Chanzo cha wanawake ambao ndoa nao imekatazwa kinapaswa kuwa, na kimetajwa wazi, katika Kitabu na Sunnah. Kuhusu Kitabu, Allah (swt) anasema: "Wala msioe wanawake ambao baba zenu waliwaoa, isipokuwa yale yaliyopita; hakika hilo lilikuwa jambo la aibu na chukizo, na njia mbaya." [An-Nisa: 22] Na Yeye (swt) amesema:

The origin for the women with whom marriage is prohibited, has to be, and is clearly mentioned, in the Kitab and Sunnah. As for the Kitab, Allah (swt) says: “And marry not women from whom your fathers married, except what has already passed; indeed it was shameful and most hateful, and an evil way .” [An- Nisa: 22] And He (swt) said:

“Wamekatazwa (kuoana nao) kwa ndoa: mama zenu, binti zenu, dada zenu, shangazi zenu upande wa baba, shangazi zenu upande wa mama, binti za kaka zenu, binti za dada zenu, mama zenu wa kunyonyesha aliyekunyonyesheni, dada zenu wa kunyonyeshana, mama wa wake zenu, watoto wa wake zenu walio chini ya ulezi wenu ambao ni wa wake zenu mliokwenda kwao – lakini hakuna dhambi kwenu mkiwa hamkuwaingilia (wake zenu hao), wake wa watoto wenu wa kuzaa kutoka migongo yenu, na kuwaunganisha dada wawili katika ndoa kwa wakati mmoja, isipokuwa yaliyoshapita; hakika Allah ni Mwingi wa kusamehe, Mwingi wa kurehemu. Pia (wamekatazwa) wanawake walioolewa, isipokuwa wale (mateka na watumwa) ambao mkono wenu wa kulia unawamiliki. Hivyo ndivyo Allah amewaandikia. Wengineo wote ni halali kwenu.” [An-Nisaa: 23-24] Kuhusu Sunnah, Abu Hurayra ameripoti kwamba Mtume wa Allah ﷺ alisema: “Asiunganishwe mwanamke na shangazi yake upande wa baba, wala mwanamke na shangazi yake upande wa mama katika ndoa.” Muslim amesimulia kwamba 'Aisha (ra) alisema kwamba Mtume wa Allah ﷺ alisema: “Kunyonyesha kunawafanya wanawake kuwa haramu (kwa ndoa) sawa na vile kuzaliwa kunavyofanya haramu.” Hivyo, ndoa kwa mama ni haramu kabisa. Mama ni kila mtu ambaye mnahusiana naye kwa kuzaliwa. Hili ni hivyo, iwe yule unayehusiana naye anastahili neno halisi 'mama', ambaye ndiye aliyekuzaa, au ni mama wa kimajazi, yaani ni yule aliyemzaa aliyekuzaa wewe, hata kama yuko juu zaidi (katika mstari wa nasaba) na zaidi. Kwa hiyo, bibi zenu: mama wa mama yenu na mama wa baba yenu; bibi wa mama yenu na wa baba yenu; na bibi wa bibi yenu na babu yenu, hata juu zaidi, bila kujali kama wanastahili urithi kutoka kwenu au la, wote ni mama wa kimajazi ambao ndoa nao imekatazwa.

“Forbidden to you (for marriage) are: your mothers, your daughters, your sisters, your father's sisters, your mother's sisters, your brother's daughters, your sister's daughters, your foster mother who gave you suck, your foster milk suckling sisters, your wives' mothers, your step-daughters under your guardianship, born of your wives to whom you have gone in - but there is no sin on you if you have not gone in them (to marry their daughters), the wives of your sons who (spring) from your own loins, and two sisters in wedlock at the same time, except for what has already passed; verily, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. Also (forbidden are) women already married, except those (captives and slaves) whom your right hand possesses. Thus has Allah ordained for you. All others are lawful”. [An- Nisa: 23-24] As for the Sunnah, Abu Hurayra has reported that the Messenger of Allah said: “One should not bring together a woman and her father’s sister, nor a woman and her mother’s sister in marriage”. Muslim narrates that 'Aisha (ra) said that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said: “Suckling makes women unlawful (for marriage) the same as birth makes unlawful.” Thus, the marriage to mothers is absolutely forbidden. The mothers are everyone to whom you are related by childbirth. This is so, whether the one whom you are related to qualifies for the true word 'mother' which is the one who gave birth to you or she is a metaphorical mother i.e. is the one who gave birth to the one who gave birth to you and even if she is higher (in the line of descent)/and beyond. Therefore, your grandmothers: your mothers' mother and your fathers mother; the grandmothers of your mother and father; and the grandmothers of your grandmother and grandfather and even higher, irrespective of whether they are entitled to inheritance from you or not, they are all metaphorical mothers to whom marriage is prohibited.

Kuoa binti zao ni haramu kabisa. Wao ni kila mwanamke anayehusiana nawe kwa kuzaliwa, kama binti anayetokana na mbegu yako mwenyewe, na binti za watoto wa kiume na wa kike, hata kama wanashuka chini katika mstari wa ukoo. Iwe wanarithi au hawarithi, wote ni binti ambao ndoa nao ni haramu.

Marriage to daughters is absolutely forbidden. They are every female who is related to you by your birth, such as the daughter who springs from your own loins or the daughters of sons and daughters, even if they go down in the line of descent. Whether they inherit or not, they are all daughters to whom marriage is forbidden.

Pia wanawake wafuatao ni haramu kuoana nao: dada zako wa aina tatu; dada wa baba na mama mmoja, au dada wa baba peke yake, au dada wa mama peke yake (dada wa upande wa mama).

Also absolutely forbidden to marry are the sisters from three directions; from the (same) mother and father or from (just) the father, or (just) the mother (uterine sisters).

Kuoa shangazi wa upande wa baba, yaani dada wa baba kwa njia zote tatu, ni haramu, na vile vile dada wa babu kupitia upande wa baba au mama, iwe babu huyo ni wa karibu au wa mbali, na iwe anarithi au harithi.

Marriage to paternal aunts, the sisters of the father from three directions are forbidden, also the sisters of grandfathers through the father or mother, whether the grandfather is immediate or distant and whether He inherits or not.

Kuoa shangazi wa upande wa mama, yaani dada wa mama kwa pande zote tatu, ni haramu, pia dada wa bibi na yeyote aliye juu zaidi katika mstari wa nasaba, kwa sababu kila bibi wa mama, na vilevile kila dada wa bibi, huchukuliwa kuwa shangazi wa upande wa mama ambaye kuoa kwake kumekatazwa.

Marriage to maternal aunts, the sisters of the mother from three directions are forbidden, also sisters of grandmothers and whosoever is higher in the line of descent, because every grandmother of a mother, and likewise every sister of a grandmother is considered a maternal aunt to whom marriage is prohibited.

Kuoa binti za ndugu na mwanamke yeyote aliyeunganishwa na ndugu kwa kuzaliwa ni haramu; hivyo binti wa kaka ni haramu bila kujali upande wowote ambao kaka huyo anatoka. Vilevile binti za dada ni haramu.

Marriage to nieces and any woman who is related to the brother by birth is forbidden; so the daughter of a brother is forbidden from whatever direction the brother may be. The daughters of the sister are likewise forbidden.

Kuoa mama wa kunyonyesha ni haramu. Wao ndio waliokunyonyesha, mama zao na bibi zao, na yeyote aliye juu zaidi katika mstari wa nasaba kulingana na yale yaliyotajwa katika nasaba. Kila mwanamke ambaye mama yake amekunyonyesha, au ambaye mama yako amemnyonyesha, au yeye na wewe mlinyonyeshwa na mwanamke mmoja, au wewe na yeye mlinyonyeshwa kutoka kwa maziwa ya mwanamume mmoja. Hata kama kulikuwa na mama wa kunyonyesha zaidi ya mmoja. Mwanamke wa namna hiyo ni dada yako, na ni haramu kwako kumwoa.

Marriage to foster mothers is forbidden. They are the ones who have suckled you, their mothers and grandmothers, and whosoever is higher in the line of descent according to what has been mentioned in the genealogy. Every woman whose mother has suckled you or whom your mother suckled, or she and you have been suckled by the same woman, or you and she were suckled from the milk of the same man. Even if there were more than one foster mother. Such a woman is your sister and it is forbidden for you to marry her.

Kuoa mama za wake ni haramu. Yeyote aliyemwoa mwanamke, basi kila mtu ambaye ni mama yake kwa nasaba au kunyonya, awe wa karibu au wa mbali (katika uhusiano), anakuwa haramu kwake kwa sababu tu ya kuwepo kwa akidi, bila kujali kama amefanya tendo la ndoa au la. Hii ni kwa mujibu wa yale yaliyosimuliwa na 'Amr b. Shu'ayb, kwa mamlaka ya baba yake aliyesimulia kwa mamlaka ya babu yake kwamba Mtume ﷺ alisema: "Yeyote anayemwoa mwanamke kisha akamtaliki kabla hajafanya tendo la ndoa naye, hakuna ubaya kwake kumwoa binti wa kambo (binti wa mwanamke huyo), lakini haitaruhusiwa kwake kumwoa mama yake." Kuoa binti za wake ambao amefanya nao tendo la ndoa ni haramu. Hao ndio mabinti wa kambo. Hawawi haramu isipokuwa kwa kufanya tendo la ndoa na mama zao. Wanajumuisha kila binti wa mke kwa nasaba, kunyonya, awe wa karibu au wa mbali (katika uhusiano), awe ana haki ya urithi au la, kwa mujibu wa yale yaliyotajwa kuhusu mabinti. Iwapo tendo la ndoa limefanyika na mama, basi mabinti wanakuwa haramu kwake, iwe walikuwa chini ya malezi yake au hawakuwa, kwa sababu kauli ya "mabinti zenu wa kambo walio chini ya malezi yenu" [An-Nisa: 23] ni maelezo ya hali yao ya jumla, wala haikutajwa kama sharti. Ama kauli: "waliozaliwa na wake zenu mliowaingilia" [An-Nisa: 23], hii inakuja kwa namna ya sharti, kutokana na yaliyotajwa wazi baada yake: "... lakini hapana dhambi kwenu iwapo hamkuwaingilia (kuwaoa binti zao)" [An-Nisa: 23]. Kwa hiyo, ikiwa hajafanya tendo la ndoa na mwanamke huyo, basi kuoa binti yake hakukatazwi.

Marriage to the mothers of wives is forbidden. Whoever married a woman then everyone who is a mother to her by lineage or suckling, whether close or distant (in relation) becomes forbidden to Him by the existence of a mere contract irrespective of whether He has consummated the marriage or not. This is due to what has been narrated by 'Amr b. Shu'ayb, on the authority of his father who narrated on the authority of his grandfather that the Prophet (pbuh) said: “Whoever marries a woman and then divorces her before He has consummated the marriage with her, there is no objection to Him marrying his step-daughter (the woman’s daughter) but it will not be permitted for Him to marry her mother.” Marriage to daughters of wives with whom He has consummated the marriage is forbidden. They are the stepdaughters. They are not forbidden except by consummation of the marriage with their mothers. They include every daughter of the wife by lineage, suckling, close or distant (in relation), whether inheriting or not, according to what has been mentioned concerning the daughters. If the marriage is consummated with the mother, then the daughters become forbidden for Him, whether they were under his guardianship or not, because the statement “Your step-daughters under your guardianship” [An- Nisa: 23], is a description of their general state and it is not mentioned as a condition. As for the statement: “born of your wives to whom you have gone in”. [An- Nisa: 23] This comes in the form of a condition, due to what is clearly mentioned after it: “... but there is no sin on you if you have not gone in them (to marry their daughters)”. [An- Nisa: 23] Therefore, if He has not consummated the marriage with the woman, then marriage to her daughter is not prohibited.

Zaidi ya hayo, ndoa na wake wa wana wa mtu (wakwe) imeharamishwa kabisa, yaani ndoa na wake wa wana wake na wake wa wajukuu wake wa upande wa nasaba, wa kunyonyeshwa, awe wa karibu au wa mbali (katika uhusiano), tangu wakati mkataba ulipofungwa, bila kujali kama ndoa ilitimizwa au la.

In addition marriage to daughters-in-law is absolutely forbidden, i.e. marriage to wives of his sons and wives of his grandsons through lineage, suckling, whether close or distant (in relation), the moment the contract was concluded, irrespective of whether the marriage was consummated or not.

Ndoa na mama wa kambo ni haramu. Kwa hiyo, mwanamume ni haramu kuoa mke wa baba yake, iwe ni jamaa wa karibu au wa mbali, iwe ana haki ya kurithi au hana, na iwe wanahusiana kwa nasaba au kwa kunyonyeshwa. An-Nisai ameripoti kwamba al-Barra' b. 'Azib alisema: "Nilikutana na mjomba wangu wa upande wa mama aliyebeba bendera (ya vita). Nikamwambia: 'Unataka kufanya nini?' Akasema: 'Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ aliniamuru niende kwa mwanamume aliyeoa mke wa baba yake baada ya kufariki kwake, ili nimkatekate shingo yake (yaani, nimuue).'" Ni haramu kuolewa na dada wawili kwa wakati mmoja, iwe wale dada wanahusiana kwa nasaba, kwa kunyonyeshwa, kwa baba na mama mmoja, kwa baba mmoja tu au kwa mama mmoja tu, na bila kujali kama ndoa na dada huyo ilifanyika kabla au baada ya kukutana kimwili. Iwapo ataoa wote wawili kwa mkataba mmoja, basi mkataba huo utakuwa si sahihi (Fasid).

Marriage to one's step-mothers is forbidden. Therefore, a man is forbidden from marrying the wife of his father whether He is a close or distant relation, whether He is entitled to inheritance or not and whether He is related by lineage or suckling. An-Nisai has reported that al-Barra' b. 'Azib said: “I came across my maternal uncle who was carrying a (war) banner. I said: ‘what do you wish to do?’ He said: ‘The Messenger of Allah ordered me to go to a man who had married his father’s wife after his death, in order to strike his neck (i.e. kill Him).’’’ It is prohibited to be married to two sisters at the same time, whether they were sisters because of lineage, suckling, from the same mother and father, from one father or one mother, and irrespective of whether the marriage to the sister took place before or after consummation. If He marries them both in a single contract then the contract will be improper (Fasid).

Pia ni haramu kuolewa na mwanamke na shangazi yake wa upande wa baba au wa upande wa mama kwa wakati mmoja. Hii ni kwa sababu ya yale yaliyopokewa kutoka kwa Abu Hurayra kwamba Mtume wa Allah ﷺ alisema: "Mtu hawezi kuolewa na mwanamke na shangazi yake wa upande wa baba, au mwanamke na shangazi yake wa upande wa mama kwa wakati mmoja." Na katika riwaya ya Abu Dawood: "Mwanamke na shangazi yake wa upande wa baba, shangazi wa upande wa baba na binti wa kaka yake, au mwanamke na shangazi yake wa upande wa mama, na shangazi wa upande wa mama na binti wa dada yake hawawezi kuolewa na mwanaume mmoja kwa wakati mmoja. Wala aliyezeeka zaidi baada ya aliye mdogo, wala aliye mdogo baada ya aliyezeeka zaidi haziwezi kuunganishwa katika ndoa." Aidha, pia ni haramu kuoa wanawake ambao tayari wameolewa. Allah amewaita "Al-Muhsanat" (wanawake wema waliojihifadhi) kwa sababu wamelinda sehemu zao za siri (kutokana na zinaa) kupitia ndoa.

It is also forbidden to be married to a woman and her paternal or maternal aunt at the same time. This is because of what has been narrated by Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah said: “One cannot be married to a woman and her paternal aunt, or a woman and her maternal aunt at the same time”. And in the narration of Abu Dawood: ‘A woman and her paternal aunt, a paternal aunt and her brother’s daughter, or a woman and her maternal aunt and a maternal aunt and her sister’s daughter cannot be married to the same man at the same time. Neither the older after the younger, nor the younger after the older can be combined in marriage.” In addition it is also forbidden to marry women that are already married. Allah has called them 'Al-Muhsanat' (chaste women) because they have protected their private parts (from Zina) through marriage.

Kunyonyesha huharamisha kile ambacho nasaba huharamisha. Kila mwanamke ambaye ameharamishwa kwa sababu ya nasaba, vilevile pia ameharamishwa kwa sababu ya kunyonyesha. Hili linahusu mama, binti, dada, shangazi wa upande wa baba na wa upande wa mama, na wajukuu wa kike (binti wa kaka na dada). Wameharamishwa kwa namna ile ile kama katika uharamisho wa nasaba, kutokana na kauli ya Mtume ﷺ: "Kile kilichoharamishwa kwa nasaba, vilevile kimeharamishwa kwa kunyonyesha." Na katika riwaya ya Muslim: "Kunyonyesha huharamisha kile ambacho kuzaliwa huharamisha" (kwa upande wa ndoa). Na 'Aisha (ra) amesimulia kwamba: "Aflah, ndugu wa Abu al-Qu'ays, aliniomba ruhusa (ya kuingia nyumbani) baada ya amri ya hijabu kuteremshwa. Kwa hiyo nikasema: 'Wallahi, sitamruhusu Aflah kuingia mpaka nimeomba ushauri wa Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ juu ya jambo hili, kwa sababu ndugu wa Abu al-Qu'ays hakunyonyesha mimi, bali ni mke wa Abu al-Qu'ays ndiye aliyenyonyesha mimi.' Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ alipokuja, nikasema: 'Ee Mjumbe wa Allah! Si mwanaume aliyeninyonyesha, bali ni mke wake aliyenyonyesha.' Akasema: 'Mruhusu aingie, kwani yeye ni shangazi yako (wa upande wa baba). Ungeangamia, lau usingeuliza.'" Kisababishi cha uharamisho katika kunyonyesha ni maziwa. Kwa hiyo, mwenye maziwa yaliyonyonyeshwa na yule aliyefanya unyonyeshaji, wote wawili wameharamishwa kwa yule aliyenyonyeshwa. Iwe mwenye maziwa ni mwanaume au mwanamke, na iwe aliyenyonyeshwa ni mtoto ambaye alinyonyeshwa au la. Kwa hiyo, mtu anaruhusiwa kumuoa dada wa kunyonyeshwa kwa ndugu yake wa maziwa, lakini hairuhusiwi kumuoa ndugu yake wa maziwa wa kiume au wa kike. Hivyo, ikiwa mtu alinyonyeshwa na mwanamke, mwanamke huyu atakuwa mama yake wa kunyonyesha, na mume wake atakuwa baba yake wa kunyonyesha. Watoto wao (wa kiume na wa kike) watakuwa ndugu zake wa maziwa, ilhali ndugu wa mtu aliyenyonyeshwa hawako ndugu wa mtu aliyenyonyeshwa. Kwa hiyo, wanaruhusiwa kuoa ndugu wa kunyonyeshwa wa kaka yao. Hivyo, kizuizi ni maziwa.

Suckling prohibits that which lineage prohibits. Every woman that is forbidden due to lineage, likewise is also forbidden due to suckling. This applies to mothers, daughters, sisters, paternal and maternal aunts, and nieces (daughters of the brother and sister). They are forbidden in the same manner as in the prohibition of lineage due to the saying of the Prophet (pbuh): “What is forbidden by lineage is likewise forbidden by suckling”. And in the narration of Muslim: ‘Suckling makes unlawful what birth makes unlawful’(in terms of marriage). And 'Aisha (ra) narrated that: “Aflah, the brother of Abu al-Qu’ays, asked me permission (to enter the house) after the partition (Hijab) was revealed. So I said: ‘By Allah, I would not admit Aflah unless I have asked the opinion of Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) on this matter, for the brother of Abu al-Qu’ays has not suckled me but it was the wife of Abu al-Qu’ays who suckled me’, when Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) came, I said: ‘O Messenger of Allah! It was not the man who suckled me but it was his wife’ He said: ‘Permit Him to enter for He is to you a (paternal) uncle, you may have perished, had you not asked.’” The prohibiting factor in suckling is the milk. So both the owner of the suckled milk and the one who made suckling are prohibited to the person who was suckled. Whether the owner of the milk was a man or a woman, and whether the one who was suckled was child for whom He suckled from or not. Consequently, it is allowed for a person to marry his foster brother's sister but not allowed to marry his/her foster brother or sister. So, if a person was breast fed from a woman, this woman will be his foster mother and her husband will be his/her foster father. Their children (both sons and daughters) will be his foster brothers and sisters, while the brothers of the person who was suckled are not brothers and sisters of his/her foster brothers and sisters. Therefore, they are allowed to marry the foster brothers and sisters of their brother. Thus the prohibiting factor is the milk.

Hawa ndio wanawake ambao ndoa nao ni haramu, na wanawake wengine wowote zaidi ya hawa wanaruhusiwa kuolewa. Hii ni kutokana na kauli yake (SWT):

These are the women to whom marriage is forbidden, and any women other than these are permitted for marriage. This is due to his (swt)'s saying:

"All others are lawful (for marriage)" [An-Nisa: 24] Hili, kama ilivyoelezwa hapo awali, linatoa nje ndoa ya mshirikina na ya mwanamke aliye tayari ameolewa.

“All others are lawful (for marriage)” [An- Nisa: 24] This as explained earlier, excludes the marrying of a Mushrik and a woman who is already married.