8.1 Birinchi bob. Zakotdan boshqa moliyaviy majburiyat yo'q degan fikr
8.1 Chapter One The Opinion That There Are No Other Financial Dues Beside Zakah
Ko'pgina faqihlar, Islomda tan olingan yagona moliyaviy majburiyat zakot ekanini ta'kidlaydilar.1 Kim zakot talabini ado etsa, uning mol-mulki poklanadi va u ixtiyoriy ravishda bundan tashqari hech narsa to'lashi shart emas. Bu keyingi avlod faqihlari orasidagi ustun qarashdir.
Many jurists argue that the only financial due approved in Islam is zakah.1 Whoever fulfills the requirement of zakah will have his or her wealth purified, and need not pay anything else except voluntarily. This is the predominant view among the later generations of jurists.
Bu fikrni qo‘llab-quvvatlash uchun keltirilgan so‘zlar
Sayings used in support of this view
1. Al-Buxoriy, Muslim va boshqalar Talhadan rivoyat qiladilar: "Najd tomonidan bir kishi Alloh Elchisi (ﷺ) huzuriga keldi. Uning sochlari taralmagan edi va ovozi uzoqdan eshitilardi. U nima deyayotganini hatto tushunib bo'lmasdi, to Alloh Elchisi (ﷺ) huzuriga yaqinlashib, Islom haqida so'ray boshlaguncha. Alloh Elchisi (ﷺ)"
1. Al Bukhari, Muslim, and others report from Talhah, "A man from Najd came to the Messenger of God (p). His hair was uncombed, and his loud voice [was heard] from a distance. He does not even understand what he says, until he came close to the Messenger of God (p) and started asking him about Islam. The Messenger of God (p)
u dedi: "Kunduzda va kechasi besh vaqt namoz." Odam: "Bundan ortiq biror narsa qilishim shartmi?" Payg'ambar: "Yo'q, agar o'zingiz ixtiyoran qilmoqchi bo'lmasangiz." Xudoning Elchisi ﷺ davom etdi: "Va Ramazon ro'zasi." Odam: "Bundan boshqa ro'za tutishim shartmi?" Payg'ambar javob berdi: "Yo'q, agar o'zingiz ixtiyoran qilmoqchi bo'lmasangiz..." so'ng Payg'ambar zakot haqida aytdi. Odam: "Bundan boshqa biror narsa to'lashim shartmi?" Payg'ambar ﷺ dedi: "Yo'q, agar o'zingiz ixtiyoran qilmoqchi bo'lmasangiz." Odam orqasiga o'girilib ketar ekan, dedi: "Bulardan ortiq ham, kam ham qilmayman." Xudoning Elchisi ﷺ izoh berdi: "Agar bu va'dasiga vafo qilsa, u muvaffaqiyatga erishadi" yoki "agar bu va'dasiga vafo qilsa, Jannatga kiradi."2
said, 'Five prayers in the day and night' The man said 'Do I have to do more?' The Prophet said, 'No, unless you volunteer.' The Messenger of God (p) continued, 'And the fasting of Ramadan.' The man said, 'Do I have to fast other than this?' The Prophet answered, 'No, unless you volunteer . . .' and then the Prophet mentioned zakah. The man said, 'Do I have to pay anything else besides it? The Prophet said, 'No, unless you volunteer.' The man turned around and left saying, 'I shall not do anything more nor less than these.' The Messenger of God (p) commented, 'He will be successful if he honors this promise" or "he will enter the Garden if he honors this promise."2
2. Al-Buxoriy Abu Hurayradan rivoyat qiladi: "Bir badaviy arab Payg'ambar ﷺ huzuriga keldi."
2. Al Bukhari reports from Abu Hurairah, "A bedouin Arab came to the Prophet (p)
va u dedi: "Meni jannatga kiritadigan biror ishni ko'rsating, agar uni qilsam." Payg'ambar ﷺ dedilar: "Allohga ibodat qil va Unga hech narsani sherik qilma, farz namozni o'qi, farz zakotni ado et va Ramazon ro'zasini tut." Odam dedi: "Jonim qo'lida bo'lgan Zot nomi bilan qasam ichamanki, bularga hech narsa qo'shmayman." Odam ketgach, Xudo elchisi ﷺ dedilar: "Kimki jannat ahlidan bo'lgan odamni ko'rishni istasa, mana shu odamga qarasin." Birinchi hadisda Payg'ambar ﷺ zakotdan boshqa hech narsa farz emasligini aytmoqdalar.
1. Muallif "al-Bahr" kitobida buni ko'pchilik ulamolarga nisbat beradi, 2-jild, 138-bet.
Footnotes 1. The author of al Bahr attributes this to the majority, Vol. 2, p, 138.
2. Besh kishi rivoyat qilgan — at-Tirmiziy bundan mustasno. Qarang: Majma' az-Zavaid, 1-jild, 1-bet.
2. Reported by the five -- al Tirmidhi is excluded. See Majma'al al Zawa'id, Vol. 1, p.
3. Tirmiziy rivoyat qilgan, 3-jild, 97–99-betlar. U izohlab: "yaxshi va g'aroyib" deydi. Hokim ham rivoyat qilgan va izohlab: "sahih" deydi. Bu fikrni Zahabiy ma'qullagan, 3-jild.
3. Reported by al Tirmidhi, Vol. 3, pp 97-99. He comments, "good and strange." Also reported by al Hakim, who comments, "correct". This is approved by al Dhahabi, Vol.
1, p. 390. Lekin "at-Talxis"da (177-bet) Ibn Hajar uning isnodi zaif ekanini aytadi.
1, p. 390, But in al Talkhis, p. 177, Ibn Hajar says its chain is weak.
4. Ibn Xuzaymah o‘zining sahih to‘plamida, al-Hokim esa 1-jild, 390-betda rivoyat qilgan va u shunday izoh bergan: "Muslim shartlariga ko‘ra sahih." Bunga az-Zahabiy ham rozilik bildirgan (al-Fath, 3-jild, 175-bet). Al-Hofiz shunday deydi: "Abu Zur'a, al-Bayhaqiy va boshqalar bu rivoyatga Jobirning o‘z so‘zi sifatida ko‘proq ahamiyat bergan, chunki u al-Bazzor tomonidan ham shunday rivoyat qilingan."
4. Reported by Ibn Khuzaimah, in his correct collection, and al Hakim, Vol. 1, p. 390, who comments, "correct according to the criteria of Muslim." This is approved by al Dhahabi, In al Fath, Vol. 3, p, 175. Al Hafiz says, "Abu Zar'ah, al Baihaqi, and others give more weight to it as a statement of Jabir himself, as it is reported by al Bazzar.
5. Al-Hakim xabar qilgan, 1-jild, 390-bet; u "Bu al-Bukhoriy talablariga ko'ra sahih" deb izohlagan. Bunga az-Zahabiy ham rozilik bergan. Biroq uning isnodi tanqid qilingan. Qarang: shu kitobning 1-jildi, ....
5. Reported by al Hakim, Vol. 1, p.390, who comments "correct according to the criteria of al Bukhari." This is approved by al Dhahabi. However, its chain is criticized. See of Vol. 1, of this book.