4-QISM. ZAKOT TAQSIMI

4-QISM. ZAKOT TAQSIMI - Fiqh az-Zakot | Quran Course

Namoz kabi, Qur'onda zakot ham keng qamrovli bir tamoyil sifatida keladi, ammo unda ko'p batafsil ma'lumot berilmagan.

Like prayer, zakah in the Qur'an is an aggregate principle without much detail.

Qur'on zakot miqdorlari, nisobni, zakot beriladigan mol-mulk turlarini yoki zakot farz bo'lish shartlarini bermaydi. Zakotning tafsilotlarini Sunnat — og'zaki va amaliy sunnat — beradi. Sunnat Shariatning Qur'ondan keyingi ikkinchi manbai bo'lib, zakot haqida har qanday bayon qilish uchun uning ahamiyati zarurdir.

Qur'an does not give rates, nisab, kinds of wealth that are zakatable, or the conditions for zakatability. Sunnah, verbal and practical, provides the details of zakah. the second source of Shari'ah after the Qur'an, Sunnah is essential for any explanation of zakah.

Alloh aytadi: "Biz senga ham zikrni nozil qildik, toki odamlarga kim uchun nozil qilinganini bayon qilib berasan va ular fikr yuritsinlar."1 Abu Dovud rivoyat qiladi: bir kishi sahobiy 'Imron ibn Husaynga dedi: "Ey Abu Nujayd, sen bizga Qur'onda topilmaydigan gaplarni aytasan". 'Imron g'azablanib unga dedi: "Qur'onda: «Har qirq dirhamga bir dirham vojib», «Har falon sonli qo'yga bir qo'y vojib», «Falon sonli tuyaga shuncha vojib» deyilganini topdingmi? Bularning hammasini Qur'ondan topdingmi?" Kishi: "Yo'q", deb javob berdi. Shunda 'Imron so'radi: "Unda buni qayerdan olasan? Sen buni bizdan oldingu, biz esa Payg'ambar ﷺdan oldik", — va shunga o'xshash boshqa masalalarni ham zikr qildi.2

God says, "And We have sent down unto thee the message that thou mayeth explain clearly to people what is sent for them, and that they may give thought."1 Abu Daud reports that a man told the Companion 'Imran bin Husain, "O Aba Nujaid, you tell us sayings that we do not find in the Qur'an" 'Imran was upset and told the man, "Dido you find 'On each forty dirhams, one dirham is obligated', 'on each so and so Goat, one Goat is obligated,"and 'on each so and so camels so much is obligated? Did you find all that in the Qur'an?" The man answered, "No." Then 'Imran asked, "Where do you get these from? You took them from us and we got them from the Prophet (p)," and he mentioned other similar matters.2

Garchi zakot Qur'onda keng ma'noda zikr etilgan bo'lsa-da, uni sarflash mumkin bo'lgan joylar Qur'onning o'zida aniq ko'rsatilgan; ular hukmdorlar yoki fikr bildiruvchilarning xohishiga ko'ra hal qilinmaydi. Payg'ambar ﷺ zamonida ba'zi ochko'z kishilar zakot mablag'laridan bir qismini olishga urinishdi, ammo Payg'ambar ﷺ ularga e'tibor bermagach, ular uni shunchalik tanqid qilib, haqorat qildilarki, Xudo ularning ochko'zligini qoralovchi va munofiqliklarini fosh etuvchi oyatlarni nozil qildi. O'sha oyatlarning o'zida zakotga haqli bo'lgan toifalar ham nomlab o'tilgan: {Ulardan kimlarkim sadaqotlar taqsimida seni ayblaydilar. Agar ulardan biror narsa berilsa, rozi bo'ladilar, agar berilmasa, mana, g'azablanadilar. Agar ular Xudo va Uning Elchisi bergan narsaga qanoat qilib: "Bizga Xudo yetarli, Xudo va Uning Elchisi o'z fazlidan bizga yana beradi, biz faqat Xudoga umid bog'laymiz", desalar edi, bu ular uchun to'g'riroq bo'lardi. Sadaqotlar faqat faqirlar, miskinlar, ularni yig'ishga mas'ul bo'lganlar, qalblari islomga yaqinlashtirilganlar, asir va qarzdorlar uchun, Xudo yo'lida va yo'lovchi uchun berilgandir. Bu Xudo tomonidan farz qilingan; Xudo bilimli va hikmatlidir.}3

Although zakah is discussed in the Qur'an as an inclusive concept, the areas where it can be spent are specifically mentioned in the Qur'an; they are not left to rulers or opinionators to decide according to their whims. At the time of the Messenger (p), some greedy individuals attempted to take some proceeds of zakah, but when the Prophet did not give them attention, they criticized and censured the Prophet so much that God sent verses deploring their greed and uncovering their hypocrisy. Those same verses go on to name the categories that deserve zakah: "And among them are men who slander thee in the matter of the distribution of sadaqat. If they are given part thereof, they are pleased, but if not, behold, they are indignant. If only they had been content with what God and His Apostle gave them, and had said, 'sufficient unto us is God, God and His Apostle will soon give us of His bounty, to God do we turn our hopes.' That would have been the wise course. The sadaqat are for the poor and the needy, and those employed to administer the funds, for those whose hearts have been recently reconciled to Truth, for those in bondage and in debt,. in the cause of God, and for the wayfarer. Thus is it ordained by God, and God is full of knowledge and wisdom."3

Abu Dovud Ziyod ibn al-Horis as-So'diydan rivoyat qiladi: "Men Alloh elchisi (p) huzuriga kelib, unga bay'at berdim." Rivoyatchi uzun bir hikoyani aytib bo'lgach, davom etadi: "Bir kishi Nabiy ﷺ huzuriga kelib dedi: 'Menga sadaqa mollaridan biror narsa bering.' Alloh elchisi (p) dedi: 'Alloh sadaqani taqsim qilishni na Nabiyga va na boshqa birovga topshirmagan. Uni O'zi sakkiz toifaga taqsim qilishni belgilagan. Agar sen shu toifalardan birortasiga mansub bo'lsang, men senga haqqingni beraman.'"4

Abu Daud reports from Ziad bin al Harith al Sada'i, "I came to the Messenger of God (p) and gave him my pledge." The narrator recounts a long story and then continues, "A man came to the Prophet and said, 'Give me some of the proceeds of the sadaqah.' The Messenger of God (p) said, 'God does not leave the distribution of the sadaqah to a Prophet or anyone else. He Himself ordains the distribution to eight categories. If you are in any of these categories, I will give you what you deserve.'"4

4-QISM. ZAKOT TAQSIMI

PROLOG

Qur'on zakot taqsimotini belgilaydi

Qur'onda taqsimot tafsilotlarining ahamiyati