牧师Fender提出了一些问题,他认为这些问题可以驳倒穆斯林关于Parakletos(保惠师)即先知穆罕默德ﷺ的说法。

Priest Fender raised some issues, which he thinks they could refute the Muslims’ saying that the Parakletos is prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

首先：文中三次提到帕拉克勒托斯是“真理之灵”，第四次提到他是“圣灵”1，正如神父芬德所说，这些词语是相似的，都指向圣灵。

First: It was mentioned three times that the Parakletos is “the spirit of the truth”, and in a fourth time that he is “the Holy Spirit” 1 and, as the priest Fender said, these words are a like and indicate the Holy Spirit.

在他的伟大著作《真理的揭示》中，著名的穆斯林学者Rahmatu Allah Al Hindi赞同这些话的含义。他确认，"神的灵"这一说法也指向众先知，正如约翰一书中所说："亲爱的，你们不要信一切的灵，总要试验那些灵是否出于神，因为有许多假先知已经出到世上去了。你们由此可以认出神的灵来：凡认耶稣基督是成了肉身来的，就是出于神的；凡不认耶稣的，就不是出于神的。"（约翰一书 4:1-2），真实诚实的先知是神的灵，而假先知则是魔鬼的灵。

In his great book “the Truth Revealed”, the learned Muslim scholar Rahmatu Allah Al Hindi agrees with the likeness of these words. He confirms that, the phrase (the spirit of God) is an indication to the prophets too, as in what came in John's first epistle: "Beloved, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits to see whether they are from God: for many false prophets have gone out into the world. But this you know the Spirit of God: Every spirit that confesses that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God." (John 1: 4/1-2), the true honest prophets are the spirit of God, while the false prophets are the spirit of devil.

约翰解释了如何分辨真理之灵与迷惑之灵，换言之，就是认识真正诚实的先知，并将他们与假先知区分开来。他说：“凡认耶稣基督是成了肉身来的，这人是从神生的，你们由此可以认出神的灵来。凡不认耶稣的灵，都不是从神来的，这就是敌基督的灵。你们曾听见他要来，现今已经在世上了。小子们，你们是属神的，并且已经胜过他们，因为在你们里头的，比在世界上的更大。他们是属世界的，所以他们说话也是出于世界，世人也听他们。我们是属神的，認识神的人听我们，不認识神的人不听我们。由此我们可以認出真理的灵和谬误的灵。”（约翰一书4:2-6）

John explained how to differentiate the spirit of truth from the spirit of misguidance. in other words, to know the true honest prophets and differentiate them from the false prophets. He said, " But this you know the Spirit of God: Every spirit that confesses that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God .And every spirit that does not confess Jesus is not from God. This is the spirit of the antichrist, which you heard was coming; and now is in the world already. Little children, you are from God and have overcome them: for he who is in you is greater than he who is in the world. They are from the world, therefore they speak from the world, and the world listens to them. We are from God: whoever knows God listens to us; by this we know the spirit of truth, and the spirit of error." (John1: 4/2-6).

我们的先知穆罕默德ﷺ是真理之灵,正如约翰所说。

Our prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is the spirit of truth as John said.

他承认耶稣（愿主赐他平安）是人，是神的使者，是血肉之躯，他与人类其他人一样出自神，也就是说，是神创造了他们。保罗则是迷误之灵，他认为耶稣是神，他是当时在世的人。

He recognizes Jesus (PBUH) as a human and a messenger from God, that he is flesh and blood, and that he is from God just as the rest of humanity is from God, meaning that God created them. Paul was the spirit of misguidance, who considered Jesus God, and he who was in the world at that time.

第二：在约翰福音书中，所说的话是对使徒们讲的，例如他说“要教导你们”和“我要差他到你们那里去”，因此帕拉克勒托斯必定是在他们的时代出现的。

Second: In the Book of John the addressing was towards the apostles as in his saying "to teach you" and "I will send him to you", so the Parakletos must have been in their time.

Rahmatu Allah Al Hindi 不同意这种理解，他认为耶稣所指的是一般意义上的基督徒。这种表达方式在《新约》中很常见，例如《马太福音》中记载耶稣对大祭司、长老和公会所说的话："耶稣对他说：你说的是。但我告诉你们，从今以后，你们要看见人子坐在全能者的右边，驾着天上的云来。"（马太福音 26:64）而那些听者早已死去、消亡，他们并没有看见他驾着天上的云降临。

Rahmatu Allah Al Hindi did not agree with this understanding, He said that Jesus meant Christians in general. This way of expression is common in the New Testament, as what came in Matthew regarding the Jesus’ speech to the high persists, the elders and the council. "Jesus said to him, you have said so. But I tell you, from now on you will see the Son of man seated at the right hand of power, and coming on the clouds of heaven." (Matthew: 26/64), and the addressees have died and perished, and they did not see him coming on the clouds of the heaven.

同样,耶稣(愿主福安之)所说的也是如此:"耶稣对他说:我实实在在地告诉你们,你们将看见天开了,神的使者在人子身上上去下来。"(约翰福音 1:51)

Similarly, is what Jesus (PBUH) said: "And he said to him, truly, truly, I say to you, you will see heaven opened, and the angels of God ascending and descending on the Son of man." (John: 1/51)

第三点：世人不会看见或认识“Parakletos”（保惠师），正如经文所说：“世人不能接受他，因为他们既不看见他，也不认识他；你们却认识他，因为他与你们同住，并要在你们里面。”而穆罕默德ﷺ是为人所知、为人所见的。

Third: That people will not see or know the Parakletos, as in the verse, "the world cannot accept him, because they cannot see him or know him, but you will know him because he is staying with you, and he will be among you" while Muhammad (PBUH) was known and seen by people.

拉赫马图拉·希迪（Rahmatu Allah Al Hindi）对此的回应是：这算不了什么，因为按照他们的说法，圣灵就是神，或者说是神的灵，而世界对他们的神的了解，比对穆罕默德ﷺ的了解还要多，所以这在任何方面都不适用于他们的解释。

Rahmatu Allah Al Hindi’s response to this, that this is nothing, because according to them the Holy Spirit is God or the spirit of God, and the world knows their God more than they know Muhammad (PBUH), so it is not applicable to their interpretation in anyway.

此外,阿尔-辛迪认为,这节经文的意思是:世人并不真正认识这位先知(即他的使命),但基督徒和犹太人却认识他,因为耶稣和众先知都向你们提及过他。

In addition, Al Hindi sees that what was meant with the verse is that, the world does not know this prophet the true knowledge (meaning his prophecy), but the Christians and the Jews knew him, because Jesus (PBUH) and the prophets informed you about him.

其余的人,正如耶稣所说:“所以我用比喻对他们讲话,因为他们看是看见了,却不明白;听是听见了,却不领悟。”(马太福音 13:13)1

The rest of the people, they are as Jesus said: "This is why I speak to them in parables, because seeing they do not see, and hearing they do not hear, nor do they understand." (Matthew: 13/13). 1

当耶稣说:"世人不能接受他,因为他们既看不见他,也不认识他;但你们认识他,因为他与你们同住,并且要在你们里面。"他所说的并不是肉眼的看见或实际的认识,而是心灵的认识。他在谈到自己时也提到了同样的意思,他说:"他们就问他说:你的父在哪里呢?耶稣说:你们不认识我,也不认识我的父;若认识我,也就认识我的父了。"(约翰福音 8:19)福音书中还有许多类似的经文。亨利(Mathew Henry)在对约翰福音的注释中说:"希腊原文中的'看见'一词不是指肉眼的视力,而是指洞察力。"此外,他们或许不认识那位被期待降临的先知,是因为他是外乡人,而不是犹太人,"但我们知道这人从哪里来;基督来的时候,没有人知道他从哪里来。"(约翰福音 7:27)

When Jesus said, "the world cannot accept him, because they cannot see him or know him, but you will know him because he is staying with you, and he will be among you". He did not mean the sight seeing or the actual knowledge, but the heart knowledge. He mentioned the same about himself when he said, "They said to him therefore, where is your Father? Jesus answered, you know neither me, nor my Father: if you know me, you would know my Father also." (John: 8/19). There are many of similar verses in the Gospels. In his interpretation to the Book of John, Mathew Henry said, that “the word (to see) in the Greek text does not mean the eye sight, but the insight.” Moreover, perhaps they do not know the expected coming prophet because he was a stranger and not Jewish "but we know where this man comes from: and when the Christ appears, no one will know whence he comes from." (John: 7/27).

第四：有人提到，“保惠师与你们同在，并且在你们里面”，据牧师芬德的看法，这表明他是与使徒们在一起的，而这并不适用于穆罕默德ﷺ。

Fourth: It was mentioned that the Parakletos "resides by you and that he is among you", that indicated (according to priest Fender's opinion) that he was with the apostles, and that does not apply to Muhammad (PBUH).

Rahmatu Allah Al Hindi（愿安拉慈悯他）看到，在其他译本和版本中，这段文字被译为"与你们同住，他将与你们同在"，也有的译为"留在你们身边，他与你们同在"。无论如何，这都指向将来，而不是指当时；换言之，他将与你们同住，或留在你们身边。

Rahmatu Allah Al Hindi sees that the text in other translations and editions stated as, "stable with you and he will be among you", and in others, "staying with you and he is with you". That in any case means the future and not that time; in other words, he will reside by you or stay with you.

因为经文表明了这一点。它说明帕拉克勒托斯在当时并不在他们之中。"我现在把这事告诉你们,在事情发生之前,我已经告诉你们了,使你们到那时会信",以及"我若不去,保惠师就不到你们这里来",基督徒也是这样说的,他们认为他的降临和到来是在第五十天。

That is because the text indicated that. It tells that the Parakletos was not among them at that time. "I said to you before he will be, so when he comes you will believe", and "if I do not go the Parakletos will not come to you", and that is what the Christians say, as they believe that his coming and his arrival was in the fiftieth day.

同样地,以西结以现在时描述了歌革和玛各民的出现,而他们当时尚未出现。他说:"看哪,它必来到,并必成就,这是主耶和华说的;这就是我所说的那日。"(以西结书 39:8),约翰福音 5:25 也有同样的情形。 第五:在使徒行传中:"耶稣与门徒同席的时候,吩咐他们不可离开耶路撒冷,要等候父所应许的,就是你们从我口中所听见的。约翰是用水施洗,你们不多几日,必受圣灵的洗。"(使徒行传 1:4-5)芬德尔认为,这"表明保惠师就是在第五十天降下的圣灵,因为保惠师正是父所应许之事的所指"。

Similarly, Ezekiel told about the appearance of the Gog and the Magog people in the present tense, while they did not appear yet. He said, "Behold, it is coming, and it will be brought about, declares the Lord GOD; this is the day of which I have spoken." (Ezekiel: 39/8), and the same in (John: 5/25). Fifth: In Acts: "And while staying with them he ordered them not to depart from Jerusalem, but to wait for the promise of the Father, which, he said, you heard from me. For John baptized with water; but you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit not many days from now." (Acts: 1/4-5) Fender sees that this "indicates that the Parakletos is the spirit that came down on the fiftieth day, because the Parakletos is what was meant by the father's promise".

根据这一点,Rahamtu Allah Al Hindi解释说,《使徒行传》中所提到的是另一项应许,与约翰所提到的Parakletos无关。门徒们是在另一场合被应许将要降下圣灵,而这一应许已经通过路加在《使徒行传》中所记载的事情得到应验。约翰所说的关于Parakletos降临的事,与此问题毫无关系。

Responding to this, Rahamtu Allah Al Hindi explains that what came in the Book of Acts is a different promise that is not related to the Parakletos that John mentioned, as they were promised with the coming of the Holy Spirit in another occasion, and the promise was fulfilled with what Luke mentioned in the Book of Acts. What John mentioned about the coming of the Parakletos has nothing to do with this issue.

一些其他基督徒反对这样的看法:他们认为这预言可以应用在先知穆罕默德身上,因为耶稣是派遣帕拉克勒托(Parakletos)的那一位。"但我若不去,就不能差保惠师来,我若去了,就差他来。" 同样,当他说"我从父那里要差来的保惠师"时,穆罕默德是真主的使者,而不是耶稣。

Some other Christians object that this prophecy is applicable to prophet Muhammad (PBUH), because Jesus (PBUH) is the one who will send the Parakletos. "But if I left I will send him to you", similarly, when he said, "The comforter that I will send to you from the father", while Muhammad is the messenger of God and not Jesus.

基督徒忘记了上帝的话语："那保惠师，就是父因我的名所要差来的圣灵"，所以他是父所差来的使者，而说耶稣将差他来，只是比喻，并非实指。

Christians forgot the words of God, "The comforter, the Holy Spirit, who will be sent by the father", so he is a messenger of the father, and saying that Jesus will send him is metaphoric and not real.

同样，《创世记》中记载："耶和华的使者又对她说：我必大大增加你的后裔，甚至多得不可胜数。"（创世记 16:10）然而，使夏甲的后裔增多并赐福给她们及其他人的，是真主，而不是他的使者。不过，由于使者是传达消息者，所以这一行为便被归于他。

Similarly, what came in Genesis, "The angel of the LORD also said to her, I will surely multiply your offspring so that they cannot be numbered for multitude." (Genesis: 16/10) even though, the multiplier and the one who blesses the offspring of Hagar and others God is and not his angel. However, since the angel was the informer, then the act attributed to him.

此外,列王记中记载,先知以利亚将神对亚哈王的惩罚归于自己。"亚哈对以利亚说:'我的仇敌啊,你找到我了吗?'他回答:'我找到你了,因为你在耶和华眼中行恶,卖身做了恶事。看哪,我必使灾祸临到你身上,我必将你的后裔除尽,无论是亚哈家中的男丁,无论是被拘的还是自由的,在以色列中都要剪除。'"(列王纪上 21:20-21)先知以利亚把实际上是神的作为归于自己,所以这种归属并非真实,但他因作为神向他传达此惩罚的使者而当得此归属。同样的情形也出现在耶稣(愿主福安之)关于保惠师的预言中。

In addition, what came in the Book of Kings, when Prophet Elijah attributed the divine punishment to himself, the punishment that God meant for the king Ahab. "Ahab said to Elijah, Have you found me, O my enemy? He answered; I have found you, because you have sold yourself to do what is evil in the sight of the LORD. Behold, I will bring disaster upon you, I will utterly burn you up, and will cut off from Ahab every male, bond or free, in Israel," (Kings 1: 21/20-21) Prophet Elijah attributed to himself what is in reality the act of God, so this attribution was not real, but he deserved it by being God's informer of this punishment. Similarly is what Jesus (PBUH) said in his prophecy about the Parakletos.

因此,我们在Parakletos(帕拉克勒托斯)的预言中发现了《古兰经》所提到的那段经文:{当时,尔撒(耶稣)——麦尔雅姆之子——说:"以色列的后裔啊!我确是安拉派来你们的使者,来印证我以前的《讨拉特》,并预报一位在我之后来临的使者,他的名字叫艾哈迈德。"但当他(艾哈迈德,即穆罕默德)带着明证来到他们中间时,他们说:"这明明是魔术。"}(户斯法章:6)。

Consequently, we find in the Parakletos the prophecy that is mentioned in the Holy Quran {And (remember) when 'Iesa (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary), said: "O Children of Israel! I am the Messenger of Allâh unto you confirming the Taurât [(Torah) which came] before me, and giving glad tidings of a Messenger to come after me, whose name shall be Ahmed . But when he (Ahmed i.e. Muhammad) came to them with clear proofs, they said: "This is plain magic."} (Al-Saf: 6).