6.2 Hatua za elimu ya shule - Mtaala wa Elimu katika Dola ya Khilafah | Quran Course

6.2 Hatua za elimu ya shule - Mtaala wa Elimu katika Dola ya Khilafah | Quran Course

﴿Enyi nyinyi mlioamini, na waombe ruhusa wale ambao mikono yenu ya kulia inamiliki, na wale ambao bado hawajafikia ubalehe miongoni mwenu, wakati wa nyakati tatu: kabla ya Sala ya alfajiri, na wakati mnapoweka nguo zenu chini kwa ajili ya kupumzika adhuhuri, na baada ya Sala ya isha. Hizi ni nyakati tatu za faragha kwenu. Hakuna dhambi juu yenu wala juu yao baada ya nyakati hizi, kwani wao huzunguka kwenu, baadhi yenu kwa wengine. Hivyo ndivyo Allah anavyowabainishia Aya, na Allah ni Mjuzi, Mwenye hekima.﴾ “Enyi mlioamini, waombe ruhusa…” Na Ta’ala Yake amesema katika Aya ifuatayo:

﴿يََ أَيُّ هَا الَّ ي ذينَ آمَنُوا لييَسْتَأْيذنكُمُ الَّ ي ذينَ مَلَكَتْ أَيَْْانُكُمْ وَالَّ ي ذينَ لََْ يَ بْ لُغُوا الُْْلُمَ يمنكُ مْ ثَلََثَ مَرَّا ت يمِّن قَ بْيل صَلََية الْفَجْير وَي حينَ تَضَعُونَ ثييَابَكُم يمِّنَ الظَّيهيرَية وَيمن بَ عْ ي د صَلََية الْيعشَايء ثَلََثُ عَوْرَا ت لَّكُمْ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَلَا عَلَيْيهمْ جُنَاحٌ بَ عْدَهُنَّ طَوَّافُونَ عَلَيْكُم بَ عْضُكُمْ عَلَىٰ بَ عْ ض كَذَٰليكَ ي بَُييِّنُ اللَّ هُ لَكُمُ الْآيََ ي ت وَاللَّ هُ عَلييمٌ حَ ي كيمٌ ﴾ “O you who have believed, let those whom your right hands possess and those who have not [yet] reached puberty among you ask permission of you [before entering] at three times: before the dawn prayer and when you put aside your clothing [for rest] at noon and after the night prayer. [These are] three times of privacy for you. There is no blame upon you nor upon them beyond these [periods], for they continually circulate among you - some of you, among others. Thus does Allah make clear to you the verses; and Allah is Knowing and Wise.” And He Ta’ala said in the following Ayah:

Kwamba baada ya Sa'd kutoa hukumu kuhusu Banu Quraydha, Nabii ﷺ aliamuru wafunuliwe nguo zao za kujifunika (kufunua sehemu zao za siri).” Na Uthman alisema alipoletewa kijana mdogo: “Mtazameni nguo yake ya kujifunika.” Wakaona kwamba hakuwa ameota nywele za sehemu za siri, basi hakumkata (mkono wake). Na hakuna Maswahaba aliyekanusha hili. Naye ﷺ alisema: “Waamuru watoto wenu waswali wanapofikia umri wa miaka saba, na wapigeni kwa ajili yake (kwa kutosali) wanapofikia umri wa miaka kumi. Na watenganisheni katika vitanda.” (Amepokewa na Imam Ahmad katika Musnad yake). Dalili hizi zinaonyesha kwamba utoto unaisha watoto wanapobaleghe, yaani umri wa kukomaa. Uislamu uliweka alama dhahiri zinazotofautisha utoto na kukomaa: kutokwa na manii au kuota nywele za sehemu za siri kwa wanaume, na hedhi au ujauzito kwa wanawake. Pia ulionyesha kwamba sheria zinazowahusu waliobaleghe hazitumiki kwao kabla ya hapo. Na Nabii ﷺ alisema: “Waamuru watoto wenu waswali wakiwa na umri wa miaka saba, na wapigeni kwa ajili yake (kwa kutosali) wakiwa na umri wa miaka kumi.” (Amepokewa na Imam Ahmad katika Musnad yake). Hadithi hii inaonyesha kwamba nidhamu ya watoto imegawanyika katika hatua mbili: Hatua ya kabla mtoto hajafikia umri wa miaka kumi, ambapo kupigwa hakutumiki kumwadhibu kwa kuwa hadithi inazuia kumwamuru tu kusali bila kumpiga. Hivyo, kwa hoja nzito zaidi, hapigwi kwa kufundishwa mambo mengine zaidi ya swala. Nidhamu yake inabaki katika mbinu za kuonya na kutishia bila kupiga. Na hatua ya baada ya kufikia umri wa miaka kumi hadi kubaleghe, nidhamu yake inajumuisha kupigwa inapohitajika. Hata hivyo, adhabu za hudud na adhabu za Shari'ah ('uqoobaat) hazimtumikii mtu hadi abalughe, yaani hatua inayofuata ukomavu, kwa sababu ya kauli yake ﷺ:

» أنَّ النبي لما حكَّم سعد اً فِ بني قريظة كان يكشف عن مؤتزرهم « “That after S’ad adjudicated regarding Quraydha, the Prophet commanded with exposing their wrappings (covering their private parts).” And Uthman said when a young boy was brought to him: » انظروا إلى مؤتزره، فوجدوه لَ ينبت فلم يقطع « “Look at his wrapper. They found him without pubic hair so they did not cut (his hand)” and no Sahabah denied this. And he (SAW) said: مروا صبيانكم بالصلَة إذا بلغوا سبعاً، واضربوهم عليها إذا بلغوا عش راً، وفرقوا بينهم « » فِ المضاجع “Command your children to pray when they attain seven years, and beat them over it (not praying) when they attain ten years. And separate between them in the beds.” (Narrated by Imam Ahmed in his Musnad). These evidences indicate that childhood ends when children attain puberty i.e. the age of maturity. Islam assigned distinctive tangible milestones separating childhood from maturity: when wet dreams occur or pubic hairs appear in males, and menstruation or pregnancy for females. It also indicated that the rules that are applied upon those attaining puberty do not apply upon them beforehand. And he (SAW) said: » مُ ر وا أبناءكم بالصلَة لسبع سنين واضربوهم عليها لعشر سنين « “Command your children to pray when they attain seven years, and beat them over it (for not praying) when they attain ten years” (Narrated by Imam Ahmed in his Musnad). The hadith shows that disciplining children is divided into two stages: The stage before the child attains ten years where beating is not used to discipline him because the hadith restricts one to command him with prayer without beating him. Thus, by greater reason, he is not beaten for being taught other than the prayer. His discipline is restricted to styles of exhortation and threats without beating. And the stage after he attains ten years until puberty his discipline includes beating him if necessary. However the hudood and Shari’ah punishments (‘uqoobaat) do not apply upon him until after attaining puberty i.e. the stage after maturity due to his (SAW) saying: