwanasiasa wa Kifaransa.

187 Alphonse Marie Louis de Prat de Lamartine (October 1790-1869) was a French writer, poet, and politician.

188 http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_de_la_Turquie.

189 Mahatma Gandhi, taarifa iliyochapishwa katika “Young India,” 1924.

189 Mahatma Gandhi, statement published in “Young India,”1924.

190 Sir George Bernard Shaw katika "The Genuine Islam," Juzuu 1, Toleo la 8, 1936.

190 Sir George Bernard Shaw in “The Genuine Islam,” Vol. 1, No. 8, 1936.

191 Michael Hart, "The 100, A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History," New York, 1978.

191 Michael Hart, “The 100, A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History,” New York, 1978.

192 Dkt. William Draper (1811-1882), "History of Intellectual Development of Europe," New York: Harper & brothers, 1876.

192 Dr. William Draper (1811-1882), “History of Intellectual Development of Europe,” New York: Harper & brothers, 1876.

193 John Rodwell translation of the Holy Quran, 1861.

194 W. Montgomery Watt katika "Muhammad at Mecca," Oxford, 1953.

194 W. Montgomery Watt in “Muhammad at Mecca,” Oxford, 1953.

195 Philip Hitti, "Arab History: From The Earliest Times to the Present," toleo la 6, London, Macmillan & Co. LTD, 1956. 196 Washington Irving (1783-1859) alikuwa mwandishi, mwandishi wa insha, mwandishi wa wasifu na mwanahistoria wa Marekani wa karne ya kumi na tisa. 197 Canon Taylor, makala aliyoisoma mbele ya Church Congress huko Walverhamton, iliyonukuliwa na Arnoud katika The Preaching of Islam, kurasa 71-72. 198 H. A. R. Gibb, Whither Islam, London, 1932.

195 Philip Hitti, “Arab History: From The Ealiest Times to the Present,” 6th edition, London, Macmillan & Co. LTD, 1956. 196 Washington Irving (1783-1859) was an American author, essayist, biographer, and historian of the early nineteenth century. 197 Canon Taylor, paper read before the Church Congress at Walverhamton, quoted by Arnoud in The Preaching of Islam, pp. 71-72. 198 H. A. R. Gibb, Whither Islam, London, 1932.

199 Arnold Joseph Toynbee (1889-1975) alikuwa mwanahistoria wa Uingereza ambaye uchambuzi wake wa vipindi vya kuinuka na kuanguka kwa ustaarabu, uliotolewa katika juzuu kumi na mbili, *A Study of History*, 1934-1961, ulikuwa muunganiko wa historia ya dunia, historia ya juu inayotegemea midundo ya ulimwengu wote ya kuinuka, kustawi, na kudorora, ambayo ilichunguza historia kwa mtazamo wa kimataifa.

199 Arnold Joseph Toynbee (1889-1975) was a British historian whose twelve-volume analysis of the rise and fall of civilizations, A Study of History, 1934-1961, was a synthesis of world history, a metahistory based on universal rhythms of rise, flowering, and decline, which examined history from a global perspective.

200 Herbert George Wells (1866-1946) alikuwa mwandishi wa Kiingereza. Alikuwa mwandishi mwenye kazi nyingi katika aina nyingi za uandishi, zikiwemo riwaya za kisasa, historia, siasa, na maoni ya kijamii.

200 Herbert George Wells (1866-1946) was an English author. He was a prolific writer in many genres, including contemporary novels, history, politics, and social commentary.

201 Sarojini Naidu (1879-1949) alikuwa mtoto mwenye kipaji cha ajabu, mpigania uhuru, na mshairi. Naidu alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza wa India kuwa rais wa Chama cha Kitaifa cha Congress cha India, na mwanamke wa kwanza kuwa gavana wa Uttar Pradesh. Alishiriki kikamilifu katika Harakati ya Uhuru wa India, akijiunga na Mahatma Gandhi katika Maandamano ya Chumvi hadi Dandi, kisha akaongoza Maandamano ya Kutotumia Nguvu ya Dharasana baada ya kukamatwa kwa Gandhi, Abbas Tyabji, na Kasturba Gandhi.

201 Sarojini Naidu (1879-1949) was a child prodigy, freedom fighter, and poet. Naidu was the first Indian woman to become the president of the Indian National Congress and the first woman to become the governor of Uttar Pradesh. She was active in the Indian Independence Movement, joining Mahatma Gandhi in the Salt March to Dandi, and then leading the Dharasana Satyagraha after the arrests of Gandhi, Abbas Tyabji, and Kasturba Gandhi.

202 Sarojini Naidu (1879-1949), "Mihadhara kuhusu Maadili ya Uislamu." 203 Addison, James Thayer. "Mbinu ya Kikristo ya Kumkabili Mwislamu." AMS Press, New York, USA. 1966 (1942).

202 Sarojini Naidu (1879-1949), “Lectures on the Ideals of Islam.” 203 Addison, James Thayer. “The Christian Approach to the Moslem.” AMS Press, New York, USA. 1966 (1942).

204 Jared Diamond: Profesa wa sosholojia na fiziolojia katika UCLA, aliyeshinda Tuzo ya Pulitzer kwa kitabu chake "The Evolution of Religions."

204 Jared Diamond: UCLA sociologist and physiologist who won the Pulitzer Prize for his book “The Evolution of Religions.”