Referências
References
1 Sou grato ao Shaykh Yasir Al-Hanifi, ao Shaykh Mohammad Idrissi, a Salih Hamid Fatih, a Mohammed Hijab e ao Dr. Safaruk Chowdhury, que revisaram o conteúdo em diferentes etapas deste ensaio e ofereceram valiosas contribuições.
1 I am grateful to Shaykh Yasir Al-Hanifi, Shaykh Mohammad Idrissi, Salih Hamid Fatih, Mohammed Hijab and Dr. Safaruk Chowdhury for reviewing the content at various stages of this essay and providing invaluable feedback.
"2 Sou grato ao Shaykh Fahad Tasleem, que forneceu o conteúdo desta seção do ensaio."
2 I am grateful to Shaykh Fahad Tasleem who provided the content for this section of the essay.
3 Mark Forsyth, em seu livro The Elements of Eloquence, é uma boa introdução à compreensão da eloquência na língua inglesa.
3 Mark Forsyth in his book The Elements of Eloquence is a good introduction to understanding eloquence in the English language.
Forsyth, Mark. (2013) The Elements of Eloquence: How to Turn the Perfect English Phrase. Londres:
4 Forsyth, Mark. (2013) The Elements of Eloquence: How to Turn the Perfect English Phrase. London:
Icon Books. Edição Kindle.
Icon Books. Kindle Edition.
"Hope Is the Thing with Feathers" (254): – Poets.org. Academy of American Poets, 1997.
5 “Hope Is the Thing with Feathers” (254): – Poets.org. Academy of American Poets, 1997.
Disponível em: http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/19729.
Available at: http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/19729.
6 O Alcorão, Capítulo 2, Versículo 23.
6 The Qur’ān, Chapter 2, Verse 23.
7 O Alcorão, Capítulo 52, Versículos 33 a 34.
7 The Qur’ān, Chapter 52, Verses 33 to 34.
Badawi, Esaid M., e Abdel Haleem, Muhammad. (2008) Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 600.
8 Badawi, Esaid M., and Abdel Haleem, Muhammad. (2008) Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 600.
9 Shafi, M. (2005). Ma’riful Qur’an. 2ª Edição. Traduzido por Muhammad Jasan Askari e Muhamad Shamim. Karachi: Maktaba-e-Darul-Uloom. Vol. 1, pp. 139-149.
9 Shafi, M. (2005). Ma’riful Qur’an. 2nd Edition. Translated by Muhammad Jasan Askari and Muhamad Shamim. Karachi: Maktaba-e-Darul-Uloom. Vol 1, pp. 139-149.
10 Al-Suyūṭī. J. (2005). Al-Itqan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an. Madina: Mujamma Malik Fahad, p. 1875.
10 Al-Suyūṭī. J. (2005). Al-Itqan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an. Madina: Mujamma Malik Fahad, p. 1875.
11 Citado em Irwin, R. (1999). The Penguin Anthology of Classical Arabic Literature. London: Penguin Books, p. 2.
11 Cited in Irwin, R. (1999). The Penguin Anthology of Classical Arabic Literature. London: Penguin Books, p. 2.
12 Ibn Khaldun, A. The Muqaddimah. Traduzido por Franz Rosenthal. Capítulo 6, Seção 58.
12 Ibn Khaldun, A. The Muqaddimah. Translated by Franz Rosenthal. Chapter 6, Section 58.
Disponível em: http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ik/Muqaddimah/Chapter6/Ch_6_58.htm 13 Ibn Rasheeq, A. H. (2000). Al-‘Umda fī Sinā’atu al-Shi’ar wa Naqdihi. Editado por Dr. Al-Nabwi Sha’lan. Cairo: Maktabu al-Khaniji, p. 89.
Available at: http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ik/Muqaddimah/Chapter6/Ch_6_58.htm 13 Ibn Rasheeq, A. H. (2000). Al-‘Umda fī Sinā’atu al-Shi’ar wa Naqdihi. Edited by Dr. Al-Nabwi Sha’lan. Cairo: Maktabu al-Khaniji, p. 89.
14 Al-Qutaybah, A. (1925) ‘Uyūn al-Akhbār. Beirute: Dar al-Kutub al-Arabi. Vol. 2, p. 185.
14 Al-Qutaybah, A. (1925) ‘Uyūn al-Akhbār. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Arabi. Vol 2, p. 185.
15 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language. In: Rippin, A. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to the Qur’an. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, p. 108.
15 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language. In: Rippin, A. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to the Qur’an. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, p. 108.
16 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur'an. Dundee: Al-Makhtoum Institute Academic Press, p.64.
16 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Makhtoum Institute Academic Press, p.64.
17 Uma entrevista com a Professora Angelika Neuwirth, que é professora de Estudos Corânicos, defendeu que o Alcorão nunca foi desafiado com sucesso por ninguém, no passado ou no presente: "…ninguém conseguiu, isto é certo… Eu realmente acho que o Alcorão até causou constrangimento aos pesquisadores ocidentais, que não conseguiram esclarecer como, de repente, num ambiente onde não havia nenhum texto escrito apreciável, surgiu o Alcorão com a riqueza de suas ideias e suas magníficas formulações." Uma cópia da gravação está disponível mediante solicitação.
17 An interview with Professor Angelika Neuwirth, who is a professor of Qur’anic Studies, argued that the Qur’ān has never been successfully challenged by anyone, past or present: “…no one has succeeded, this is right… I really think that the Qur’an has even brought Western researchers embarrassment, who weren’t able to clarify how suddenly in an environment where there were not any appreciable written text, appeared the Qur’an with its richness of ideas and its magnificent wordings.” A copy of the recording is available on request.
18 Palmer, E. H. (tr.). (1900). The Qur'an. Part I. Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. lv.
18 Palmer, E. H. (tr.). (1900). The Qur’an. Part I. Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. lv.
19 Wadad Kadi e Mustansir Mir, Literature and the Qur’an, Encyclopedia of the Qur’an, vol.
19 Wadad Kadi and Mustansir Mir, Literature and the Qur’an, Encyclopedia of the Qur’an, vol.
3, pp. 213, 216.
3, pp. 213, 216.
20 G. Margoliouth. 1977. Introdução a J.M. Rodwell, The Koran. Everyman's Library, p. vii.
20 G. Margoliouth. 1977. Introduction to J.M. Rodwell’s, The Koran. Everyman’s Library, p. vii.
21 K. Armstrong. 1993. A History of God: the 4,000 Year Quest of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Vintage, p. 171.
21 K. Armstrong. 1993. A History of God: the 4,000 Year Quest of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Vintage, p. 171.
22 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirute: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 239.
22 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 239.
23 Al-Mahalli, Jalalu’d-din e As-Suyuti, Jalalu’ud-din. (2007) Tafsir Al-Jalalayn. Dar Al Taqwa Ltd.: Norwich, p. 1357.
23 Al-Mahalli, Jalalu’d-din and As-Suyuti, Jalalu’ud-din. (2007) Tafsir Al-Jalalayn. Dar Al Taqwa Ltd.: Norwich, p. 1357.
Sunan An-Nasa'i; sahih (narração autêntica).
24 Sunan An-Nasa’i; sahih (authentic narration).
25 Veja Al-Baqillani, Abi Bakr Muhammad. (1994) I’jāz al-Qur’ān. Beirute: Dar Ihya al-’Ulūm; Al-Rafi’i, Fakhr al-Dīn. (1990) I’jāz al-Qur’ān wa al-Balāgha al-Nabawiyyah. Beirute: Dar al-Kitāb al-Arabi.
25 See Al-Baqillani, Abi Bakr Muhammad. (1994) I’jāz al-Qur’ān. Beirut: Dar Ihya al-’Ulūm; Al-Rafi’i, Fakhr al-Dīn. (1990) I’jāz al-Qur’ān wa al-Balāgha al-Nabawiyyah. Beirut: Dar al-Kitāb al-Arabi.
Badawi, Esaid M., e Abdel Haleem, Muhammad. (2008) Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 59.
26 Badawi, Esaid M., and Abdel Haleem, Muhammad. (2008) Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 59.
27 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I'jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I'jāz. Beirute: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 238.
27 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 238.
28 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, pp. 2084-2085. Veja http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_2084.pdf e http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_2085.pdf.
28 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, pp. 2084-2085. See http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_2084.pdf and http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_2085.pdf.
29 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirute: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 238.
29 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 238.
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim
30 Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim.
31 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirute: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 236 – 237.
31 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 236 – 237.
Versículo 6.
32 Verse 6.
33 Anas ibn Malik relatou: O Mensageiro de Allah ﷺ disse: "Nenhum de vocês tem fé até que eu lhe seja mais amado do que seus filhos, seu pai e todas as pessoas." Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Acessado em:
33 Anas ibn Malik reported: The Messenger of Godصلى الله عليه وسلمsaid, “None of you have faith until I am more beloved to him than his children, his father, and all of the people.” Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Accessed from:
O texto que você enviou é apenas um link (URL), não há texto em inglês para traduzir. Por favor, cole o conteúdo em inglês que deseja que eu traduza para o português.
https://www.abuaminaelias.com/dailyhadithonline/2010/12/16/love-for-muhammad-faith/.
34 Dicionário Árabe-Inglês do Uso Corânico. Brill: Leiden, p. 798.
34 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 798.
35 Dicionário Árabe-Inglês do Uso Corânico. Brill: Leiden, p. 799.
35 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p, 799.
36 Kathīr, Ibn. (2010). Tafsir Al-Quran Al-‘Aḍīm. Riyadh: Dar Ibn Al-Jawzi, vol. 7, p. 671.
36 Kathīr, Ibn. (2010). Tafsir Al-Quran Al-‘Aḍīm. Riyadh: Dar Ibn Al-Jawzi, vol. 7, p. 671.
Ibid.
37 Ibid.
38 Qāsimi, M. J. Al-. (1957). Maḥāsin Al-Tawīl. Cairo: ‘Īsa Bābi Al-Ḥalabi, vol. 17, p. 6277.
38 Qāsimi, M. J. Al-. (1957). Maḥāsin Al-Tawīl. Cairo: ‘Īsa Bābi Al-Ḥalabi, vol. 17, p. 6277.
39 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I'jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I'jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 238.
39 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 238.
40 Ibid.
40 Ibid.
Ibid.
41 Ibid.
42 O Alcorão, Capítulo 6, Versículos 162 a 163
42 The Qur’ān, Chapter 6, Verses 162 to 163
43 O Alcorão, Capítulo 6, Versículo 121
43 The Qur’ān, Chapter 6, Verse 121
44 Dicionário Árabe-Inglês do Uso Corânico. Brill: Leiden, p. 342.
44 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 342.
45 Al-Bayḍāwi. (s.d.). Anwār Al-Tanzīl Wa Asrār Al-Tawīl (M. A. Al-Mar’ashli, Ed.). Beirute: Dar Al-‘Iḥyā Al-Turāth Al-‘Arabi, vol. 1, p. 28.
45 Al-Bayḍāwi. (n.d.). Anwār Al-Tanzīl Wa Asrār Al-Tawīl (M. A. Al-Mar’ashli, Ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-‘Iḥyā Al-Turāth Al-‘Arabi, vol. 1, p. 28.
46 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Maktoum Institute Academic Press; Abdul-Raof, H. (2001). Qur’an Translation: Discourse, Texture and Exegesis. Richmond, Surrey:
46 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Maktoum Institute Academic Press; Abdul-Raof, H. (2001). Qur’an Translation: Discourse, Texture and Exegesis. Richmond, Surrey:
Curzon.
Curzon.
47 Abdel Haleem, M. (2005). Understanding the Qur’an: Themes & Styles, p. 185.
47 Abdel Haleem, M. (2005). Understanding the Qur’an: Themes & Styles, p. 185.
48 Ibid, p. 188.
48 Ibid, p. 188.
49 Chowdhury, S. Z. (2010). Introducing Arabic Rhetoric. Updated Edition. London: Ad-Duha, p.
49 Chowdhury, S. Z. (2010). Introducing Arabic Rhetoric. Updated Edition. London: Ad-Duha, p.
99.
99.
Ibid.
50 Ibid.
51 Robinson, N. (2003). Discovering The Qur’an: A Contemporary Approach to a Veiled Text, 2nd Edition. Washington: Georgetown University Press, p. 254.
51 Robinson, N. (2003). Discovering The Qur’an: A Contemporary Approach to a Veiled Text, 2nd Edition. Washington: Georgetown University Press, p. 254.
52 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 921.
52 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 921.
53 Dicionário Árabe-Inglês do Uso Corânico. Brill: Leiden, p. 496.
53 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 496.
54 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, p. 1603. Ver http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_1603.pdf.
54 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, p. 1603. See http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_1603.pdf.
55 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 805.
55 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 805.
56 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Supplement to Parts VII and VIII.
56 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Supplement to Parts VII and VIII.
Londres: Williams & Norgate, p. 3000. Veja http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_3000.pdf.
London: Williams & Norgate, p. 3000. See http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_3000.pdf.
57 O Alcorão, Capítulo 49, Versículo 7.
57 The Qur’ān, Chapter 49, Verse 7.
58 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, p. 149.. Veja http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_0149.pdf.
58 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, p. 149.. See http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_0149.pdf.
59 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 75.
59 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 75.
60 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, p. 149.. Ver http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_0149.pdf.
60 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, p. 149.. See http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_0149.pdf.
Ibid.
61 Ibid.
62 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirute: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 241.
62 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 241.
63 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirute: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 241.
63 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 241.
64 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Maktoum Institute Academic Press, p. 401.
64 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Maktoum Institute Academic Press, p. 401.
65 “Dize: ‘Se amais a Deus, segui-me, e Deus vos amará e perdoará os vossos pecados; Deus é o mais perdoador, o mais misericordioso.’” O Alcorão, Capítulo 3, Versículo 31
65 “Say, ‘If you love God, follow me, and God will love you and forgive you your sins; God is most forgiving, most merciful.’” The Qur’ān, Chapter 3, Verse 31
Ver o Corpus do Alcorão Árabe: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=kvr#(108:1:3).
66 See The Quranic Arabic Corpus: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=kvr#(108:1:3).
67 Veja o Quranic Arabic Corpus: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=nHr#(108:2:3).
67 See The Quranic Arabic Corpus: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=nHr#(108:2:3).
Veja o Corpus do Alcorão Árabe: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=$nA#(108:3:2).
68 See The Quranic Arabic Corpus: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=$nA#(108:3:2).
Veja o Corpus Coránico Árabe: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=btr#(108:3:4).
69 See The Quranic Arabic Corpus: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=btr#(108:3:4).
70 Ibn ‘Ādil, (1998). Al-Lubāb Fi ‘Ulūm Al-Kitāb. Beirute: Dar Al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmiyya, vol. 20, p.
70 Ibn ‘Ādil, (1998). Al-Lubāb Fi ‘Ulūm Al-Kitāb. Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmiyya, vol. 20, p.
521.
521.
71 Citado em Qadhi, Y. (1999). An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qur'an. Birmingham:
71 Cited in Qadhi, Y. (1999). An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qur’an. Birmingham:
Al-Hidaayah, p. 269. A tradução original foi alterada; o nome Allah foi substituído por Deus.
Al-Hidaayah, p. 269. The original translation has been amended; the name Allah has been replaced with God.
72 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language. In: Rippin, A. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, p. 110.
72 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language. In: Rippin, A. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to the Qur’an. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, p. 110.
73 Islahi, A. A. (2007). Pondering Over the Qur'an: Tafsir of Surah al-Fatiha and Surah al-Baqarah. Vol 1. Traduzido por Mohammad Saleem Kayani. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, pp. 25-26.
73 Islahi, A. A. (2007). Pondering Over the Qur’an: Tafsir of Surah al-Fatiha and Surah al-Baqarah. Vol 1. Translated by Mohammad Saleem Kayani. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, pp. 25-26.
Citado em Islahi, A. A. (2007). Pondering Over the Qur’an: Tafsir of Surah al-Fatiha and Surah al-Baqarah. Vol 1, p. 26.
74 Cited in Islahi, A. A. (2007). Pondering Over the Qur’an: Tafsir of Surah al-Fatiha and Surah al-Baqarah. Vol 1, p. 26.
75 Van Gelder, G. J. H. (2013). Classical Arabic Literature: A Library of Arabic Literature Anthology.
75 Van Gelder, G. J. H. (2013). Classical Arabic Literature: A Library of Arabic Literature Anthology.
Nova York: New York University Press, pp. 31-33.
New York: New York University Press, pp. 31-33.
76 McAuley, D. E. (2012). Ibn `Arabi’s Mystical Poetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.93.
76 McAuley, D. E. (2012). Ibn `Arabi’s Mystical Poetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.93.
77 Ibid, p. 94.
77 Ibid, p. 94.
Citado em D. E. (2012). Ibn `Arabi’s Mystical Poetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.94.
78 Cited in D. E. (2012). Ibn `Arabi’s Mystical Poetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.94.
Bonebakker, S. A. (1984). Hatimi and his Encounter with Mutanabbi: A Biographical Sketch.
79 Bonebakker, S. A. (1984). Hatimi and his Encounter with Mutanabbi: A Biographical Sketch.
Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, p.47.
Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, p.47.
80 Ibid, p.15; e veja Ouyang, W. (1997). Literary Criticism in Medieval Arabic Islamic Culture: The Making of a Tradition. Edinburgh University Press.
80 Ibid, p.15; and see Ouyang, W. (1997). Literary Criticism in Medieval Arabic Islamic Culture: The Making of a Tradition.Edinburgh University Press.
81 Ibid, p. 44.
81 Ibid, p. 44.
Forsyth, Mark. (2013) The Elements of Eloquence: How to Turn the Perfect English Phrase.
82 Forsyth, Mark. (2013) The Elements of Eloquence: How to Turn the Perfect English Phrase.
Londres: Icon Books. Edição Kindle.
London: Icon Books. Kindle Edition.
Ibid.
83 Ibid.
84 Mabillard, A. (1999). Shakespearean sonnet basics: Iambic pentameter and the English sonnet style.
84 Mabillard, A. (1999). Shakespearean sonnet basics: Iambic pentameter and the English sonnet style.
Disponível em: http://www.shakespeare-online.com/sonnets/sonnetstyle.html.
Available at: http://www.shakespeare-online.com/sonnets/sonnetstyle.html.
85 Holland, P. (2013). Shakespeare, William (1564–1616). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
85 Holland, P. (2013). Shakespeare, William (1564–1616). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Oxford University Press. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/25200.
Oxford University Press. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/25200.
86 O Alcorão, Capítulo 10, Versículo 37.
86 The Qur’ān, Chapter 10, Verse 37.
"Eu não criei os jinn [o mundo espiritual], nem a humanidade, senão para que Me adorassem." O Alcorão, Capítulo 51, Versículo 56.
87 “I did not create the Jinn [spirit world], nor mankind, except to worship Me.” The Qur’an, Chapter 51, Verse 56.
88 Tzortzis, Hamza. The Divine Reality: God, Islam & The Mirage of Atheism. Newly Revised Edition. Chapter 15. Sapience Institute. Available at:
88 Tzortzis, Hamza. The Divine Reality: God, Islam & The Mirage of Atheism. Newly Revised Edition. Chapter 15. Sapience Institute. Available at:
www.sapienceinstitute.org/the-divine-reality.
www.sapienceinstitute.org/the-divine-reality.