5.2 第一感与第二感
5.2 First and Second Sense
真主是为你们使大地成为安居之所,使天空成为穹顶,又使你们有了形体,把你们的形体塑造得多么美好!并赐给你们美好的给养。这就是真主,你们的主。所以,万世的主真主至清无瑕!他是永生的,除他以外没有应受崇拜的主,所以你们应当诚心地向他祈祷,使你们的宗教专为他而虔诚。赞颂归于真主,万世的主!(al-Ghaafir 40:65)
It is Allah Who has made the earth as a resting place for you, and the sky a canopy, and has given you shape and what a piece of work it is! - and has provided for your sustenance things pure and wholesome; such is Allah, your Lord. So Glory be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds. He is the Living (One); there is no god but He; so address your prayers to Him, making your deen exclusive for Him. Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds. (al-Ghaafir 40:65)
"说(穆罕默德ﷺ):‘我奉命要把崇拜献给真主,使我的宗教专属于祂,’……说:‘我把崇拜献给真主,使我的宗教专属于祂;(至于你们)若你们不听从我,仍要坚持你们的错误之道,那就随你们想要崇拜谁或什么。’……至于那些谨慎而有智慧、不把崇拜献给塔古特、并专一归向真主的人,他们必有喜讯。”(宰摩尔 39:11-17)
Say (O Mohammad): ‘I have been bidden to give my ’ibadah to Allah, making my deen exclusive to Him, and bidden to be the first of His obedient-servants.’... say (O’ Mohammed): ‘It is Allah to Whom I give my ’ibadah, making my deen exclusive for Him; (and as for you,) give yours to whoever or whatsoever you may wish to give it to (if you will not listen to me but wish to continue in your wrong ways)’... and as for those who are careful and wise enough not to give their ’ibadah to taghoot, and who turn to Allah alone, there (surely) are glad tidings for them. (az-Zumar 39:11-17)
我确已以真理降示你(穆罕默德ﷺ)这部经典,所以你当为安拉至诚地崇信,唯独向祂崇拜。要知道,纯正的宗教唯独属于祂。……(al-Zumar 39:2-3)
Verily We have sent down to you (O Muhammad) Book, with Truth; therefore, make your deen exclusive for Allah, and give your ibadah to Him alone. Hark! Deen pertains exclusively to Him (and Him alone).... (az-Zumar 39:2-3)
天地间的一切都属于祂,而宗教(Deen)理应专属于祂。
And to Him belongs all, there is in the heavens and the earth, and Deen is (rightly)
"唯独祂是独一的神。那么,你们为什么要像敬畏祂那样去敬畏别人呢?"(《蜜蜂》16:52)
His alone. Why is it, then, that you fear others the way you should fear Him (alone)? (an-Nahl 16:52)
难道他们想要的是安拉的宗教之外的宗教吗?然而天地间的一切,无论自愿还是不情愿,都已归顺于他,而且一切终将回归于他?
Do (the non-believers) want some deen other than Allah’s, and this despite the fact that to Him are subservient, willingly or unwillingly, all the creatures and things that constitute the universe and to Him it is that they shall (all) return?
(阿勒·伊姆兰 3:83)
(aal-’Imran 3:83)
而他们只是奉命要崇拜真主,并且诚心地专为祂而敬守宗教({独一的真主})。(黑暗的诘责 98:5)
And they were not bidden except that they give their ’ibadah to Allah, making their deen exclusive for Him (and Him alone).... (al-Bayyinah 98:5)
在以上所有例子中,这个词都是用来表明至高的权威唯独归于真主,默认承认这一事实,并且毫无疑问地完全顺从和服从这一权威。使自己的宗教(Deen)专属于真主,意味着一个人不应当把真主以外的任何人视为对宇宙拥有最终权威、主权和统治权,并且应当使自己的顺从和服从专属于祂,在此方面不将任何其他人与祂相提并论。所要求的是,哪怕丝毫也不能有将他人视为拥有主权或权威、并因独立的权利而应当被服从的成分。 [这里的含义是,对真主以外任何人的任何顺从,都只能是遵循并符合对祂专属的顺从,并严格遵守祂所规定的界限。儿子依照父亲的吩咐所做的事、妻子依照丈夫的吩咐所做的事、奴隶或仆人依照主人的吩咐所做的事,以及其他一切顺从的表现,无论这种关系的性质如何,只要是遵循真主的命令并在祂所规定的界限之内,便是在实践中对祂的顺从,因而也是一种敬拜(’ibadah)。然而,如果它们不符合这一标准,并且顺从被施加于某人,仿佛他拥有独立的权利应当被服从,那么它们便构成罪过,是对真主命令的悖逆。在依照祂的法律建立并治理的国家中,每位穆斯林都有宗教义务服从国家及其一切命令。如果国家并非如此建立和治理,那么服从便是罪。——A. A. 毛杜迪]
In all the above examples the word has been employed to signify the vesting of the Supreme authority in Allah alone, tacit acknowledgement of that fact, and complete unquestioning obedience and submission to that authority. The making of one’s Deen exclusive for Allah means that one should not treat anyone other than Allah as having the ultimate authority, domain, and rulership over the universe and should so make one’s obedience and submission exclusive for Him that there is no association of anyone else with Him in this respect. What is required is that there should not be even the slightest element of association and treatment of anyone else as having sovereignty or authority and being entitled to obedience and submission as of independent right. [The implication here is that any submission to anyone other than Allah should only be in pursuance of and in conformity with the obedience and submission due exclusively to Him, and with scrupulous regard for the limits prescribed by Him. Anything done by a son in obedience to the commands of his father, by a wife to those of her husband, by a slave or a servant to those of his master, and all other manifestations of obedience constitute, notwithstanding the nature of the relationship if in pursuance of Allah’s Injunction and within the limits prescribed by Him, submission to Him in practice and, as such acts of ’ibadah. If, however, they do not satisfy this criterion, and obedience is rendered to someone as if it was dire to him as of independent right, they amount to sin, and rebellion against Allah’s Commands. In a State founded and run in accordance with His Law, it is the religious duty of every Muslim to obey the state and all its commands. If it is not so founded and run, then it is sin to obey. - A. A. Maududi]