Referensi
References
1 Saya berterima kasih kepada Syaikh Yasir Al-Hanifi, Syaikh Mohammad Idrissi, Salih Hamid Fatih, Mohammed Hijab dan Dr. Safaruk Chowdhury yang telah meninjau isi tulisan ini pada berbagai tahapan serta memberikan masukan yang sangat berharga.
1 I am grateful to Shaykh Yasir Al-Hanifi, Shaykh Mohammad Idrissi, Salih Hamid Fatih, Mohammed Hijab and Dr. Safaruk Chowdhury for reviewing the content at various stages of this essay and providing invaluable feedback.
2 Saya berterima kasih kepada Syaikh Fahad Tasleem yang memberikan materi untuk bagian tulisan ini.
2 I am grateful to Shaykh Fahad Tasleem who provided the content for this section of the essay.
3 Mark Forsyth dalam bukunya The Elements of Eloquence merupakan pengantar yang baik untuk memahami retorika (keindahan berbahasa) dalam bahasa Inggris.
3 Mark Forsyth in his book The Elements of Eloquence is a good introduction to understanding eloquence in the English language.
4 Forsyth, Mark. (2013) The Elements of Eloquence: How to Turn the Perfect English Phrase. London:
4 Forsyth, Mark. (2013) The Elements of Eloquence: How to Turn the Perfect English Phrase. London:
Icon Books. Kindle Edition.
Icon Books. Kindle Edition.
5 "Hope Is the Thing with Feathers" (254): – Poets.org. Academy of American Poets, 1997.
5 “Hope Is the Thing with Feathers” (254): – Poets.org. Academy of American Poets, 1997.
Tersedia di: http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/19729.
Available at: http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/19729.
6 Al-Qur'an, Surah 2, Ayat 23.
6 The Qur’ān, Chapter 2, Verse 23.
7 Al-Qur’an, Surah 52, Ayat 33 hingga 34.
7 The Qur’ān, Chapter 52, Verses 33 to 34.
8 Badawi, Esaid M., dan Abdel Haleem, Muhammad. (2008) Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, hlm. 600.
8 Badawi, Esaid M., and Abdel Haleem, Muhammad. (2008) Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 600.
9 Shafi, M. (2005). Ma’riful Qur’an. Edisi ke-2. Diterjemahkan oleh Muhammad Jasan Askari dan Muhamad Shamim. Karachi: Maktaba-e-Darul-Uloom. Jilid 1, hlm. 139-149.
9 Shafi, M. (2005). Ma’riful Qur’an. 2nd Edition. Translated by Muhammad Jasan Askari and Muhamad Shamim. Karachi: Maktaba-e-Darul-Uloom. Vol 1, pp. 139-149.
10 Al-Suyūṭī. J. (2005). Al-Itqan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an. Madina: Mujamma Malik Fahad, hlm. 1875.
10 Al-Suyūṭī. J. (2005). Al-Itqan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an. Madina: Mujamma Malik Fahad, p. 1875.
11 Dikutip dalam Irwin, R. (1999). The Penguin Anthology of Classical Arabic Literature. London: Penguin Books, hlm. 2.
11 Cited in Irwin, R. (1999). The Penguin Anthology of Classical Arabic Literature. London: Penguin Books, p. 2.
12 Ibn Khaldun, A. The Muqaddimah. Diterjemahkan oleh Franz Rosenthal. Bab 6, Bagian 58.
12 Ibn Khaldun, A. The Muqaddimah. Translated by Franz Rosenthal. Chapter 6, Section 58.
Tersedia di: http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ik/Muqaddimah/Chapter6/Ch_6_58.htm 13 Ibn Rasheeq, A. H. (2000). Al-‘Umda fī Sinā’atu al-Shi’ar wa Naqdihi. Disunting oleh Dr. Al-Nabwi Sha’lan. Kairo: Maktabu al-Khaniji, hlm. 89.
Available at: http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ik/Muqaddimah/Chapter6/Ch_6_58.htm 13 Ibn Rasheeq, A. H. (2000). Al-‘Umda fī Sinā’atu al-Shi’ar wa Naqdihi. Edited by Dr. Al-Nabwi Sha’lan. Cairo: Maktabu al-Khaniji, p. 89.
14 Al-Qutaybah, A. (1925) ‘Uyūn al-Akhbār. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Arabi. Vol 2, hlm. 185.
14 Al-Qutaybah, A. (1925) ‘Uyūn al-Akhbār. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Arabi. Vol 2, p. 185.
15 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language. Dalam: Rippin, A. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, hlm. 108.
15 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language. In: Rippin, A. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to the Qur’an. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, p. 108.
16 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Makhtoum Institute Academic Press, p.64.
16 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Makhtoum Institute Academic Press, p.64.
17 Sebuah wawancara dengan Profesor Angelika Neuwirth, yang merupakan profesor Studi Al-Qur’an, mengemukakan bahwa Al-Qur’an tidak pernah berhasil ditantang oleh siapa pun, baik di masa lalu maupun sekarang: "…tidak ada yang berhasil, ini benar… Saya benar-benar berpendapat bahwa Al-Qur’an bahkan telah membuat para peneliti Barat merasa malu, yang tidak mampu menjelaskan bagaimana tiba-tiba, di lingkungan yang tidak memiliki teks tertulis yang berarti, muncul Al-Qur’an dengan kekayaan gagasannya dan susunan katanya yang agung." Salinan rekaman tersedia atas permintaan.
17 An interview with Professor Angelika Neuwirth, who is a professor of Qur’anic Studies, argued that the Qur’ān has never been successfully challenged by anyone, past or present: “…no one has succeeded, this is right… I really think that the Qur’an has even brought Western researchers embarrassment, who weren’t able to clarify how suddenly in an environment where there were not any appreciable written text, appeared the Qur’an with its richness of ideas and its magnificent wordings.” A copy of the recording is available on request.
18 Palmer, E. H. (tr.). (1900). The Qur'an. Part I. Oxford: Clarendon Press, hlm. lv.
18 Palmer, E. H. (tr.). (1900). The Qur’an. Part I. Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. lv.
19 Wadad Kadi dan Mustansir Mir, Literature and the Qur'an, Encyclopedia of the Qur'an, vol.
19 Wadad Kadi and Mustansir Mir, Literature and the Qur’an, Encyclopedia of the Qur’an, vol.
3, hlm. 213, 216.
3, pp. 213, 216.
20 G. Margoliouth. 1977. Pengantar untuk J.M. Rodwell, The Koran. Everyman's Library, hlm. vii.
20 G. Margoliouth. 1977. Introduction to J.M. Rodwell’s, The Koran. Everyman’s Library, p. vii.
21 K. Armstrong. 1993. A History of God: the 4,000 Year Quest of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Vintage, p. 171.
21 K. Armstrong. 1993. A History of God: the 4,000 Year Quest of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Vintage, p. 171.
22 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I'jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I'jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, hlm. 239.
22 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 239.
23 Al-Mahalli, Jalalu'd-din dan As-Suyuti, Jalalu'd-din. (2007) Tafsir Al-Jalalayn. Dar Al Taqwa Ltd.: Norwich, hlm. 1357.
23 Al-Mahalli, Jalalu’d-din and As-Suyuti, Jalalu’ud-din. (2007) Tafsir Al-Jalalayn. Dar Al Taqwa Ltd.: Norwich, p. 1357.
Sunan An-Nasa'i; sahih (riwayat yang autentik).
24 Sunan An-Nasa’i; sahih (authentic narration).
25 Lihat Al-Baqillani, Abi Bakr Muhammad. (1994) I’jāz al-Qur’ān. Beirut: Dar Ihya al-’Ulūm; Al-Rafi’i, Fakhr al-Dīn. (1990) I’jāz al-Qur’ān wa al-Balāgha al-Nabawiyyah. Beirut: Dar al-Kitāb al-Arabi.
25 See Al-Baqillani, Abi Bakr Muhammad. (1994) I’jāz al-Qur’ān. Beirut: Dar Ihya al-’Ulūm; Al-Rafi’i, Fakhr al-Dīn. (1990) I’jāz al-Qur’ān wa al-Balāgha al-Nabawiyyah. Beirut: Dar al-Kitāb al-Arabi.
Badawi, Esaid M., dan Abdel Haleem, Muhammad. (2008) Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur'anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, hlm. 59.
26 Badawi, Esaid M., and Abdel Haleem, Muhammad. (2008) Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 59.
27 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, hlm. 238.
27 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 238.
Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, hlm. 2084-2085. Lihat http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_2084.pdf dan http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_2085.pdf.
28 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, pp. 2084-2085. See http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_2084.pdf and http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_2085.pdf.
29 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I'jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I'jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, hlm. 238.
29 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 238.
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim
30 Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim.
31 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I'jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I'jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, hlm. 236 – 237.
31 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 236 – 237.
Ayat 32 Bagian 6.
32 Verse 6.
33 Anas bin Malik meriwayatkan: Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda, "Tidak sempurna iman salah seorang di antara kalian hingga aku lebih dia cintai daripada anaknya, orang tuanya, dan seluruh manusia." Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Diakses dari:
33 Anas ibn Malik reported: The Messenger of Godصلى الله عليه وسلمsaid, “None of you have faith until I am more beloved to him than his children, his father, and all of the people.” Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Accessed from:
Saya tidak dapat membuka tautan, jadi saya tidak bisa membaca isi halaman tersebut. Silakan tempelkan teks yang ingin diterjemahkan langsung di sini, dan saya akan menerjemahkannya ke dalam bahasa Indonesia.
https://www.abuaminaelias.com/dailyhadithonline/2010/12/16/love-for-muhammad-faith/.
34 Kamus Arab-Inggris tentang Penggunaan Al-Qur'an. Brill: Leiden, hal. 798.
34 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 798.
35 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur'anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, hlm. 799.
35 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p, 799.
36 Kathīr, Ibn. (2010). Tafsir Al-Quran Al-‘Aḍīm. Riyadh: Dar Ibn Al-Jawzi, jilid 7, hlm. 671.
36 Kathīr, Ibn. (2010). Tafsir Al-Quran Al-‘Aḍīm. Riyadh: Dar Ibn Al-Jawzi, vol. 7, p. 671.
Ibid.
37 Ibid.
38 Qāsimi, M. J. Al-. (1957). Maḥāsin Al-Tawīl. Cairo: ‘Īsa Bābi Al-Ḥalabi, vol. 17, hlm. 6277.
38 Qāsimi, M. J. Al-. (1957). Maḥāsin Al-Tawīl. Cairo: ‘Īsa Bābi Al-Ḥalabi, vol. 17, p. 6277.
39 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I'jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I'jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, hlm. 238.
39 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 238.
Ibid.
40 Ibid.
Ibid.
41 Ibid.
42 The Qur'an, Chapter 6, Verses 162 to 163
42 The Qur’ān, Chapter 6, Verses 162 to 163
43 Al-Qur'an, Surah Al-An'am, Ayat 121
43 The Qur’ān, Chapter 6, Verse 121
Kamus Arab-Inggris Penggunaan Al-Qur'an. Brill: Leiden, hlm. 342.
44 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 342.
45 Al-Bayḍāwi. (t.t.). Anwār Al-Tanzīl Wa Asrār Al-Tawīl (M. A. Al-Mar’ashli, Ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-‘Iḥyā Al-Turāth Al-‘Arabi, jilid 1, hlm. 28.
45 Al-Bayḍāwi. (n.d.). Anwār Al-Tanzīl Wa Asrār Al-Tawīl (M. A. Al-Mar’ashli, Ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-‘Iḥyā Al-Turāth Al-‘Arabi, vol. 1, p. 28.
46 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur'an. Dundee: Al-Maktoum Institute Academic Press; Abdul-Raof, H. (2001). Qur'an Translation: Discourse, Texture and Exegesis. Richmond, Surrey:
46 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Maktoum Institute Academic Press; Abdul-Raof, H. (2001). Qur’an Translation: Discourse, Texture and Exegesis. Richmond, Surrey:
Curzon.
Curzon.
47 Abdel Haleem, M. (2005). Understanding the Qur'an: Themes & Styles, hlm. 185.
47 Abdel Haleem, M. (2005). Understanding the Qur’an: Themes & Styles, p. 185.
48 Ibid, hlm. 188.
48 Ibid, p. 188.
Chowdhury, S. Z. (2010). Introducing Arabic Rhetoric. Updated Edition. London: Ad-Duha, p.
49 Chowdhury, S. Z. (2010). Introducing Arabic Rhetoric. Updated Edition. London: Ad-Duha, p.
99.
99.
50 Ibid.
50 Ibid.
51 Robinson, N. (2003). Discovering The Qur'an: A Contemporary Approach to a Veiled Text, 2nd Edition. Washington: Georgetown University Press, hlm. 254.
51 Robinson, N. (2003). Discovering The Qur’an: A Contemporary Approach to a Veiled Text, 2nd Edition. Washington: Georgetown University Press, p. 254.
52 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur'anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, hlm. 921.
52 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 921.
53 Kamus Penggunaan Arab-Inggris dalam Al-Qur'an. Brill: Leiden, hlm. 496.
53 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 496.
54 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, p. 1603. Lihat http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_1603.pdf.
54 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, p. 1603. See http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_1603.pdf.
55 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, hlm. 805.
55 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 805.
56 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Supplement to Parts VII and VIII.
56 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Supplement to Parts VII and VIII.
London: Williams & Norgate, hlm. 3000. Lihat http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_3000.pdf.
London: Williams & Norgate, p. 3000. See http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_3000.pdf.
57 Al-Qur'an, Surah 49, Ayat 7.
57 The Qur’ān, Chapter 49, Verse 7.
58 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, p. 149.. Lihat http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_0149.pdf.
58 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, p. 149.. See http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_0149.pdf.
59 Kamus Penggunaan Arab-Inggris dalam Al-Qur'an. Brill: Leiden, hlm. 75.
59 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 75.
60 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, p. 149.. Lihat http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_0149.pdf.
60 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, p. 149.. See http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_0149.pdf.
Ibid.
61 Ibid.
62 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, hlm. 241.
62 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 241.
63 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 241.
63 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 241.
64 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Maktoum Institute Academic Press, hlm. 401.
64 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Maktoum Institute Academic Press, p. 401.
"Katakanlah, 'Jika kalian mencintai Allah, ikutilah aku, niscaya Allah akan mencintai kalian dan mengampuni dosa-dosa kalian. Dan Allah Maha Pengampun, Maha Penyayang.'" Al-Qur'an, Surah Ali 'Imran, Ayat 31
65 “Say, ‘If you love God, follow me, and God will love you and forgive you your sins; God is most forgiving, most merciful.’” The Qur’ān, Chapter 3, Verse 31
66 Lihat Quranic Arabic Corpus: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=kvr#(108:1:3).
66 See The Quranic Arabic Corpus: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=kvr#(108:1:3).
Lihat Quranic Arabic Corpus: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=nHr#(108:2:3).
67 See The Quranic Arabic Corpus: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=nHr#(108:2:3).
68 Lihat Quranic Arabic Corpus: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=$nA#(108:3:2).
68 See The Quranic Arabic Corpus: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=$nA#(108:3:2).
Lihat Quranic Arabic Corpus: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=btr#(108:3:4).
69 See The Quranic Arabic Corpus: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=btr#(108:3:4).
70 Ibn ‘Ādil, (1998). Al-Lubāb Fi ‘Ulūm Al-Kitāb. Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmiyya, jil. 20, hlm.
70 Ibn ‘Ādil, (1998). Al-Lubāb Fi ‘Ulūm Al-Kitāb. Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmiyya, vol. 20, p.
521.
521.
71 Dikutip dalam Qadhi, Y. (1999). An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qur'an. Birmingham:
71 Cited in Qadhi, Y. (1999). An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qur’an. Birmingham:
Al-Hidaayah, hal. 269. Terjemahan asli telah diubah; nama Allah telah diganti dengan God.
Al-Hidaayah, p. 269. The original translation has been amended; the name Allah has been replaced with God.
72 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language. Dalam: Rippin, A. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, hlm. 110.
72 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language. In: Rippin, A. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to the Qur’an. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, p. 110.
Islahi, A. A. (2007). Pondering Over the Qur'an: Tafsir of Surah al-Fatiha and Surah al-Baqarah. Vol 1. Diterjemahkan oleh Mohammad Saleem Kayani. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, hlm. 25-26.
73 Islahi, A. A. (2007). Pondering Over the Qur’an: Tafsir of Surah al-Fatiha and Surah al-Baqarah. Vol 1. Translated by Mohammad Saleem Kayani. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, pp. 25-26.
74 Dikutip dalam Islahi, A. A. (2007). Pondering Over the Qur'an: Tafsir of Surah al-Fatiha and Surah al-Baqarah. Vol 1, hlm. 26.
74 Cited in Islahi, A. A. (2007). Pondering Over the Qur’an: Tafsir of Surah al-Fatiha and Surah al-Baqarah. Vol 1, p. 26.
75 Van Gelder, G. J. H. (2013). Classical Arabic Literature: A Library of Arabic Literature Anthology.
75 Van Gelder, G. J. H. (2013). Classical Arabic Literature: A Library of Arabic Literature Anthology.
New York: New York University Press, hlm. 31-33.
New York: New York University Press, pp. 31-33.
McAuley, D. E. (2012). Ibn `Arabi’s Mystical Poetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, hlm. 93.
76 McAuley, D. E. (2012). Ibn `Arabi’s Mystical Poetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.93.
77 Ibid, hlm. 94.
77 Ibid, p. 94.
Dikutip dalam D. E. (2012). Ibn `Arabi’s Mystical Poetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, hlm. 94.
78 Cited in D. E. (2012). Ibn `Arabi’s Mystical Poetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.94.
Bonebakker, S. A. (1984). Hatimi and his Encounter with Mutanabbi: A Biographical Sketch.
79 Bonebakker, S. A. (1984). Hatimi and his Encounter with Mutanabbi: A Biographical Sketch.
Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, hlm. 47.
Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, p.47.
80 Ibid, hlm. 15; dan lihat Ouyang, W. (1997). Literary Criticism in Medieval Arabic Islamic Culture: The Making of a Tradition. Edinburgh University Press.
80 Ibid, p.15; and see Ouyang, W. (1997). Literary Criticism in Medieval Arabic Islamic Culture: The Making of a Tradition.Edinburgh University Press.
81 Ibid, hlm. 44.
81 Ibid, p. 44.
82 Forsyth, Mark. (2013) The Elements of Eloquence: How to Turn the Perfect English Phrase.
82 Forsyth, Mark. (2013) The Elements of Eloquence: How to Turn the Perfect English Phrase.
London: Icon Books. Kindle Edition.
London: Icon Books. Kindle Edition.
83 Ibid.
83 Ibid.
84 Mabillard, A. (1999). Shakespearean sonnet basics: Iambic pentameter and the English sonnet style.
84 Mabillard, A. (1999). Shakespearean sonnet basics: Iambic pentameter and the English sonnet style.
Tersedia di: http://www.shakespeare-online.com/sonnets/sonnetstyle.html.
Available at: http://www.shakespeare-online.com/sonnets/sonnetstyle.html.
85 Holland, P. (2013). Shakespeare, William (1564–1616). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
85 Holland, P. (2013). Shakespeare, William (1564–1616). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Oxford University Press. Tersedia di: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/25200.
Oxford University Press. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/25200.
86 Al-Qur'an, Surah 10, Ayat 37.
86 The Qur’ān, Chapter 10, Verse 37.
87 "Aku tidak menciptakan jin dan manusia melainkan supaya mereka beribadah kepada-Ku." Al-Qur'an, Surah 51, Ayat 56.
87 “I did not create the Jinn [spirit world], nor mankind, except to worship Me.” The Qur’an, Chapter 51, Verse 56.
88 Tzortzis, Hamza. The Divine Reality: God, Islam & The Mirage of Atheism. Newly Revised Edition. Chapter 15. Sapience Institute. Available at:
88 Tzortzis, Hamza. The Divine Reality: God, Islam & The Mirage of Atheism. Newly Revised Edition. Chapter 15. Sapience Institute. Available at:
www.sapienceinstitute.org/the-divine-reality.
www.sapienceinstitute.org/the-divine-reality.