5 文明的冲突
5 The Clash between Civilisations
伊斯兰与其他文明之间冲突的历史
The History of the Clash between Islam and other Civilisations
伊斯兰与其他宗教和文明之间的冲突(斗争,sira'a)由来已久,而我们所关心的,是伊斯兰与其他宗教和文明之间的冲突。事实是,伊斯兰是一种充满斗争的宗教(deen),自穆罕默德ﷺ奉命公开宣讲真理之时起,直到末日来临,都是如此。当他ﷺ奉命公开宣讲所受的使命时,伊斯兰的观念与库夫尔(kufr)的观念之间便开始了思想上的斗争。这场思想斗争一直延续到我们的时代。尽管其间又增添了其他形式的斗争,它却从未停止,也不允许停止。思想斗争就是以犀利的方式、以强烈而严厉的态度驳斥各种思想。使者ﷺ履行这一使命,是遵从安拉(SWT)的命令。因此,安拉(SWT)曾这样说:
The clash/struggle (sira'a) between religions and civilisations is ancient, and what concerns us is the clash between Islam and other religions and civilisations. The truth is that Islam is a deen of struggle from the time when Muhammad (PBUH) was commanded to come out openly with the truth until the Hour is established. When He (PBUH) was ordered to speak out openly what he was commanded, the intellectual struggle commenced between the concepts of Islam and the concepts of kufr. This intellectual struggle has continued until our time. It has not stopped nor is it allowed to stop, despite what was added to it of other types of struggle. The intellectual struggle is refuting thoughts with sharp styles, and with intensity and harshness. The Messenger (PBUH) performed it in execution of the command of Allah (SWTH). So He (SWTH) would say:
"你们和你们舍真主而崇拜的,必定是火狱的燃料,你们必定会入其中。"(《古兰经》21:98)
"Verily you and what you worship besides Allah are fuel for the Hellfire! Surely you will enter it" [TMQ Al-Anbiya: 98].
和:
And:
"一个四处搬弄是非、散布谗言的人;一个阻挠善行、侵犯他人、罪孽深重的人;一个残暴,而且出身卑贱的人"[TMQ 盖莱姆章:11-13]。
"A slanderer, going about with calumnies. A hinderer of good, transgressor, sinful. Cruel, after all that, base-born" [TMQ Al-Qalam: 11-3].
和:
And:
"然后,你们这些迷误的否认者啊,你们必定要吃那棵宗教树[Zaqqum]的果实,用它充塞肚腹,再在上面饮滚烫的开水,如同干渴的骆驼那样饮用。这便是他们在报应日的款待!我们创造了你们,你们为何不信?"【TMQ 瓦基阿章:51-57】
"Then, verily, you misguided, deniers. You will surely eat of the tree of Zaqqum. Then you will fill bellies therewith. Drink boiling water on top of it. So you will drink the drinking of thirsty camels. That will be their entertainment on the Day of Recompense! We created you, so why do you not believe?" [TMQ Al-Waqi’a: 51-7].
和:
And:
"{ 相信,罪犯们是在迷误和烈火之中的!}"[《古兰经》月亮章:47] 另外:
"Verily the criminals are in misguidance and will burn!" [TMQ Al-Qamar: 47] And:
“然后我们祈祷,并请求安拉的诅咒降临否认者身上。”(《古兰经·阿里·伊姆兰》:61)
"Then we pray and invoke the curse of Allah upon the deniers" [TMQ Al- Imran: 61].
和:
And:
{愿阿布·拉哈卜的双手毁灭,他也必定毁灭}[《古兰经》·棕榈纤维章:1]。
"Perish the hands of Abu Lahab and he has perished" [TMQ Al-Masad: 1].
和:
And:
"{إِنَّ شَانِئَكَ هُوَ الْأَبْتَرُ}"这段经文是《古兰经》第108章《送惠》第3节,此处为引文,应保持原样译出。 根据译文规则,经文译文应保留在大括号内。但题目要求是翻译用户的文字,以下按原文译出: “确实,那憎恨你的人,他是断后的。”[《古兰经》108:3] 这种思想上的努力,与他(SWT)的话并不矛盾:
"Verily the one who makes you angry will be cut off" [TMQ Al-Kauthar: 3]. This intellectual struggle does not contradict with His (SWTH) saying:
"你要以智慧和善言召唤人遵循你主的道路,并以最好的方式与他们辩论。你的主最知道谁偏离了祂的道路,祂也最知道谁是得到引导的。"[古兰经 An-Nahl:125] 这是因为此处的"智慧"指的是理性的证明(burhan 'aqli)和确凿无疑的论据(hujjat damigha);而"善言"指的是美好的劝诫。美好的劝诫即是同时触动人的思想与情感,正如安拉(SWTH)所说:
"Invite to the way of your Lord with (hikma) and fair preaching. And argue with them with what is better. Verily your Lord knows best who has gone astray from His way and He knows best those who are guided." [TMQ Al-Nahl: 125] This is because the (hikma) here is the intellectual proof (burhan 'aqli) and the irrefutable evidence (hujjat damigha); and the fair preaching is the beautiful reminder. The beautiful reminder is by impressing the thoughts and emotions collectively like His (SWTH) saying:
"不要与有经人争论,除非以更好的方式,但其中作恶者除外。"[古兰经 Al-Ankabut:46] 所谓更好的方式,就是在争论中不计较他们对你的伤害。至于那些以战斗作恶,或拒绝接受律法加诸其身,或不缴纳人头税(jizyah)的人,与他们争论就要用剑。作为智力斗争的一个例子,伊本·艾布·舍巴和阿布杜·拉扎格在各自的《圣训集》(Musnad)中所记载,以及史书作者等人从古塔德传述:先知ﷺ对一个人说:
"Argue not with the People of the Book except with that which is better except those who do wrong among them." [TMQ Al-Ankabut: 46] That which is better is to turn away from their harm to you in the argument. As for those who do wrong through fighting or refusing the enforcement of the rule upon them and the paying of jizyah, arguing with them is by the sword. As an example of intellectual struggle narrated regarding Him is what ibn Abi Sheeba and Abdurrazaq reported in their Musnads,as well as the writers of the Seerah and others, from Qatadah that "the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said to a man:
“伊斯兰教吧,艾布·哈里斯。”那基督徒说:“我已经皈依伊斯兰教了。”于是他说:“伊斯兰教吧,艾布·哈里斯。”那基督徒说:“我已经皈依伊斯兰教了。”于是他第三次对他说:“伊斯兰教吧,艾布·哈里斯。”那基督徒说:“我在你之前已经皈依伊斯兰教了。”于是他生气地说:“你撒谎。你与伊斯兰教之间有三件事阻隔着:你购买葡萄酒(他没有说:‘你饮用葡萄酒’)、你吃猪肉,以及你为真主立子嗣。” 据阿萨纳尼在其《古兰经注》中引述,阿卜杜勒·拉扎克转述自盖塔德:乌拜伊·本·赫莱夫带着一块腐烂的骨头来,一边将它撒向风中,一边说:“穆罕默德啊,真主会使这东西复活吗?”先知ﷺ说:
'Embrace Islam, Abu Al-Harith.' The Christian said: 'I have embraced Islam.' So he said: 'Embrace Islam, Abu Al-Harith.' The Christian said: 'I have embraced Islam.' So he said to him the third time: 'Embrace Islam, Abu Al-Harith.' The Christian said: 'I have embraced Islam before you.' So he became angry and said: 'you lie. Three matters barred between you and Islam: Your purchasing of wine (he did not say: 'Your drinking wine'), your eating the pig and your invoking a child for Allah.'" And As-Sana'ni reported in his 'Tafseer' from Abdurrazaq from Qatadah that Ubayy bin Khalaf came with a decaying tooth while scattering it in the wind and said: Will Allah give life to this, O Muhammad? The Prophet (PBUH) said:
"是的,安拉会使它复活,然后使你们死去,并将你们送入火狱!"阿勒-哈基姆在《阿勒-穆斯塔德拉克》中记载并认定其为可靠,传述自贾比尔·本·阿卜杜拉(愿安拉喜悦他),他说:
"Yes, Allah will give life to it and cause you to die and enter you into the Fire!" And Al-Hakim reported in 'Al-Mustadrak' and authenticated it from Jabir bin Abdullah (ra) who said:
有一天,古莱氏人聚会,乌特巴·本·拉比阿来到他面前说:"穆罕默德啊,你是更好,还是阿卜杜拉更好?"……安拉的使者ﷺ保持沉默。然后安拉的使者ﷺ说:"你说完了吗?"他说:"说完了。"于是安拉的使者ﷺ诵读:"奉慈仈的至仁主之名。哈·米。这是从至仁至慈的安拉降下的启示"……直到诵读至:"如果他们背弃,你就说:'我已经警告你们,像阿德和赛莫德所遭受的雷击那样的雷击。'"[《古兰经》41:1-13]乌特巴对他说:"够了,够了。你还有别的话吗?"他说:"没有。" 于是他回到古莱氏人那里,他们问:"你那边怎么样了?"他说:"我没有留下任何我认为你们会对他说的话,而没有对他说过。"他们问:"他回答你了吗?"他说:"是的。凭那撑起天穹的主起誓,我没有听懂他说的任何内容,只听出他警告你们要遭受阿德和赛莫德那样的雷击。"他们说:"你真糟糕!一个人用阿拉伯语跟你说话,你却不知道他说了什么?"他说:"不,凭安拉起誓,我除了听到提及雷击之外,什么也没听懂。" 以上是从他那里所流传的一些关于思想斗争的记载。
"Quraysh convened one day and Utbah bin Rabi'ah came to him and said: O Muhammad, are you better or Abdullah?...The Messenger of Allah was silent. Then the Messenger of Allah said: Have you finished? He said: Yes. So the Messenger of Allah recited: 'Bismillah ir-Rahmaan ir-Raheem. Ha Meem. A revelation from Allah, ir- Rahmaan, ir-Raheem' until he reached: 'But if they turn away, then say: 'I have warned you of a lightning bold like the lightning bolt of 'Ad and Thamud' [TMQ Fussilat: 1-13] Utbah said to him: It is enough, it is enough. Have you anything other than this? He said: No.So he returned to Quraysh and they said: What is behind you? He said: I did not leave anything that I thought you would say to him except that I said to him. They said: Did he answer you? He said: Yes. By the One who set upright the structure, I understood nothing of what he said except that he warned you of a lightning bolt of 'Aad and Thamud. They said: Woe unto you, a man spoke to you in Arabic and you do not know what he said? He said: No, by Allah, I understood nothing except mentioning the lighting bolt." This is some of what was narrated from him of intellectual struggle.
同样,一些圣门弟子也会这样做。其中一例是伊本·伊斯哈格以其传述链引述祖拜尔所说的话:"在麦加,继安拉的使者ﷺ之后,第一个大声诵读《古兰经》的人是阿卜杜拉·本·麦斯欧德(愿安拉喜悦他)。他说:有一天,安拉的使者ﷺ的同伴们聚在一起,说:以安拉发誓,古莱什人还没有听过大声诵读的《古兰经》,那么,谁来让他们听一听呢?阿卜杜拉·本·麦斯欧德说:我来。他们说:我们担心他们会伤害你。我们所需要的,是一个有亲族保护的人,若有人对他图谋不轨,他们可以保护他。他说:你们别管我,安拉(SWTH)会保护我。第二天,本·麦斯欧德在上午来到易卜拉欣的立足石(位于天房旁)处,开始诵读:"
Likewise, some of the Sahabah would do this. Of this is what ibn Ishaq narrated with his chain from Az-Zubair who said: "The first to loudly recite the Qur'an in Makkah after the Messenger of Allah was 'Abdullah bin Mas'oud (ra). He said: The companions of the Messenger of Allah assembled one day and said: By Allah, the Quraysh have not heard the Qur'an being loudly recited yet, so which man will make them hear it? 'Abdullah bin Mas'oud said: Me. They said: Verily we fear them against you. We intend a person who has kinsfolk who protect him from the people if they have evil designs upon him. He said: Leave me. Allah (SWTH) will protect me. He said: On the morrow, bin Mas'oud came to the maqam (of Ibrahim at the Ka'aba) in the forenoon and recited:
“الرَّحْمَٰنُ * عَلَّمَ الْقُرْآنَ”[TMQ 阿拉赫曼章:1-2]。随后,他当着他们的面诵读。他说:他们细思之后开始问:“伊本·乌姆·阿卜杜(Ibn Umm 'Abd)在说什么?”他说:然后他们说:“他在念穆罕默德所带来的一些内容。”于是他们站起来,开始打他的脸,而他仍坚持诵读安拉所意欲让他读到的内容。之后他回到同伴那里,脸上已经受了伤。他们对他说:“这正是我们为你所担心的。”他说:“安拉的敌人,从来没有比现在在我眼中更卑微。如果你们愿意,明天我还可以再这样做。”他们说:“不必了,你所说的已经足够,你让他们听到了他们所厌恶的。” 伊本·凯西尔在《Jami' Al-Masaneed wa As-Sunan》中转述:“来自哈提卜(Hatib)的记载,安拉的使者ﷺ曾派他去见朱赖吉·本·米纳(Juraij bin Mina),他是亚历山大的总督(Muqawqis),后者对他说:‘你们的先知为何不祈求反对那些把他赶出家乡的人?’他对他说:‘正如你们的先知没有祈求反对那些企图杀他的人,直到安拉将他接到自己身边。’他对他说:‘你做得很好。你是一个来自智者的智者。’” 哈基姆在《Al-Mustadrak》中转述并说(此段)符合两位长老(布哈里与穆斯林)的条件,是圣训健全(saheeh)的:“来自艾布·穆萨(ra)的记载,他说:安拉的使者ﷺ命令我们迁往阿比西尼亚国王纳杰什(An-Najashi)的土地。这一消息传到古莱什人那里,他们便派遣阿慕尔·本·阿绥(Amru bin Al-As)和阿玛拉·本·沃利德('Amara bin Al-Waleed),并为纳杰什国王搜集了礼物。他们来到我们这里,走近纳杰什,把礼物带给他,亲吻他并向他俯伏。然后阿慕尔·本·阿绥说:‘确实有一伙我们这边的人厌弃我们的宗教,他们现在在你的国土上。’纳杰什对他说:‘在我的国土上?’他说:‘是的。’他说:‘把他们送到我这里来。’贾法尔对我们说:‘你们中谁都不要说话,今天由我替你们发言。’” 于是我们来到了阿穆尔·本·阿斯的……不对,按原文:我们来到纳加希(An-Najashi)那里时,他正坐在他的议会中,阿穆鲁在他的右边,阿玛拉在他的左边,僧侣和修士们坐在一旁(samatin)。阿穆鲁和阿玛拉对他说:他们不向你叩拜。我们来到他面前时,与他在一起的僧侣和修士责备我们:你们要向你们的国王叩拜。哲阿法尔说:我们只向真主叩拜。纳加希对他说:那么,那是谁?他说:真主(SWTH)确已在我们中间派遣了他的(SWTH)使者,他就是尔撒预言将在他之后到来的使者,其名为艾哈迈德。他命令我们崇拜真主,不以任何事物与祂并列,守拜,交天课,
'Ar-Rahmaan. Has taught the Qur'an' [TMQ Ar-Rahman: 1-2]. Then he faced them reciting it. He said: They contemplated it then began asking: What is ibn Umm 'Abd saying? He said: Then they said: He is reciting some of what Muhammad came with. So they stood and began striking upon his face and he maintained reciting what Allah willed that he reaches. Then he left to his companions, and he had been affected in the face. They said to him: This is what we feared for you. He said: The enemies of Allah were no more contemptible to me than now, and if you wish I will awake for the like tomorrow. They said: No, it is enough for you, what you said. You have made them hear what they detest." And ibn Kathir reported in 'Jami' Al-Masaneed wa As-Sunan': "From Hatib whom the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) had sent to Juraij bin Mina who was the Muqawqis of Alexandria who said to him: Why does your Prophet not invoke against those who expelled him from his land? He said to him: Just as your Prophet did not invoke against those who intended to kill him until Allah raised him to Him. He said to him: You have acted well. You are a wise man coming from a wise man." And Al- Hakim reported in 'Al-Mustadrak' and said (it is) saheeh upon the conditions of the two Sheikhs (Al-Bukhari and Muslim): "From Abu Musa (ra) who said: The Messenger of Allah commanded us to depart to the land of An-Najashi. That reached Quraysh and they sent Amru bin Al-As and 'Amara bin Al-Waleed, and they collected gifts for An- Najashi. They came to us and advanced to An-Najashi, arrived to him with gifts, kissed him and prostrated to him. Then Amru bin Al-As said: Verily a folk from us disliked our religion and they are in your land. An- Najashi said to him: In my land? He said: Yes? He said: Send them to me. Ja'far said to us: Let none of you speak. I am your speaker today. So we reached An-Najashi while he was sitting in his assembly, Amru at his right and 'Amara at his left, and the priests and monks seated (samatin). Amru and Amara said to him: They do not prostrate to you. When we reached him, the priests and monks with him chided us: Prostrate to your king. Ja'far said: We do not prostrate except to Allah. An-Najashi said to him: And who is that? He said: Verily Allah (SWTH) sent among us His (SWTH) Messenger, and he is the Messenger that Isa prophesied (to come) after him whose name is Ahmad. He commanded us to worship Allah without associating anything with Him, to establish the prayer, pay the zakat,
他命令我们行善,禁止我们作恶。他说:
and he commanded us the good and forbade us from the evil. He said:
他的话让众人惊叹。阿慕尔见状,便对他说:愿真主使国王昌盛。他们在耶稣·本·玛利亚的事上反对你。于是,纳贾希对贾法尔说:你们的同伴对玛利亚之子有什么看法?他说:他说关于他的话,正如真主所言:他是真主的灵,是真主的话语,是真主所降下的,出自从未有男子接近过的童贞女。纳贾希随即从地上拾起一根木棍,举起来说:祭司和修士们啊,你们所说的关于耶稣·本·玛利亚的话,超不过这根木棍的宽度。欢迎你们,也欢迎你们所来的那位。我确实作证,他是真主的使者ﷺ,他就是耶稣·本·玛利亚所预言的那位。若不是我身为君王的职责,我真愿前去拜见他,甚至为他提鞋。你们愿在我的国土上住多久就住多久。他吩咐为他们提供食物和衣物。并说:把这两人的礼物还给他们。 艾哈迈德也从乌姆·赛莱麦(愿真主喜悦她)那里以更长的篇幅转述了这段圣训,其细节比艾布·穆萨(愿真主喜悦他)的那段更为详尽。海赛米在《集成》中转述了它,并说:其传述人皆为《沙希赫》圣训的传述人,唯有伊本·易沙格除外,而他明确表示自己亲耳听过。 先知ﷺ去世之后,穆斯林仍在与异教的宗教和文明进行思想与军事上的斗争,这一点将在后文说明。直到伊斯兰教传遍古代世界的各个地区,只余少数例外。人们成群结队地皈依伊斯兰,他们抛弃了此前的宗教和文明,成为一个崭新而统一的乌玛:其信仰一致,思想一致,对生活的看法一致,制度一致,利益一致,最崇高的理想也一致,即高举真主的话语。它跻身世界领先国家之列,其城市成为启迪思想、弘扬汇一信仰与公正教法的光明中心。 他们把《天启之书》(《古兰经》)、圣训和阿拉伯语带到了世界各地,伊斯兰教因此成为万民所奉的信仰,人们对阿拉伯语的兴趣也大大增长,直至他们之中涌现出了伊智提哈德(独立判断)的学者和语言学家,不分阿拉伯人与非阿拉伯人,最终因真主的恩典而成为兄弟。如今,我们看到针对阿拉伯语的恶毒运动,其手段包括:倡导口语化、用拉丁字母书写穆斯林的其他语言,以及把各地的方言俗语视为阿拉伯语,企图借此使阿拉伯语与伊斯兰教分离。众所周知,不懂阿拉伯语的人不可能理解伊斯兰教,更遑论以之进行伊智提哈德。他们想让阿拉伯语变得和拉丁语、叙利亚语一样,使得除了研究这门已不再使用的语言的专家之外,无人能理解伊斯兰教。实际上,他们是想让阿拉伯语成为一门死语言。不懂阿拉伯语的人,又怎能理解以下这些内容呢:陈述句(khabar)、祈使句(insha'a)、命令(amr)、禁止(nahy)、字面义(haqeeqa)与比喻义(majaz)、effective因由('illah)、原因(sabab)、条件(sharT)、阻碍性因素(maan'i)、普遍(a'amm)、特定(khaas)、绝对(mutlaq)、限定(muqayyad)、明示文义所指(mantooq)与隐含文义所指(mfhoom)、必然蕴含(iltizam),以及字母的含义、词形变化、语法等等?所有这些对于理解教法经文都是必不可少的。凡是倡导此说者,便是伊斯兰的敌人;而穆斯林中被这些谬论所蒙蔽的人,则是愚昧的。
His words amazed the people. When Amru saw that, he said to him: Allah prosper the king. They oppose you in Isa bin Maryam. So An- Najashi said to Ja'far: What does your companion say about the son of Mary? He said: He says about him the saying of Allah: He is the spirit of Allah and His word that He brought forth from the maiden virgin whom no man had approached. He said: Then An-Najashi picked a stick from the ground, then raised it and said: O priests and monks, these do no exceed the width of this, what you say about Isa bin Maryam. Welcome to you and to the one whom you came from. Verily I bear witness that he is the Messenger of Allah (PBUH), and that he is the one Isa bin Maryam prophesied of. Were it not for what I am on of kingship, I would go to him until I carry his shoes. Dwell in my land as long as you wish, and he commanded food and clothing for them. And he said: Return to these two their gifts." And Ahmad reported this hadith in greater length from Umm Salamah (ra), and it is more detailed than the hadith of Abu Musa (ra). Al-Haithami reported it in 'Al-Majma'a'' and said: Its men are the men of the saheeh (ahadith) apart from ibn Ishaq, and he explicitly stated that he heard it. Muslims remained struggling with the religions and civilisations of kufr after his death in an intellectual and military struggle - as will follow - until Islam spread across the regions of the ancient world save a little thereof. People entered into Islam in crowds, and they shed their previous religions and civilisations and became a single new Ummah, its ‘aqeedah one, its thoughts one, its viewpoint in life one, its system one, its interest one, and its highest ideal one namely raising high the word of Allah. It assumed the position of the leading state in the world, and its towns became the centres of radiance for the enlightened thought, the ‘aqeedah of tawheed and the just Shari'ah. They carried the Book and Sunnah, and the Arabic language, to the world so Islam became the ideology of all, and the interest in the Arabic language became great, until there emerged among them mujtahidoon and scholars of language, without difference between Arab and non-Arab, until they became brothers by the favour of Allah. Today, we see a vicious campaign against the Arabic language to detach it from Islam through wicked styles such as the call to colloquialism, writing the other languages of Muslims in the Latin alphabet, and considering local colloquial languages as Arabic. It is known that it is impossible for the one who does not know Arabic to understand Islam, not to mention performing ijtihad with it. They want the Arabic to become like Latin and Syriac such that none understands Islam except experts in this unused language. In reality, they want it to become a dead language. How would the one who does not understand Arabic be able to understand the news (khabar), composition (insha'a), command ('amr), prohibition (nahy), the literal (haqeeqa) and metaphoric (majaz), the reason ('illah), cause (sabab), condition (sharT), preventive (maan'i), general (a'amm), specific (khaas), absolute (mutlaq), restricted (muqayyad), the indications of the explicit wording (mantooq) and the understood (mfhoom) and necessity (iltizam), the meanings of the letters, conjugation, grammar etc? All of these are necessary to understand the Shari'ah texts. Whoever calls to this is an enemy of Islam, and whoever among the Muslims is fooled by these falsehoods is stupid.
然而,安拉(SWTH)的宗教并非以完整、完善的方式普遍被接受,即便在阿拉伯人自身之中也是如此。被征服的宗教和文明依然存在。起初它们之所以衰弱,是因为其得以成长的环境已经消失。于是,异端分子(zanadiqa)的运动失败并遭到镇压。然而,此后阿拉伯语的被忽视导致了创制(ijtihad)之门的关闭,以及对律例理解上的混乱,使国家日渐衰弱,最终分裂为一个个小国。古代文明的一些思想渗入了穆斯林之中,例如来自印度教哲学的苦行与惩罚肉体的观念,部分人中的部落主义,另一些人中的隐微之义(batiniyya)思想,以及脱离哈里发中心的倾向,这些都削弱了国家,并使征服活动停止。十字军和鞑靼人甚至觊觎其领土,直到奥斯曼人到来,将国家的大部分地区统一在其统治之下,并恢复了征服活动。然而,军事特性占据了主导,却没有以正确的方式承载其理念,因此被征服地区的民众并未像早期征服时那样熔铸于伊斯兰的熔炉之中。人们可以分辨出乌兹别克、塔吉克、普什图、突厥、柏柏尔、印度、(Ad-Deelam)、土库曼和库尔德等民族,他们对伊斯兰的热爱与坚守,与奥斯曼时期被征服的民族如塞尔维亚人、希腊人、匈牙利人、克罗地亚人、罗马尼亚人等之间存在明显差异。后者一旦有机会复仇,便迅速与西方勾结,反对伊斯兰及其国家,从不停歇。随后,针对伊斯兰的文化与传教渗透开始了,直至西方文明最终摧毁了伊斯兰国家,将其分裂,并瓦解了穆斯林的团结(jama’ah)。 西方资本主义并未止步于此,而是致力于在穆斯林中传播其民族主义、爱国主义、民主、自由、人造准则和虚构边界等观念。它在这些弹丸小国中扶植了与之结盟的腐败统治者,他们巩固其影响与观念,维护其利益,维持分裂局面,偏离安拉的道路,并反对每一个试图挣脱其束缚的真诚之人。与此同时,他们还得到了一批代理知识分子的协助,这些人热情地宣扬西方思想,为之辩护,并与伊斯兰文明为敌,以盲目的真诚站在乌玛之敌一边。十字军敌人及其在穆斯林国家中有影响力的代理人,控制了媒体和教育,于是他们自己迷失了方向,也使他人迷失。 这场思想上的攻击并未停止,而是更加猛烈地推动着所谓西方文明的理念,即所谓的自由、民主、多元主义、公民社会、制度国家、人权、妇女权利、爱国纽带、宗教对话等等。因此,这实际上可以被视为伊斯兰文明与资本主义文明之间一场激烈的思想斗争。这种冲突如此明显,无需证据,因为我们每天都在亲身经历,无论一些知识分子和有影响力的资本家如何通过歪曲和欺骗试图掩盖它。例如,我们看到前美国总统尼克松在《有利的机会》(al-fursa as-saniha)一书中说:"我们的孤立与我们的价值观和宗教信仰相矛盾,而这些信仰呼吁在全世界传播美德。"他在《不战而胜》一书中还说:"革命性的伊斯兰意识形态是对现代化的一种反应。" 共产主义承诺将历史的时针向前拨动,伊斯兰原教旨主义则将其向后拨回。共产主义革命者与伊斯兰革命者是意识形态上的敌人,却有着共同的目标:不择手段地夺取权力,旨在建立一种基于其理想的专制统治,而这种统治是令人难以忍受的。 我们看到,现任意大利总理贝卢斯科尼说:"我们必须意识到我们文明的优越性。东方将继续朝向西方文明,这种趋向还将增强。这曾在共产主义世界发生过,也曾在伊斯兰世界的部分地区发生过。" 奥斯陆进程的协调人特丽·拉尔森欢迎巴勒斯坦穆斯林倾向于与西方正常化。在奥斯陆和怀伊河会谈中的犹太代表团成员之一奥里·斯佩尔在其著作《历程》(Al-Maseera)中提到:"妇女头上的头巾开始消失,裙子的下摆开始变短,拉尔森对此表示欢迎,认为这是倾向于与西方正常化的表现。"事实上,在奥斯陆协议之前的第一次大起义期间,妇女是不敢这样做的。 我们还看到,前美国副国务卿菲利斯·奥克利说:"我们同意那些认为文明冲突不可避免的人的观点。"前美国国务卿马德琳·奥尔布赖特说:"我们因为我们的身份而遭到袭击。我们坚持全球化,捍卫民主、自由和开放社会。这就是美国的本质,我们不能从中后退。"(《耶路撒冷》杂志引用华盛顿纳桑·查尔斯的译文)。美国耶鲁大学历史学教授保罗·肯尼迪说:"很难不推断出,恐怖袭击的危险不会停止。我们在防止这些袭击发生方面也并未取得巨大成功。" "精灵已经从瓶口逃出,它带着复仇的精神;汽车炸弹如今已变成了飞机炸弹"(《耶路撒冷报》,2001年9月22日译文)。前以色列总统赫尔佐格1992年在波兰议会上说:"伊斯兰原教旨主义的瘟疫正在迅速蔓延。它的危险不仅针对犹太民族,而是针对全人类。"(《阿拉伯人》杂志第514期)西蒙·佩雷斯说:"在共产主义崩溃之后,原教旨主义已成为这个时代最大的危险。"(《阿拉伯人》杂志第514期)美国前国务卿赛勒斯·万斯说:"我们必须谨慎而坚决地应对这些狂热分子,他们的行为令人无法预测。"(《阿拉伯人》杂志第514期)法国的一部文化百科全书称穆罕默德ﷺ是:"基督的敌人、掳掠妇女者,以及人类智力的最大敌人。"
However, the embracing of the deen of Allah (SWTH) was not general in a complete perfected way, even among the Arabs themselves. The defeated religions and civilisations remained present. They were weak at the beginning due to the disappearance of the environment that allowed their growth. Thus the movement of heretics (zanadiqa) failed and was suppressed. However, the negligence of the Arabic language afterwards led to the closure of the gates of ijtihad and confusion in understanding the rules, which weakened the State until it became petty states. Some thoughts of the ancient civilisations intruded to Muslims like the idea of asceticism and punishing the body from Hindu philosophy, tribalism among some, the ideas of hidden secret meanings (batiniyya) in others, and the inclination to separate from the centre of the Khilafah, weakened the State and stopped the conquests. Rather the Crusaders and Tatars coveted it until the Ottomans came and unified most of the regions of the State under their authority and resumed the conquests. However, the military character dominated it without carrying the ideology in the correct manner, so the peoples of the conquered lands were not melted into the crucible of Islam as occurred in the first conquests. It is possible to perceive the difference between the Uzbek, Tajik, Pushtun, Turkish, Berber, Indian, (Ad-Deelam), Turkmen and Kurdish peoples, their love for Islam and adherence to it, and the peoples conquered in the period of the Ottomans like the Serbs, Greeks, Hungarians, Croats, Romanians and others. These quickly conspired with the West against Islam and their State, and they never abstained whenever offered an opportunity for vengeance. Then the cultural and missionary invasions against Islam started until the Western civilisation achieved the destruction of the Islamic State, fragmented it, and divided the community (jama’ah) of Muslims. Nor did Western Capitalism stop at that limit; rather it worked to spread its concepts of nationalism, patriotism, democracy, freedom, man-made canons, and imaginary borders among Muslims. It appointed over these petty states corrupt rulers allied to them who consolidate its influence and concepts, protect its interests, preserve the division, deviate from the way of Allah and oppose every sincere person who attempts to free himself from their noose. They were assisted upon that by agent intellectuals who invite to Western thoughts with passion, defend them, and struggle against the Islamic civilisation, standing with blind sincerity to the side of the Ummah's enemy. The Crusader enemies and their agents among the influential people in the Muslim countries, put under their control the media means and education, thus they became misguided and misguiding. This intellectual assault did not stop so the call to the concepts of Western civilisation of what they call freedoms, democracy, pluralism, civil society, the state of institutions, human rights, women's rights, the patriotic bond, religious dialogue etc, is in full swing. Thus it is truly considered a violent intellectual struggle between the two civilisations; Islamic and Capitalist. This clash is so clear such that it requires no evidence, for we are living it daily, no matter how much some intellectuals and the influential Capitalists attempt to hide it, through distortion and deception. For example, we find the former American president Nixon say in 'The Favourable Opportunity (al-fursa as-saniha)': "Our isolation contradicts our values and religious beliefs, which call to spread virtue throughout the world." He also says in his book 'Victory without War': "The revolutionary Islamic ideology is a reaction against modernisation. Communism promises to rotate the hour of history forwards and Islamic fundamentalism returns it backwards…Communist and Islamic revolutionaries are ideological enemies adopting a common aim: Desire to achieve power by any necessary means with the aim of imposing a dominant dictatorship based upon their ideals which are unbearable." We find Berlusconi, the current Italian prime minister, say: "We must be aware of the superiority of our civilisation. The East will remain oriented towards the civilisation of the West and this orientation will increase. This occurred once in the communist world and, also occurred in parts of the Islamic world." Teri Larson, the coordinator of the Oslo process, welcomed the inclination of Muslims of Palestine towards normalization with the West. One member of the Jewish delegation in Oslo and Wye River, Ori Speer, mentioned in his book 'The Course (Al-Maseera)': "The scarves started to disappear from the heads of women, and the dresses started to be shortened from the lower part, a matter that Larson welcomed, considering it inclined towards normalization with the West." In fact women would not dare to do that during the first Intifada before Oslo. We find also Phyllis Oakley, former Under-Secretary of State say: "We agree with those who say that the clash of civilisations cannot be avoided." Madeleine Albright, former US foreign secretary, said: "We were attacked because of our identity. We adhere to globalisation and defend democracy, freedom and open society. This is the essence of America from which we cannot retreat" (Al-Quds magazine quoting from the translated words of Nathan Charles- Washington). Paul Kennedy, History professor at the American Yale University says: "It is difficult to avoid deducing that the danger of terrorist attacks will not cease. We have not as well realized great success in preventing the occurrence of these attacks. The genie got out of the bottle's neck and it carries the spirit of vengeance; and the car bomb has now become the airplane bomb" (Al-Quds magazine in translated words of 22.9/2001). The former Jewish president, Hertzog, said before the Polish parliament in 1992: "The epidemic of Islamic fundamentalism spreads quickly. Nor does it pose a danger to the Jewish people only; rather upon all of humanity" (Al-'Arabi magazine number 514). Shimon Peres said: "Fundamentalism has become the greatest danger of the age after the collapse of communism" (Al-'Arabi magazine number 514). Cyrus Vance, former American foreign secretary, said: "We must be careful and resolved in dealing with these fanatics whose actions are impossible to predict" (Al-'Arabi magazine number 514). The French cultural encyclopaedia states that Muhammad is: "Anti-Christ, kidnapper of women, and the greatest enemy to the human intellect.".
这些人及其同类明确表露出他们对伊斯兰的敌意,他们的言论清楚地表明,他们依托其资本主义文明,对伊斯兰文明进行着暴力的思想斗争。然而,还有另一类人,他们试图蒙蔽穆斯林的双眼、迷惑他们,以维持其麻痹状态,使他们不去推动变革,而这些人对伊斯兰及其信众的敌意也丝毫不弱。因此,我们看到前美国总统克林顿说:"我们在中东的敌人是极端主义",他否定了"文明冲突"的说法。他同样说,当前的斗争与伊斯兰没有关系;它实际上是一场针对那些借宗教和民族主义掩护自己的极端势力的斗争。他还补充说,这与伊斯兰的教义相抵触,并强调伊斯兰是世界上宽容与中庸的一股强大力量(《阿拉伯人》杂志第514期)。比利时外交大臣路易斯·米切尔在评论贝卢斯科尼上述言论时说:"当欧盟某成员国的总理以这种逻辑发言时,这是完全不能接受的。认为某一文明比其他文明更优越或更先进的观点,被视为与我们所有人都信奉的欧洲价值观相悖。"(即上述基地组织研究圈,半岛电视台)。甚至小布什,这位公开宣布并宣称"十字军东征"的人,也没有阻止他访问华盛顿的伊斯兰中心,并将伊斯兰描述为和平的宗教。与他同伙于这场运动的英国首相布莱尔,同样将伊斯兰描述为和平的宗教,并以那段尊贵经文的含义作为证据:
These and their like explicitly state their enmity to Islam, and their statements are a clear indication that they practice with their Capitalist civilisation violent intellectual struggle against the Islamic civilisation. However, there is another group that attempts to blow ashes in the eyes and delude Muslims, in order to perpetuate their anaesthetisation and make them desist from generating change, while they are not less hostile to Islam and its people. So we find the former American president Clinton say: "Our enemy in the Middle East is extremism, and he rejected the idea of the clash of civilisations. Similarly he said that the current struggle has no relationship with Islam; it is however a struggle against extremist forces that hide with religion and nationalism. He added saying: that it contradicts with Islamic teachings and emphasised that Islam is a powerful force for tolerance and moderation in the world" (Al-'Arabi magazine number 514). Louis Mitchell, Belgian foreign secretary, says in comment upon the above-mentioned statements of Berlusconi: "When a prime minister of a member state of the European Union speaks with this logic, this is completely rejected. The view that any civilisation is better or of more advanced position than other civilisations is considered as contradicting European values in which we all believe" (above mentioned study circle of Al-Jazeera). Even Bush Jr. who declared openly the 'Crusade' and announced it, this did not prevent him from visiting the Islamic Centre in Washington and describing Islam as a deen of peace. Similar to him is his partner in this campaign, the British Prime Minister Blair, who described Islam as being a deen of peace, and he used as evidence the meaning of the noble ayah:
“任何人杀了一个人,若非因为那人杀人,或因在地上作乱,那就好像杀了全人类”[TMQ Al-Mai’dah: 32]。穆斯林必须不被这些人所说的欺骗性言辞所迷惑,因为他们的行为才显露出他们深藏的真实情感,而非他们虚假的言辞,穆斯林是不会被这些言辞所蒙骗的。
"Whoever kills a soul for other than a soul or (to spread) mischief in the earth, it is as if he killed all of mankind" [TMQ Al-Mai’dah: 32]. It is imperative that Muslims are not beguiled by deceptive words said by the like of these, for their deeds reveal their deep rooted feelings, not their false words, which do not fool a Muslim.
这些人对伊斯兰教的认识十分真实,甚至比一些穆斯林还要深刻。尼克松,这位前美国总统,我们已经提过他的一些言论:"他们的理想……无法实现……原教旨主义让它倒退……伊斯兰主义者是意识形态上的敌人"。我们在他的著作《有利的机会》中看到他说:"伊斯兰教不仅仅是一种宗教;它更是一个伟大文明的根基。"因此他将伊斯兰教与基督教区分开来。他在同一本书中谈到原教旨主义者时还说:"他们决心通过复兴过去,重建昔日的伊斯兰文明,他们致力于实施伊斯兰教法,并宣称伊斯兰既是宗教也是国家。"此外他还说:"然而,我们的文明并不比他们的文明更先进。伊斯兰世界抵抗共产主义的力量比西方世界更强,而他们对物质的摒弃,以及西方世界广泛存在的道德放纵,都是他们的优点,而非缺点。"可见他的这些话是真诚的;然而,这并没有阻止他宣称我们是意识形态上的敌人,也没有阻止他密谋对付穆斯林、协助犹太人对抗穆斯林。他在《不战而胜》一书中说:"我们对以色列生存的承诺是深刻的。我们并非正式的盟友。毋宁说,把我们联结在一起的,是远比任何纸片更为重要的东西。这是一种道义上的承诺,一种过去没有任何总统曾经放弃的承诺;未来的每一位总统都将真诚地履行它。美国绝不会允许那些发誓要给她造成严重伤害的以色列敌人实现摧毁以色列的目标。"他还在《有利的机会》中说:"为了保护受到威胁的民主政府,例如以色列和韩国,我们准备在必要时动用军事力量。" 他还说:"无论美国总统还是国会,都永远不可能允许以色列被摧毁。"这些人懂得伊斯兰及其文明的真实情况,然而他们坚持自己的怾(kufr)、敌意和诡计。这并不奇怪。穆斯林或许比西方文明的某些子弟更了解西方文明,但他仍然忠于自己的宗教与文明,反过来的情况也可能发生。因此,穆斯林绝不可被这类言论所蒙骗。
These people know Islam in its reality, rather even better than some Muslims. Nixon, the former American president, whose sayings we have already mentioned his sayings: "Their ideals which cannot be afforded…Fundamentalism turns it backwards…Islamists are ideological enemies", we find him say in his book 'The Favourable Opportunity': "Islam is not merely a religion; rather it is a basis for a great civilisation." So he distinguishes between Islam from Christianity, and he says in the same book in his discussion about fundamentalists: "They are determined to return the previous Islamic civilisation through reviving the past, and they aim to implement the Islamic Shari'ah and announce that Islam is a deen and a State." Furthermore he says: "However, our civilisation is not more advanced than their civilisation. The Islamic world fought communism with more strength than the Western world fought it, and their rejection of material things and the widespread immoral excesses in the Western world is a credit for them and not against them." Just as you see that he is sincere in such words; they, however, did not prevent him from announcing that we are ideological enemies. They also did not prevent him from conspiring against Muslims and assisting Jews against them. So he says in his book 'Victory without War': "Our commitment to the survival of Israel is a profound commitment. We are not official allies. Rather what binds us together is something greater than any paper scraps. It is a moral commitment, a commitment that no president in the past ever abandoned; and every future president will fulfil it with sincerity. America will never permit Israel's enemies who swore to inflict grievous damage upon her to realise their goal in destroying her." He also says in his book 'The Favourable Opportunity': "In order to protect the threatened democratic governments such as Israel and South Korea, we are prepared to use military power if necessary." He also says: "No American president or Congress will ever be able to permit the destruction of Israel." These people understand the reality of Islam and its civilisation; however they insist upon their kufr, enmity and tricks. This is not strange. The Muslim might understand the Western civilisation more than some of its sons, yet still he remains sincere to his deen and civilisation, just as the contrary can occur. So it is imperative that Muslims are not fooled by these types of statements.
哈里发的存在,即遵循先知之道、受正道引导的哈里发国,是伊斯兰与""库夫""(不信)之间斗争的根本基石。若将这场斗争的各种形式仅仅局限于各类媒体上的伊斯兰宣教、著书立说和个人接触,而此时伊斯兰并未被实施,穆斯林的处境又因虚弱、耻辱、落后和分裂而令人痛心,那便是天真和见识浅薄。一旦国家存在,公正、尊严、幸福、人道以及一切美善都将在其中显现;无论远近,无论穆斯林还是异教徒,都会察觉到这一点。它的存在将取代数以百万计的书籍和接触,以及成千上万种媒体。若在此之上再加上前述这些,你将会看到人们成群结队地进入安拉的宗教。
The existence of the rightly guided Khilafah upon the way of Prophethood is the fundamental cornerstone in the clash between Islam and kufr. It is naivety and poor understanding to confine the struggle with its various forms to mere da'wah in the various types of media, writing books and individual contacts, at the time wherein Islam is not implemented and the situation of Muslims is deplorable in weakness, disgrace, backwardness and division. Once the State existed, then justice, dignity, happiness, humanity and every type of goodness will be manifested in it; and the near and distant, Muslim and kafir will notice that. Its existence will replace the millions of books and contacts, and thousands of types of media. If what was mentioned before is added to its existence, you will see people entering the deen of Allah in crowds.