6.1.4 经济问题 - 驳斥资本主义西方思想 | Quran Course

6.1.4 经济问题 - 驳斥资本主义西方思想 | Quran Course

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6.1.4 经济问题

6.1.4 The Economic Problem

by Hizb Ut Tahrir2 min readViewed 52 times

根据西方的观点,经济问题可以简要概括为相对稀缺的公理性原则:资源有限,而需求无限。这意味着商品和服务不足以完全满足人类的所有需求。因此,他们说:"问题在于,尽管你的需要或欲望几乎是无限的,但满足这些欲望的资源却是稀缺的",这一说法见于威廉·A·麦克尤恩(William A. McEachern)的《经济学:当代导论》(Economics: A Contemporary Introduction)。由此,西方的理性认为:"人类的需求是无限的,人总是追求更多、更好……人永远无法得到完全的满足",这一观点见于耶勒·齐耶尔斯特拉(Jelle Zijlstra)的《经济学导论》(Introduction to Economics)。既然需求和欲望是无限的,而满足它们的物质是有限的,那么按照西方人的看法,经济问题便产生于无法实现对这些需求的完全满足。

The economic problem according to the West can be simply summarized as the axiomatic principle of relative scarcity, with limited resources amidst unlimited needs. It means an insufficiency of goods and services to satiate all human needs completely. This is why they say, “The problem is that, although your wants, or desires, are virtually unlimited, the resources available to satisfy these wants are scarce,” as stated in Economics: A Contemporary Introduction by William A. McEachern. Thus the Western intellect sees that “human needs are unlimited and man always seeks for more and better...one can never be fully satiated," as stated in the book Introduction to Economics by Jelle Zijlstra. Since needs and desires are unlimited, whilst the material to satiate them are limited, the economic problem, according to the Westerners, emerges from the inability of achieving the complete satiation of such needs.

因此,经济政策的出发点必须是确保所有个人的基本需要得到充分满足,同时使他们尽可能地满足奢侈性需要。在不保证每个人都能受益的情况下,单纯提高生产、促进经济发展、提升全国整体生活水平,这是错误的。同样错误的是向民众提供福利,却任由他们尽其所能地索取福利,而不保障每一个人——无论他是谁——的生存权利。因此,西方的经济政策虽然旨在发展经济、增加生产,却忽视了分配。西方的经济政策只关注追求物质经济的生产,而不顾及社会中每个个体满足其基本需要的权利。这是一种错误的政策:它在理论上为一部分人提供了相对的福祉,同时却使其余因贫困和赤贫而受苦的人背上罪责,尽管他们在生存权利和满足基本需要的权利上与其他人是平等的。

Accordingly, the origin of economic policy must be to ensure the satiation of all the basic needs of all the individuals, with complete satiation, whilst enabling them to satiate the luxurious needs as much as they can. It is erroneous to increase the production, economic development and raise the living standards of the nation as a whole, without ensuring that everyone benefits. It is also erroneous to offer welfare to people, leaving them free to take welfare as much as they can, without guaranteeing the right to living for every one of them, no matter who he is. Thus the Western economic policy, that aims to develop the economy and increase production, neglects the distribution. The Western economic policy is concerned only with the search for producing the materialistic economy, without concern for the right of every individual of the society, in satiating their basic needs. It is an erroneous policy that theoretically provides relative well-being to a group of individuals, whilst pronouncing guilt upon the rest of people afflicted by poverty and destitution. This is even though they are equal in their rights to a living and satiation of the basic needs.

至于伊斯兰，除了用以规范所有权和鼓励增加生产的教法律例之外，它还制定了其他律例，以确保每个人的基本需求得到完全满足。伊斯兰还保障每一位公民的财富分配，逐一落实到个人。伊斯兰保障食物、衣物和住所等基本需求的分配，以确保全体人民都得到完全的满足。此外，伊斯兰使每一位公民都能尽可能地满足对奢侈品的需求。因此，伊斯兰既不像资本主义那样，把满足基本需求当作制度的补丁，也不像资本主义那样，针对特定的弱势问题，只照顾某些群体而排斥其他群体。相反，伊斯兰把各种分配方式本身确立为制度的律例。因此，允许拥有财产及为此工作的律例、消费开支的律例、处理一切事务的律例，都属于教法律例，在立法与证据上具有同等的重要性。伊斯兰由此形成了一套完整的经济体系，我们已在著作中作了详细阐述。

As for Islam, in addition to Shariah rulings to legislate ownership and work to increase production, it has legislated other rulings to ensure the complete satiation of all the basic needs of all the individuals. Islam also ensures the distribution of wealth for each individual citizen, one by one. Islam ensures all the basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter, are distributed to ensure complete, universal satiation. Additionally, Islam enables each individual citizen to satiate the needs for luxuries as much as possible. Thus Islam neither ensures the satiation of basic needs as a patchwork to the system, nor addresses specific vulnerabilities, singling out certain groups to the exclusion of others, as Capitalism does. Instead Islam made modes of distribution as rulings of the system itself. Thus the rulings of permitting the ownership and work for it, rulings of spending, rulings of taking care of all the affairs, all these are Shariah rulings, of equal import in legislation and evidence. Islam gives rise to a complete economic system as we have detailed in our books.