(٢) أجمعت الأمة على أن صيام شهر رمضان فرض، والدليل على ذلك في القرآن والسنة. قال الله تعالى:

(2) The ummah is agreed that fasting the month of Ramadaan is obligatory, the evidence for which is in the Qur’aan and Sunnah. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

"يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ" [البقرة: 183] قال النبي ﷺ: «بُنِيَ الإِسْلَامُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ...» وذكر منها صوم رمضان. (رواه البخاري، الفتح، 1/49). ومن أفطر في رمضان بغير عذر شرعي فقد ارتكب كبيرة عظيمة من كبائر الذنوب، قال النبي ﷺ واصفًا رؤيا رآها: «... حتى أتيتُ على الجبل، فإذا فيه أصواتٌ شديدة، فقلتُ: ما هذه الأصوات؟ قالوا: هذا عُواءُ أهل النار. ثم انطُلق بي، فإذا أنا بقوم معلَّقين بعراقيبهم، أشداقهم تُشَرْشَرُ دمًا، فقلت: من هؤلاء؟ قالوا: الذين يُفطِرون قبل تحلة صومهم» أي قبل وقت الإفطار. (صحيح الترغيب، 1/420).

“O you who believe! Observing al-sawn (the fasting) is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, that you may become al-muttaqoon (the pious).” [al Baqarah 2:183] The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Islam is built on five [pillars]…” among which he mentioned fasting in Ramadaan. (Reported by al-Bukhaari, al Fath, 1/49). Whoever breaks the fast during Ramadaan without a legitimate excuse has committed a serious major sin, The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, describing a dream that he had seen: “… until I was at the mountain, where I heard loud voices. I asked, ‘What are these voices?’ They said, ‘This is the howling of the people of Hellfire.’ Then I was taken [to another place], and I saw people hanging from their hamstrings, with the corners of their mouths torn and dripping with blood. I said, ‘Who are these?’ They said, ‘The people who broke their fast before it was the proper time to do so,’ i.e., before the time of iftaar.” (Saheeh al-Targheeb, 1/420).

قال الحافظ الذهبي رحمه الله: «مِنَ المُجْمَعِ عَلَيْهِ بَيْنَ المُؤْمِنِينَ أَنَّ مَنْ أَفْطَرَ فِي رَمَضَانَ مِنْ غَيْرِ عُذْرٍ فَهُوَ شَرٌّ مِنَ الزَّانِي وَالسَّكْرَانِ، وَيَشُكُّونَ فِي إِسْلَامِهِ أَصْلًا، وَيَعُدُّونَهُ زِنْدِيقًا وَمَاجِنًا». وقال شيخ الإسلام [ابن تيمية] رحمه الله: «إِذَا أَفْطَرَ الرَّجُلُ فِي رَمَضَانَ وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ حَرَامٌ، لَكِنَّهُ اسْتَحَلَّ ذَلِكَ لِنَفْسِهِ، فَاقْتُلْهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ يُفْطِرُ لِكَوْنِهِ فَاجِرًا [وَيَعْتَقِدُ أَنَّهُ حَرَامٌ]، فَعَاقِبْهُ عَلَى تَرْكِ الصِّيَامِ». [مجموع الفتاوى، ٢٥/٢٦٥]

Al-Haafiz al-Dhahabi (may Allaah have mercy on him) said, “Among the believers it is well-established that whoever does not fast in Ramadaan without a valid excuse is worse than an adulterer or drunkard; they doubt whether he is even a Muslim at all, and they regard him as a heretic and profligate.” Shaykh al-Islam [Ibn Taymiyah] (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: “If a person does not fast in Ramadaan knowing that it is haraam but making it halaal for himself to do so, kill him; and if he does it because he is immoral [but believes it is haraam], then punish him for not fasting.” (Majmoo’ al-Fataawa, 25/265).