7.3 Taasisi za Elimu ya Juu
7.3 Higher education institutions
Serikali itaanzisha taasisi zifuatazo ili kufikia malengo yake ya elimu ya juu:
The State will establish the following institutions to achieve its higher education goals:
i) Taasisi za Kiufundi,
i) Technical Insitutes,
ii) Taasisi za Utumishi wa Umma (Ajira),
ii) Civil Service (Employment) Institutes,
iii) Vyuo vikuu,
iii) Universities,
iv) Vituo vya Utafiti na Maendeleo,
iv) Research and Development Centres,
v) Vyuo vya Kijeshi/Akademia za Kijeshi,
v) Military Institutes/Academies,
7.3.1 Taasisi za Kiufundi
7.3.1 Technical Institutes
Kazi za taasisi hizi ni kuandaa wafanyakazi wenye ujuzi wa kiufundi waliobobea katika mbinu za kisasa, kama vile kukarabati vifaa vya kielektroniki, mfano vifaa vya mawasiliano ya simu na kompyuta, pamoja na kazi nyingine za ufundi zinazohitaji maarifa na sayansi ya kina zaidi kuliko zile za ufundi rahisi. Mwanafunzi anayetaka kujiunga na taasisi hizi anapaswa kuwa amemaliza hatua ya tatu ya shule (yaani mihula 36 ya shule), iwe amefaulu au hajafaulu mtihani wa jumla wa hatua za shule. Wataalamu ndio huamua mihula ya masomo na muda unaohitajika kwa kila fani katika taasisi hizi, pamoja na masomo ambayo mwanafunzi atapewa msamaha wa kuyasoma ikiwa alisoma chaguo la viwanda katika hatua ya tatu ya shule. Mwishoni mwa muda wa masomo, mwanafunzi hupata cheti cha "Shahada ya Kwanza" katika chaguo alilosoma.
These institutes’ function is to prepare a technical workforce specialised in modern techniques such as repairing electronic devices e.g. telecommunication devices and computers, as well as other vocations that require more in-depth knowledge and science than offered by simple vocations. The student who wishes to join these institutes should complete the third school stage (i.e. 36 school terms) whether or not he passed the general exam for the school stages. Experts determine the schooling terms and the necessary period for each vocation in these institutes, just as they determine the subjects for which the student gains exemption if he completed the industrial option in the third school stage. At the end of the study period, the student attains the “First Degree” certificate in the option he studied.
Miongoni mwa taasisi hizi ziko taasisi za kilimo zilizo chini ya Idara ya Kilimo ya Serikali kwa kushirikiana na Idara ya Elimu ya jimbo. Taasisi hizi zina utaalamu katika masomo ya kilimo ambayo hayahitaji masomo ya chuo kikuu. Lengo la taasisi hizi ni kuandaa nguvukazi yenye ujuzi wa kufanya kazi ya kilimo kwa vitendo, kama vile mbinu za umwagiliaji na kupanga kilimo cha miti na mazao, kufuatiwa na utunzaji kwa mbolea, kupogoa, kupandikiza chanjo (tat’eem) n.k. Pia ufugaji wa wanyama kama mifugo na ndege, usindikaji wa mazao ya kilimo, na usindikaji wa nyama n.k. Wataalamu huamua masomo ambayo mwanafunzi hupata msamaha wake iwapo alimaliza chaguo la kilimo katika hatua ya tatu ya shule.
Among these institutes are agricultural institutes subordinate to the State’s Department of Agriculture in coordination with the Education Department of the state. They specialise in agricultural subjects that do not need university study. These insititutes serve to prepare a qualified workforce to practically undertake agriculture e.g. techniques of irrigation and organising tree and crop agriculture, followed by tending via fertilisers, pruning, vaccination (tat’eem) etc. Also animal rearing such as livestock and birds, agro-processing and meat-processing etc. Experts determine the subjects for which the student gains exemption if he completed the agricultural option in the third school stage.
7.3.2 Taasisi za Ajira
7.3.2 Employment Institutes
Taasisi hizi zina kazi ya kuandaa nguvu kazi yenye uwezo wa kufanya baadhi ya kazi ambazo hazihitaji mwanafunzi kujiunga na chuo kikuu. Ili kujiunga na taasisi kama hizi, mwombaji lazima awe amefaulu angalau mtihani wa jumla wa hatua za shule. Wataalamu ndio huamua sharti za mwanafunzi kujiunga na kila aina ya taasisi hizi, pamoja na masomo kwa kila chaguo na muda wa lazima unaohitajika kumwandaa mwanafunzi katika kila taasisi. Mwanafunzi, baada ya kukamilisha masomo yake, hupata cheti cha "First Degree" katika chaguo alilosoma.
These institutes’ function to prepare a workforce able to undertake some jobs that do not require the student to join university. To enrol into such institutes the applicant must have at least passed the general exam for the school stages. Experts determine the prerequisites for the student to join each type of these institutes, just as they determine the subjects for each option and the mandatory time period required to prepare the student in each institute. The student attains, upon completing his study, a “First Degree” certificate in the option he studied.
Baadhi ya taasisi hizi huzalisha wauguzi na wasaidizi wa kitabibu kama vile mafundi wa X-ray, mafundi wa maabara na mafundi wa meno. Pia kuna taasisi za kazi rahisi za kifedha na kiutawala, pamoja na kila kitu kinachohitajika kuendesha kampuni ndogo na hesabu zake zinazohusiana, bila ya haja ya kujiunga na chuo kikuu, kwa mfano uhasibu wa vitabu, daftari la fedha taslimu na hesabu za Zakat.
Some of these institutes produce nurses and medical assistant personnel like X-ray technicians, laboratory technicians and dental technicians. There are also institutes for simple financial and administrative vocations, and whatever is required to run small companiies and their related accounts without the need to join the university e.g. bookkeeping, cashbooks and Zakat accounts.
Baadhi ya taasisi hizi huzalisha walimu wenye uwezo wa kufanya kazi katika hatua mbalimbali za shule, pia huandaa kozi maalum kwa wahitimu wa vyuo vikuu wanaotaka kufanya kazi katika nyanja za elimu.
Some of these institutes produce teachers able to work in the various school stages as well as preparing special courses for university graduates wishing to work in the education fields.
Taasisi zimeenea na kutofautiana katika wilaya zote za Dola kulingana na mahitaji ya kila wilaya. Kwa mfano, wilaya za pwani zina taasisi za kazi za baharini kama uvuvi, ukarabati wa meli na uendeshaji wa bandari; ilhali wilaya zinazojulikana kwa kilimo zina taasisi za kilimo, na kadhalika.
Institutes are spread and diversified throughout the State’s wilayahs according to the wilayahs needs. Coastal wilayahs, for instance, have institutes for marine vocations such as fishing, ship repair and running ports; whereas wilayahs known for agriculture have agricultural institutes, and so on.
7.3.3 Vyuo Vikuu
7.3.3 Universities
Mwanafunzi anayefaulu "Mtihani wa Jumla wa Hatua za Shule" ana haki ya kuomba kuingia katika vyuo vikuu vya Serikali. Vyuo vikuu huwakubali wanafunzi waliofaulu mara mbili kwa mwaka. Kukubaliwa katika fani maalum kunategemea yafuatayo:
The student who passes the “General Examination for the School Stages” is entitled to apply to enter the State’s universities. Universities accept successful students twice in a year. Acceptance into specific specialisations depend upon the following:
Wastani wa alama za mwanafunzi katika "Mtihani wa Jumla wa Hatua za Shule." Chaguo la utaalamu wa mwanafunzi katika hatua ya tatu ya shule, iwe ni sanaa, sayansi au biashara.
The student’s average marks in the “General Examination for the School Stages.” The student’s specialisation option in the third school stage, whether culture, science or commerce.
Alama za mwanafunzi katika masomo ya mtihani wa jumla wa hatua ya tatu ya shule zinahusiana na chaguo analokusudia kulibobea. Kwa mfano, mwanafunzi wa Kitivo cha Fiqhi na Elimu ya Shari'ah lazima awe amepata alama za juu katika masomo ya Utamaduni wa Kiislamu na lugha ya Kiarabu. Mwanafunzi anayechagua uhandisi lazima awe bora katika mada za hisabati na fizikia, ilhali mwanafunzi wa sayansi ya tiba lazima awe bora katika sayansi ya maisha (Biolojia) na kemia, na kadhalika. Wataalamu ndio huamua masomo husika kwa kila utaalamu wa chuo kikuu na wastani wa alama unaohitajika kwa kila mmoja.
The student’s marks in the subjects in the general exam for the third school stage related to the option he intends to specialise in. The student of the Faculty of Fiqh and Shari’ah Sciences, for instance, must have attained high marks in the subjects of Islamic culture and Arabic language. The student opting for engineering must excel in maths and physics topics, whereas the medical sciences student must excel in life sciences (Biology) and chemistry, and so on. Experts determine the relevant subjects for each university specialisation and the average marks required for each one.
Chuo kikuu kinajumuisha vitivo mbalimbali kama vile:
The university includes various faculties such as:
Kitivo cha Utamaduni wa Kiislamu na elimu zake: Tafsiri, Fiqhi, Ijtihadi, mahakama, elimu za Sharia.
- Faculty of Islamic Culture and its sciences: Tafseer, Fiqh, Ijtihad, judiciary, Shariah sciences.
Kitivo cha Lugha ya Kiarabu na Elimu zake.
- Faculty of Arabic Language and its sciences.
7.3.4 Vituo vya Utafiti na Maendeleo
7.3.4 Research and Development Centres
Kazi ya vituo hivi ni kufanya utafiti sahihi na wa kitaalamu katika nyanja mbalimbali za kitamaduni na kisayansi. Katika nyanja za kitamaduni, vinashiriki katika kufikia fikra za kina, iwe katika kuandaa mipango ya muda mrefu (ya kimkakati), mbinu za kubeba da'wah kupitia balozi na mazungumzo, au katika Fiqh, Ijtihad, Elimu ya Lugha na nyinginezo. Katika nyanja za kisayansi, vinafanya kazi ya kubuni njia mpya na mbinu katika nyanja za utekelezaji, kwa mfano Viwanda, Sayansi ya Nyuklia, Sayansi ya Anga, na nyinginezo, zinazohitaji kina na utaalamu katika utafiti.
These centres’ function is to produce precise and specialised research work in various cultural and scientific fields. In cultural fields, they participate in attaining deep thoughts whether in drawing long-term (strategic) plans, styles for carrying the da’wah via embassies and negotiations, or in Fiqh, Ijtihad, Language Sciences etc. In scientific fields, they work to innovate new means and styles in fields of implementation e.g. Industry, Nuclear Science, Space Science, etc that require depth and expertise in research.
Baadhi ya vituo hivi viko chini ya vyuo vikuu, wakati vingine vinajitegemea na vyuo vikuu lakini viko chini ya Idara ya Elimu. Wasomi, wahadhiri wa vyuo vikuu na baadhi ya wanafunzi mashuhuri—ambao masomo yao ya kitaaluma yalidhihirisha uwezo wa utafiti, ubunifu na maendeleo—wanafanya kazi katika vituo hivi.
Some of these centres are subordinate to universities, while others are independent of universities while subordinate to the Education Department. Scholars, university lecturers and some distinguished students—whose academic study displayed research, innovation, and development ability—work in these centres.
7.3.5 Vituo vya Utafiti wa Kijeshi na Vyuo vya Kijeshi
7.3.5 Military Research Centres and Academies
Zinafanya kazi ya kuandaa viongozi wa kijeshi, na kuendeleza njia na mitindo ya kijeshi inayotimiza lengo la kuwatisha maadui wa Allah na Waislamu. Vituo na vyuo hivi viko chini ya Amiri wa Jihadi.
They function to produce military leaders, and to develop military means and styles that realise (the objective of) terrorising the enemies of Allah and the Muslims. These centres and academies are subordinate to the Amir of Jihad.