宇宙的诞生被天体物理学家解释为一种广为接受的现象，通常被称为“大爆炸”。这一理论得到了天文学家和天体物理学家数十年来所收集的观测与实验数据的支持。

The creation of the universe is explained by astrophysicists as a widely accepted phenomenon, popularly known as ‘The Big Bang’. It is supported by observational and experimental data gathered by astronomers and astrophysicists for decades.

根据"大爆炸"理论，整个宇宙最初是一个巨大的整体物质（原始星云）。随后发生了一次"大爆炸"（次级分离），导致了星系的形成。这些星系又分裂形成恒星、行星、太阳、月球等。宇宙的起源是独一无二的，而它凭借"偶然"发生的概率为零。

According to ‘The Big Bang’, the whole universe was initially one big mass (Primary Nebula). Then there was a ‘Big Bang’ (Secondary Separation) which resulted in the formation of Galaxies. These then divided to form stars, planets, the sun, the moon, etc. The origin of the universe was unique and the probability of it happening by ‘chance’ is nil.

《古兰经》中有一节经文谈到宇宙的起源：

The Qur’an contains the following verse regarding the origin of the universe:

“难道不信道的人没有看见天地原来是一体的，而我们把它们剖开了吗？”[《古兰经》21:30]《古兰经》经文与“大爆炸”理论之间的惊人相似是无可否认的！一部在1400年前阿拉伯沙漠中问世的书，怎么可能……

“Do not the Unbelievers see that the heavens and the earth were joined together (as one unit of Creation), before We clove them asunder?” [Al-Qu’ran 21:30] The striking similarity between the Qur’anic verse and ‘The Big Bang’ is inescapable! How could a book, which first appeared in the deserts of Arabia 1400

...年前,包含着这样深刻的科学真理?

years ago, contain this profound scientific truth?

科学家们一致认为,在宇宙中的星系形成之前,天体物质最初是以气态物质的形式存在的。简言之,在星系形成之前,存在着巨大的气态物质或云团。若要描述最初的天体物质,用“烟”一词比“气体”更为恰当。下面这节古兰经经文便是以“dukhaan”一词指称宇宙的这一状态的,该词的意思是“烟”。

Scientists agree that before the galaxies in the universe were formed, celestial matter was initially in the form of gaseous matter. In short, huge gaseous matter or clouds were present before the formation of the galaxies. To describe initial celestial matter, the word ‘smoke’ is more appropriate than gas. The following Qur’anic verse refers to this state of the universe by the word dukhaan which means smoke.

此外,祂在祂的设计中涵盖了天空,而天空原本是(如)烟雾。

“Moreover, He Comprehended in His design the sky, and it had been (as) smoke:

他对天空和大地说:

He said to it and to the earth:

"你们俩或自愿或不情愿地来吧。"她们俩说："我们自愿地来了。"[古兰经 41:11] 同样，这一事实是"大爆炸"的必然推论，在穆罕默德先知（愿主赐福他）被派为先知之前，无人知晓。那么，这一知识的来源究竟是什么呢？

‘Come ye together, willingly or unwillingly.’ They said: ‘We do come (together), in willing obedience.’” [Al-Qur’an 41:11] Again, this fact is a corollary to the ‘Big Bang’ and was not known to anyone before the prophetehood of Muhammad (Peace be upon him)1. What then, could have been the source of this knowledge?

在早期，人们相信大地是平的。几个世纪以来，人们不敢走得太远，唯恐掉下边缘！弗朗西斯·德雷克爵士于1597年环绕地球航行，他是第一个证明地球是球形的人。

In early times, people believed that the earth was flat. For centuries, men were afraid to venture out too far, for fear of falling off the edge! Sir Francis Drake was the first person who proved that the earth is spherical when he sailed around it in 1597.

The user's message is a sentence that refers to a verse, but the verse text itself isn't included. Per my role, I translate the given text; there is no Qur'an verse quoted in the message to translate, and the sentence itself is what I translate. 考虑以下关于昼夜交替的古兰经经文：

Consider the following Qur’anic verse regarding the alternation of day and night:

“你难道没有看见吗？真主使夜入于昼，使昼入于夜。”[《古兰经》31:29] 这里的“入”是指夜慢慢地、逐渐地转变为昼，昼也逐渐转变为夜。这种现象只有在地球是球体的情况下才能发生。如果地球是平的，那么夜与昼之间就会发生突然的转变。

“Seest thou not that Allah merges Night into Day and He merges Day into Night?” [Al-Qur’an 31:29] Merging here means that the night slowly and gradually changes to day and vice versa. This phenomenon can only take place if the earth is spherical. If the earth was flat, there would have been a sudden change from night to day and from day to night.

以下这节经文也暗示了地球是球形的：

The following verse also alludes to the spherical shape of the earth:

“他以真理创造了天地”

“He created the heavens and the earth in true (proportions):

“他使黑夜缠绕白昼，使白昼缠绕黑夜。”[《古兰经》39:5]这里所用的阿拉伯语词是“Kawwara”，意为“重叠”或“盘绕”，就像缠绕头巾那样一圈圈地裹住。昼夜的这种重叠或盘绕，只有在大地是球形的情况下才可能发生。

He makes the Night overlap the Day, and the Day overlap the Night.” [Al-Qur’an 39:5] The Arabic word used here is Kawwara meaning ‘to overlap’ or ‘to coil’– the way a turban is wound around the head. The overlapping or coiling of the day and night can only take place if the earth is spherical.

地球并非严格意义上像球体那样圆，而是近似球体（geo-spherical），即两极处被压扁。下面这节经文包含了对地球形状的描述：

The earth is not exactly round like a ball, but geo-spherical, i.e. it is flattened at the poles. The following verse contains a description of the earth’s shape:

“而大地，祂也将其铺展成蛋形。”[古兰经 79:30]这里阿拉伯语的“蛋”一词是 dahaahaa¹，意为鸵鸟蛋。鸵鸟蛋的形状与地球的近似球形相似。

“And the earth, moreover, hath He made egg shaped.” [Al-Qur’an 79:30] The Arabic word for egg here is dahaahaa1 which means an ostrich-egg. The shape of an ostrich-egg resembles the geo-spherical shape of the earth.

古代文明曾认为月亮自身会发光。现代科学告诉我们，月光是反射光。然而，这一事实早在1400年前就已在《古兰经》的以下经文中提及：

It was believed by earlier civilizations that the moon emanates its own light. Science now tells us that the light of the moon is reflected light. However this fact was mentioned in the Qur’an 1,400 years ago in the following verse:

“宇宙的造物主至高无上，祂在天空中设置了星座，又在其中安放了一盏灯和一轮发光的月亮。”[《古兰经》25:61]《古兰经》中表示太阳的阿拉伯语词是“Shams”（沙姆斯）。

“Blessed is He Who made Constellations in the skies, and placed therein a Lamp and a Moon giving light.” [Al-Qur’an 25:61] The Arabic word for the sun in the Qur’an, is shams.

它也被称为“siraaj”，意为“火炬”，或被称为“wahhaaj”，意为“炽热的灯”，或被称为“diya”，意为“光辉的荣耀”。这三种称谓都与太阳相符，因为太阳通过内部燃烧产生强烈的热量和光芒。

It is also referred to as siraaj which means a ‘torch’ or as wahhaaj meaning ‘a blazing lamp’ or as diya which means ‘shining glory’. All three descriptions are appropriate to the sun, since it generates intense heat and light by its internal combustion.

阿拉伯语中月亮一词为 qamar，《古兰经》将其描述为 muneer，即一种能发出 noor（即反射光）的天体。同样，《古兰经》的这一描述与月亮的真实本质完全吻合：月亮本身不发光，是一个被动的天体，反射太阳的光。《古兰经》中从未将月亮称为 siraaj、wahhaaj 或 diya，也从未将太阳称为 noor 或 muneer。这表明《古兰经》认识到了太阳光与月光在本质上的区别。

The Arabic word for the moon is qamar and it is described in the Qur’an as muneer which is a body that gives noor i.e. reflected light. Again, the Qur’anic description matches perfectly with the true nature of the moon which does not give off light by itself and is an inactive body that reflects the light of the sun. Not once in the Qur’an, is the moon mentioned as siraaj, wahhaaj or diya nor the sun as noor or muneer. This implies that the Qur’an recognizes the difference between the nature of sunlight and moonlight.

以下经文论及太阳与月亮之光的本质:

The following verses relate to the nature of light from the sun and the moon:

“正是祂使太阳成为光辉的照耀，使月亮成为光明（的光亮）。”[《古兰经》10:5]“你们难道没有看到安拉怎样层层地创造了七重天，并在其中使月亮成为光明，使太阳成为（光辉的）明灯吗？”[《古兰经》71:15-16] 因此，《古兰经》与现代科学在太阳光与月光本质的差异上完全一致。

“It is He who made the sun to be a shining glory and the moon to be a light (of beauty).” [Al-Qur’an 10:5] “See ye not how Allah has created the seven heavens one above another, “And made the moon a light in their midst, and made the sun as a (Glorious) Lamp?” [Al-Qur’an 71:15-16] The Glorious Qur'an and modern science, are thus in perfect agreement about the differences in the nature of sunlight and moonlight.

长期以来，欧洲的哲学家和科学家都认为，地球静止不动地处于宇宙的中心，包括太阳在内的其他一切天体都围绕它运行。在西方，这种地心说的宇宙观从公元二世纪的托勒密时代起就广为流行。1512年，尼古拉·哥白尼提出了他的日心说行星运动理论，该理论断言，太阳在太阳系的中心静止不动，行星围绕它运行。

For a long time European philosophers and scientists believed that the earth stood still in the centre of the universe and every other body including the sun moved around it. In the West, this geocentric concept of the universe was prevalent right from the time of Ptolemy in the second century B.C. In 1512, Nicholas Copernicus put forward his Heliocentric Theory of Planetary Motion, which asserted that the sun is motionless at the centre of the solar system with the planets revolving around it.

1609年，德国科学家约翰内斯·开普勒出版了《新天文学》。他在书中得出结论：行星不仅沿椭圆轨道绕太阳运行，而且还以不规则的速度绕自身的轴线自转。有了这一认识，欧洲科学家便得以正确地解释太阳系的许多运行机制，包括昼夜的更替。

In 1609, the German scientist Yohannus Keppler published the ‘Astronomia Nova’. In this he concluded that not only do the planets move in elliptical orbits around the sun, they also rotate upon their axes at irregular speeds. With this knowledge it became possible for European scientists to explain correctly many of the mechanisms of the solar system, including the sequence of night and day.

这些发现之后，人们曾认为太阳是静止的，并不像地球那样绕自身的轴旋转。我还记得上学时在地理课本中读到过这个谬误。

After these discoveries, it was thought that the Sun was stationary and did not rotate about its axis like the Earth. I remember having studied this fallacy from Geography books during my school days.

请看下面这节古兰经：

Consider the following Qur’anic verse:

“祂就是创造夜与昼、太阳与月亮的那一位：

“It is He Who created the Night and the Day, and the sun and the moon:

所有（天体）

All (the celestial bodies)

“它们各自在自己的轨道上游动。”[《古兰经》21:33] 上述经文中使用的阿拉伯语词是 yasbahoon，该词源自 sabaha。它包含一切运动物体所具有的运动之意。若用此词指陆地上的人，其意并非翻滚，而是指行走或奔跑；若用此词指水中的人，其意并非漂浮，而是指游泳。

swim along, each in its rounded course.” [Al-Qur’an 21:33] The Arabic word used in the above verse is yasbahoon . This word is derived from the word sabaha. It carries with it the idea of motion that comes from any moving body. If you use this word for a person on the ground, it would not mean that he is rolling but would imply that he is walking or running. If you use this word for a person in water, it would not mean that he is floating but would imply that he is swimming.

同样地,如果用"yasbah"这个词来指太阳之类的天体,那么它不仅意味着太阳在太空中运行,还意味着太阳在穿越太空时自转。现今大多数学校教科书都已纳入太阳绕自身轴自转这一事实。太阳绕自身轴的自转可以借助一种仪器来证明:该仪器将太阳的影像投射在桌面上,使人可以在不被强光刺伤眼睛的情况下观察太阳的影像。人们注意到,太阳上有一些黑子,它们每25天完成一次圆周运动,也就是说太阳大约需要25

太阳的光芒源于其表面持续了五十亿年的一种化学过程。在未来某个时刻，这一过程将会终止，太阳将彻底熄灭，导致地球上所有生命灭绝。关于太阳存在的无常，《古兰经》说：

The light of the sun is due to a chemical process on its surface that has been taking place continuously for the past five billion years. It will come to an end at some point of time in the future, when the sun will be totally extinguished, leading to extinction of all life on earth. Regarding the impermanence of the sun’s existence, the Qur’an says:

“并且太阳按照其轨道运行”____________________________________________________________ 1 《古兰经》第13:2、35:13、39:5和39:21节也传达了类似的信息。

“And the Sun runs its course ____________________________________________________________ 1A similar message is conveyed in the Qur’an in 13:2, 35:13, 39:5 and 39:21.

直到预定的期限；那是（真主）的定命。

for a period determined for it; that is the decree of (Him)

“全能的、全知的”[《古兰经》36:38]

the exalted in Might, the All-Knowing.” [Al-Qur’an 36:38]1

阿拉伯语词 mustaqarr 的意思是被确定的处所或时间。因此，《古兰经》说太阳奔向一个被确定的处所，并且只会运行到一个预先确定的期限，也就是说，它终将终止或熄灭。

The Arabic word used here is mustaqarr, which means a place or time that is determined. Thus the Qur’an says that the sun runs towards a determined place, and will do so only up to a pre-determined period of time – meaning that it will end or extinguish.

此前人们曾认为，有组织的天体系统之外的空间是真空。后来天体物理学家发现，在这片星际空间中存在着物质的桥梁。这些物质桥梁被称为等离子体，由完全电离的气体构成，其中自由电子与正离子的数量相等。等离子体有时被称为物质的第四态（此外还有已知的三态，即固态、液态和气态）。《古兰经》在以下经文中提到了这种星际物质的存在：

Space outside organized astronomical systems was earlier assumed to be a vacuum. Astrophysicists later discovered the presence of bridges of matter in this interstellar space. These bridges of matter are called plasma, and consist of completely ionized gas containing equal number of free electrons and positive ions. Plasma is sometimes called the fourth state of matter (besides the three known states viz. solid, liquid and gas). The Qur’an refers to the presence of this interstellar material in the following verse:

“创造了诸天与大地以及其间一切之主。”[古兰经 25:59] 任何人若声称早在1400年前人们就已知晓星际银河物质的存在，那都是荒谬可笑的！

“He Who created the heavens and the earth and all that is between.” [Al-Qur’an 25:59] It would be ridiculous for anyone to even suggest that the presence of interstellar galactic material was known 1400 years ago!

1925年，美国天文学家埃德温·哈勃提供了观测证据，表明所有星系都在彼此远离，这意味着宇宙正在膨胀。宇宙的膨胀如今已是公认的科学事实。以下是《古兰经》关于宇宙本质的论述：

In 1925, American astronomer Edwin Hubble, provided observational evidence that all galaxies are moving away from one another, which implies that the universe is expanding. The expansion of the universe is now an established scientific fact. This is what the Qur’an says regarding the nature of the universe:

“我以力量建造了苍穹，并以精巧的技艺完成了它：”

“With power and skill did We construct the Firmament:

“我们确是以力量创造了天宇，我们确是使它广阔的。”[《古兰经》51:47]阿拉伯语词 musioon 被正确地译为“使它扩展”，它指的是宇宙不断扩展的广袤空间的创造。

For it is We Who create the vastness of Space.” [Al-Qur’an 51:47] The Arabic word musioon is correctly translated as ‘expanding it’, and it refers to the creation of the expanding vastness of the universe.

一位伟大的天体物理学家史蒂芬·霍金在其著作《时间简史》中写道:“宇宙正在膨胀这一发现,是20世纪最伟大的智识革命之一。”《古兰经》提到宇宙的膨胀,而那时人类甚至还没有学会制造望远镜!有人可能会说,《古兰经》中出现天文学事实并不奇怪,因为阿拉伯人在天文学领域十分先进。他们承认阿拉伯人在天文学领域的进步,这是正确的。然而,他们没有意识到,《古兰经》是在阿拉伯人在天文学上取得卓越成就的几个世纪之前降示的。此外,上述许多科学事实,例如宇宙起源于大爆炸,即使在阿拉伯人科学最为鼎盛的时期也是不为人知的。因此,《古兰经》中提到的科学事实并非源于阿拉伯人在天文学上的进步。事实恰恰相反:他们在天文学上取得了进步,正是因为天文学在《古兰经》中占有一席之地。

One of the greatest astrophysicist Stephen Hawking, in his book, ‘A Brief History of Time’, says, “The discovery that the universe is expanding was one of the great intellectual revolutions of the 20th century.” The Qur’an mentioned the expansion of the universe, before man even learnt to build a telescope! Some may say that the presence of astronomical facts in the Qur’an is not surprising since the Arabs were advanced in the field of astronomy. They are correct in acknowledging the advancement of the Arabs in the field of astronomy. However they fail to realize that the Qur’an was revealed centuries before the Arabs excelled in astronomy. Moreover many of the scientific facts mentioned above, such as the origin of the universe with a Big Bang, were not known to the Arabs even at the peak of their scientific advancement. The scientific facts mentioned in the Qur’an are therefore not due to the Arabs’ advancement in astronomy. Indeed, the reverse is true: they advanced in astronomy, because astronomy occupies a place in the Qur’an.