5.3 西方殖民主义的思想背景
5.3 Intellectual Background of Western Colonialism
西方能够将其殖民主义帝国扩张合理化,所依靠的是其所宣称的国际法。这一法律使他们能够将非欧洲国家与欧洲国家完全区别对待。其起源可以追溯到基督教欧洲各国君主在建立帝国过程中的相互竞争。尽管如此,西方国际法是在构成《威斯特伐利亚和约》的各项条约签订之后才得以有效确立的。此后,欧洲放弃了多位君主隶属于一位教皇之下的理念,转而接受独立主权国家的理念。每个国家都有权自主决定其宗教与世俗事务。因此,国际法是建立在西方思维之上、服务于西方国家利益的西方法律。
The West was able to justify its colonialist imperialism by relying on what they asserted as International Law. This law enabled them to treat non European nations, with complete distinction from European nations. Its origin goes back to the rivalries between the kings of Christian Europe in building their empires. Nevertheless, the Western International Law was effectively established after the treaties constituting the Peace of Westphalia. Thereupon, Europe abandoned the idea of numerous kings under a single pope, for the idea of independent sovereign states. Each of them were free to decide their religious and secular affairs. Thus, International Law is the Western law built on Western thinking, upon the interests of Western nations.
欧洲协约国的做法并不局限于运用国际法来处理欧洲内部事务。相反,它远远超出了这一范围,利用国际法来征服欧洲以外的列强,并将其纳入西欧秩序之中。按照西方的说法,国际法是人人都应遵守的。物质利益的理念在西方国家殖民其他民族、并在全世界争夺财富的过程中起着核心作用。它们这样做时,几乎没有遇到来自自称追求自由之人的任何真正抵抗。
The European entente was not restricted to utilizing International Law to organize European domestic affairs alone. Instead, it went far beyond that, utilizing International Law to subjugate non-European powers, within the Western European order. According to the Western assertion, International Law is to be abided by all. The idea of material benefit has played a central role for the Western nations to colonialize other peoples and fight for wealth around the world. They do so without finding any real resistance from people who claim freedom,
正义、平等与人权!
justice, equality and human rights!