Referenzen
References
1 Ich bin Scheich Yasir Al-Hanifi, Scheich Mohammad Idrissi, Salih Hamid Fatih, Mohammed Hijab und Dr. Safaruk Chowdhury dankbar, dass sie den Inhalt dieses Aufsatzes in verschiedenen Phasen geprüft und unschätzbar wertvolles Feedback gegeben haben.
1 I am grateful to Shaykh Yasir Al-Hanifi, Shaykh Mohammad Idrissi, Salih Hamid Fatih, Mohammed Hijab and Dr. Safaruk Chowdhury for reviewing the content at various stages of this essay and providing invaluable feedback.
Ich bin Shaykh Fahad Tasleem dankbar, der den Inhalt für diesen Abschnitt des Aufsatzes beigetragen hat.
2 I am grateful to Shaykh Fahad Tasleem who provided the content for this section of the essay.
3 Mark Forsyth ist in seinem Buch The Elements of Eloquence eine gute Einführung in das Verständnis der Eloquenz in der englischen Sprache.
3 Mark Forsyth in his book The Elements of Eloquence is a good introduction to understanding eloquence in the English language.
4 Forsyth, Mark. (2013) The Elements of Eloquence: How to Turn the Perfect English Phrase. London:
4 Forsyth, Mark. (2013) The Elements of Eloquence: How to Turn the Perfect English Phrase. London:
Icon Books. Kindle-Ausgabe.
Icon Books. Kindle Edition.
5 „Hope Is the Thing with Feathers“ (254): – Poets.org. Academy of American Poets, 1997.
5 “Hope Is the Thing with Feathers” (254): – Poets.org. Academy of American Poets, 1997.
Verfügbar unter: http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/19729.
Available at: http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/19729.
6 Der Qur’ān, Kapitel 2, Vers 23.
6 The Qur’ān, Chapter 2, Verse 23.
7 Der Qur'an, Sure 52, Verse 33 bis 34.
7 The Qur’ān, Chapter 52, Verses 33 to 34.
8 Badawi, Esaid M., und Abdel Haleem, Muhammad. (2008) Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur'anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, S. 600.
8 Badawi, Esaid M., and Abdel Haleem, Muhammad. (2008) Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 600.
9 Shafi, M. (2005). Ma’riful Qur’an. 2. Auflage. Übersetzt von Muhammad Jasan Askari und Muhamad Shamim. Karachi: Maktaba-e-Darul-Uloom. Band 1, S. 139-149.
9 Shafi, M. (2005). Ma’riful Qur’an. 2nd Edition. Translated by Muhammad Jasan Askari and Muhamad Shamim. Karachi: Maktaba-e-Darul-Uloom. Vol 1, pp. 139-149.
10 Al-Suyūṭī. J. (2005). Al-Itqan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an. Madina: Mujamma Malik Fahad, S. 1875.
10 Al-Suyūṭī. J. (2005). Al-Itqan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an. Madina: Mujamma Malik Fahad, p. 1875.
11 Zitiert in Irwin, R. (1999). The Penguin Anthology of Classical Arabic Literature. London: Penguin Books, S. 2.
11 Cited in Irwin, R. (1999). The Penguin Anthology of Classical Arabic Literature. London: Penguin Books, p. 2.
12 Ibn Khaldun, A. The Muqaddimah. Übersetzt von Franz Rosenthal. Kapitel 6, Abschnitt 58.
12 Ibn Khaldun, A. The Muqaddimah. Translated by Franz Rosenthal. Chapter 6, Section 58.
Verfügbar unter: http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ik/Muqaddimah/Chapter6/Ch_6_58.htm 13 Ibn Rasheeq, A. H. (2000). Al-‘Umda fī Sinā’atu al-Shi’ar wa Naqdihi. Herausgegeben von Dr. Al-Nabwi Sha’lan. Kairo: Maktabu al-Khaniji, S. 89.
Available at: http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ik/Muqaddimah/Chapter6/Ch_6_58.htm 13 Ibn Rasheeq, A. H. (2000). Al-‘Umda fī Sinā’atu al-Shi’ar wa Naqdihi. Edited by Dr. Al-Nabwi Sha’lan. Cairo: Maktabu al-Khaniji, p. 89.
14 Al-Qutaybah, A. (1925) ‘Uyūn al-Akhbār. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Arabi. Bd. 2, S. 185.
14 Al-Qutaybah, A. (1925) ‘Uyūn al-Akhbār. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Arabi. Vol 2, p. 185.
15 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language. In: Rippin, A. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to the Qur’an. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, S. 108.
15 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language. In: Rippin, A. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to the Qur’an. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, p. 108.
16 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Makhtoum Institute Academic Press, S. 64.
16 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Makhtoum Institute Academic Press, p.64.
17 Ein Interview mit Professorin Angelika Neuwirth, die Professorin für Koranwissenschaften ist, vertrat die Auffassung, dass der Koran von niemandem, weder in der Vergangenheit noch in der Gegenwart, erfolgreich herausgefordert wurde: „…niemand ist es gelungen, das ist richtig… Ich denke wirklich, dass der Koran westliche Forscher sogar in Verlegenheit gebracht hat, die nicht erklären konnten, wie plötzlich in einem Umfeld, in dem es keine nennenswerten schriftlichen Texte gab, der Koran mit seinem Reichtum an Ideen und seinen großartigen Formulierungen erschien.“ Eine Kopie der Aufnahme ist auf Anfrage erhältlich.
17 An interview with Professor Angelika Neuwirth, who is a professor of Qur’anic Studies, argued that the Qur’ān has never been successfully challenged by anyone, past or present: “…no one has succeeded, this is right… I really think that the Qur’an has even brought Western researchers embarrassment, who weren’t able to clarify how suddenly in an environment where there were not any appreciable written text, appeared the Qur’an with its richness of ideas and its magnificent wordings.” A copy of the recording is available on request.
18 Palmer, E. H. (tr.). (1900). The Qur'an. Part I. Oxford: Clarendon Press, S. lv.
18 Palmer, E. H. (tr.). (1900). The Qur’an. Part I. Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. lv.
19 Wadad Kadi und Mustansir Mir, Literature and the Qur’an (Literatur und der Koran), Encyclopedia of the Qur’an (Enzyklopädie des Korans), Bd.
19 Wadad Kadi and Mustansir Mir, Literature and the Qur’an, Encyclopedia of the Qur’an, vol.
3, S. 213, 216.
3, pp. 213, 216.
20 G. Margoliouth. 1977. Introduction to J.M. Rodwell’s, The Koran. Everyman’s Library, p. vii.
20 G. Margoliouth. 1977. Introduction to J.M. Rodwell’s, The Koran. Everyman’s Library, p. vii.
21 K. Armstrong. 1993. A History of God: the 4,000 Year Quest of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Vintage, S. 171.
21 K. Armstrong. 1993. A History of God: the 4,000 Year Quest of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Vintage, p. 171.
22 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, S. 239.
22 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 239.
23 Al-Mahalli, Jalalu’d-din und As-Suyuti, Jalalu’ud-din. (2007) Tafsir Al-Jalalayn. Dar Al Taqwa Ltd.: Norwich, S. 1357.
23 Al-Mahalli, Jalalu’d-din and As-Suyuti, Jalalu’ud-din. (2007) Tafsir Al-Jalalayn. Dar Al Taqwa Ltd.: Norwich, p. 1357.
Sunan An-Nasa’i; sahih (authentische Überlieferung).
24 Sunan An-Nasa’i; sahih (authentic narration).
25 Siehe Al-Baqillani, Abi Bakr Muhammad. (1994) I’jāz al-Qur’ān. Beirut: Dar Ihya al-’Ulūm; Al-Rafi’i, Fakhr al-Dīn. (1990) I’jāz al-Qur’ān wa al-Balāgha al-Nabawiyyah. Beirut: Dar al-Kitāb al-Arabi.
25 See Al-Baqillani, Abi Bakr Muhammad. (1994) I’jāz al-Qur’ān. Beirut: Dar Ihya al-’Ulūm; Al-Rafi’i, Fakhr al-Dīn. (1990) I’jāz al-Qur’ān wa al-Balāgha al-Nabawiyyah. Beirut: Dar al-Kitāb al-Arabi.
26 Badawi, Esaid M., und Abdel Haleem, Muhammad. (2008) Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, S. 59.
26 Badawi, Esaid M., and Abdel Haleem, Muhammad. (2008) Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 59.
27 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, S. 238.
27 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 238.
28 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, S. 2084-2085. Siehe http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_2084.pdf und http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_2085.pdf.
28 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, pp. 2084-2085. See http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_2084.pdf and http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_2085.pdf.
29 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I'jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I'jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, S. 238.
29 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 238.
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim
30 Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim.
31 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, S. 236 – 237.
31 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 236 – 237.
32 Vers 6
32 Verse 6.
33 Anas ibn Malik berichtete: Der Gesandte Gottes ﷺ sagte: „Keiner von euch ist gläubig, bis ich ihm lieber bin als sein Kind, sein Vater und alle Menschen.“ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Abgerufen von:
33 Anas ibn Malik reported: The Messenger of Godصلى الله عليه وسلمsaid, “None of you have faith until I am more beloved to him than his children, his father, and all of the people.” Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Accessed from:
Ich kann keine Webseiten aufrufen, daher kann ich den Inhalt unter diesem Link nicht abrufen. Bitte kopieren Sie den englischen Text des Hadith-Artikels hier hinein, dann übersetze ich ihn ins Deutsche.
https://www.abuaminaelias.com/dailyhadithonline/2010/12/16/love-for-muhammad-faith/.
34 Arabisch-Englisches Wörterbuch des Koranischen Sprachgebrauchs. Brill: Leiden, S. 798.
34 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 798.
35 Arabisch-Englisches Wörterbuch des Koranischen Sprachgebrauchs. Brill: Leiden, S. 799.
35 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p, 799.
36 Kathīr, Ibn. (2010). Tafsir Al-Quran Al-‘Aḍīm. Riyadh: Dar Ibn Al-Jawzi, Bd. 7, S. 671.
36 Kathīr, Ibn. (2010). Tafsir Al-Quran Al-‘Aḍīm. Riyadh: Dar Ibn Al-Jawzi, vol. 7, p. 671.
Ebd.
37 Ibid.
38 Qāsimi, M. J. Al-. (1957). Maḥāsin Al-Tawīl. Kairo: ‘Īsa Bābi Al-Ḥalabi, Bd. 17, S. 6277.
38 Qāsimi, M. J. Al-. (1957). Maḥāsin Al-Tawīl. Cairo: ‘Īsa Bābi Al-Ḥalabi, vol. 17, p. 6277.
39 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, S. 238.
39 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 238.
40 Ebd.
40 Ibid.
41 Ebd.
41 Ibid.
42 Der Qur’ān, Sure 6, Verse 162 bis 163
42 The Qur’ān, Chapter 6, Verses 162 to 163
43 Der Qur'ān, Sure 6, Vers 121
43 The Qur’ān, Chapter 6, Verse 121
44 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, S. 342.
44 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 342.
45 Al-Bayḍāwi. (o. J.). Anwār Al-Tanzīl Wa Asrār Al-Tawīl (M. A. Al-Mar’ashli, Hrsg.). Beirut: Dar Al-‘Iḥyā Al-Turāth Al-‘Arabi, Bd. 1, S. 28.
45 Al-Bayḍāwi. (n.d.). Anwār Al-Tanzīl Wa Asrār Al-Tawīl (M. A. Al-Mar’ashli, Ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-‘Iḥyā Al-Turāth Al-‘Arabi, vol. 1, p. 28.
46 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Maktoum Institute Academic Press; Abdul-Raof, H. (2001). Qur’an Translation: Discourse, Texture and Exegesis. Richmond, Surrey:
46 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Maktoum Institute Academic Press; Abdul-Raof, H. (2001). Qur’an Translation: Discourse, Texture and Exegesis. Richmond, Surrey:
Curzon.
Curzon.
47 Abdel Haleem, M. (2005). Understanding the Qur’an: Themes & Styles, S. 185.
47 Abdel Haleem, M. (2005). Understanding the Qur’an: Themes & Styles, p. 185.
48 Ebd., S. 188.
48 Ibid, p. 188.
49 Chowdhury, S. Z. (2010). Introducing Arabic Rhetoric. Updated Edition. London: Ad-Duha, S.
49 Chowdhury, S. Z. (2010). Introducing Arabic Rhetoric. Updated Edition. London: Ad-Duha, p.
99.
99.
50 Ebd.
50 Ibid.
51 Robinson, N. (2003). Discovering The Qur’an: A Contemporary Approach to a Veiled Text, 2nd Edition. Washington: Georgetown University Press, S. 254.
51 Robinson, N. (2003). Discovering The Qur’an: A Contemporary Approach to a Veiled Text, 2nd Edition. Washington: Georgetown University Press, p. 254.
52 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur'anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, S. 921.
52 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 921.
53 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur'anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, S. 496.
53 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 496.
54 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, S. 1603. Siehe http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_1603.pdf.
54 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, p. 1603. See http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_1603.pdf.
55 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur'anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, S. 805.
55 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 805.
56 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Supplement to Parts VII and VIII.
56 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Supplement to Parts VII and VIII.
London: Williams & Norgate, S. 3000. Siehe http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_3000.pdf.
London: Williams & Norgate, p. 3000. See http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_3000.pdf.
57 Der Koran, Sure 49, Vers 7.
57 The Qur’ān, Chapter 49, Verse 7.
58 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, S. 149. Siehe http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_0149.pdf.
58 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, p. 149.. See http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_0149.pdf.
59 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur'anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, S. 75.
59 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 75.
60 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, S. 149.. Siehe http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_0149.pdf.
60 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, p. 149.. See http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_0149.pdf.
61 Ebd.
61 Ibid.
62 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I'jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I'jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, S. 241.
62 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 241.
63 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I'jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I'jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, S. 241.
63 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 241.
64 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Maktoum Institute Academic Press, S. 401.
64 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Maktoum Institute Academic Press, p. 401.
{Sprich: „Wenn ihr Gott liebt, dann folgt mir, so wird Gott euch lieben und euch eure Sünden vergeben; Gott ist allvergebend, barmherzig.“} Der Koran, Sure 3, Vers 31
65 “Say, ‘If you love God, follow me, and God will love you and forgive you your sins; God is most forgiving, most merciful.’” The Qur’ān, Chapter 3, Verse 31
Siehe The Quranic Arabic Corpus: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=kvr#(108:1:3).
66 See The Quranic Arabic Corpus: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=kvr#(108:1:3).
67 Siehe The Quranic Arabic Corpus: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=nHr#(108:2:3).
67 See The Quranic Arabic Corpus: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=nHr#(108:2:3).
68 Siehe The Quranic Arabic Corpus: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=$nA#(108:3:2).
68 See The Quranic Arabic Corpus: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=$nA#(108:3:2).
Siehe The Quranic Arabic Corpus: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=btr#(108:3:4).
69 See The Quranic Arabic Corpus: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=btr#(108:3:4).
70 Ibn ʿĀdil, (1998). Al-Lubāb Fi ʿUlūm Al-Kitāb. Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-ʿIlmiyya, Bd. 20, S.
70 Ibn ‘Ādil, (1998). Al-Lubāb Fi ‘Ulūm Al-Kitāb. Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmiyya, vol. 20, p.
521.
521.
71 Zitiert in Qadhi, Y. (1999). An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qur'an. Birmingham:
71 Cited in Qadhi, Y. (1999). An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qur’an. Birmingham:
Al-Hidaayah, S. 269. Die ursprüngliche Übersetzung wurde verändert; der Name Allah wurde durch Gott ersetzt.
Al-Hidaayah, p. 269. The original translation has been amended; the name Allah has been replaced with God.
72 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language. In: Rippin, A. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, S. 110.
72 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language. In: Rippin, A. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to the Qur’an. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, p. 110.
73 Islahi, A. A. (2007). Pondering Over the Qur’an: Tafsir of Surah al-Fatiha and Surah al-Baqarah. Vol 1. Übersetzt von Mohammad Saleem Kayani. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, S. 25-26.
73 Islahi, A. A. (2007). Pondering Over the Qur’an: Tafsir of Surah al-Fatiha and Surah al-Baqarah. Vol 1. Translated by Mohammad Saleem Kayani. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, pp. 25-26.
74 Zitiert in Islahi, A. A. (2007). Pondering Over the Qur’an: Tafsir of Surah al-Fatiha and Surah al-Baqarah. Bd. 1, S. 26.
74 Cited in Islahi, A. A. (2007). Pondering Over the Qur’an: Tafsir of Surah al-Fatiha and Surah al-Baqarah. Vol 1, p. 26.
75 Van Gelder, G. J. H. (2013). Classical Arabic Literature: A Library of Arabic Literature Anthology.
75 Van Gelder, G. J. H. (2013). Classical Arabic Literature: A Library of Arabic Literature Anthology.
New York: New York University Press, S. 31-33.
New York: New York University Press, pp. 31-33.
76 McAuley, D. E. (2012). Ibn `Arabi’s Mystical Poetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, S. 93.
76 McAuley, D. E. (2012). Ibn `Arabi’s Mystical Poetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.93.
77 Ebd., S. 94.
77 Ibid, p. 94.
Zitiert in D. E. (2012). Ibn `Arabi’s Mystical Poetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, S. 94.
78 Cited in D. E. (2012). Ibn `Arabi’s Mystical Poetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.94.
Bonebakker, S. A. (1984). Hatimi and his Encounter with Mutanabbi: A Biographical Sketch.
79 Bonebakker, S. A. (1984). Hatimi and his Encounter with Mutanabbi: A Biographical Sketch.
Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, S. 47.
Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, p.47.
80 Ebd., S. 15; und siehe Ouyang, W. (1997). Literary Criticism in Medieval Arabic Islamic Culture: The Making of a Tradition. Edinburgh University Press.
80 Ibid, p.15; and see Ouyang, W. (1997). Literary Criticism in Medieval Arabic Islamic Culture: The Making of a Tradition.Edinburgh University Press.
81 Ebd., S. 44.
81 Ibid, p. 44.
82 Forsyth, Mark. (2013) The Elements of Eloquence: How to Turn the Perfect English Phrase.
82 Forsyth, Mark. (2013) The Elements of Eloquence: How to Turn the Perfect English Phrase.
London: Icon Books. Kindle-Ausgabe.
London: Icon Books. Kindle Edition.
Ebd.
83 Ibid.
84 Mabillard, A. (1999). Shakespearean sonnet basics: Iambic pentameter and the English sonnet style.
84 Mabillard, A. (1999). Shakespearean sonnet basics: Iambic pentameter and the English sonnet style.
Verfügbar unter: http://www.shakespeare-online.com/sonnets/sonnetstyle.html.
Available at: http://www.shakespeare-online.com/sonnets/sonnetstyle.html.
85 Holland, P. (2013). Shakespeare, William (1564–1616). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
85 Holland, P. (2013). Shakespeare, William (1564–1616). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Oxford University Press. Verfügbar unter: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/25200.
Oxford University Press. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/25200.
86 Der Qur’ān, Kapitel 10, Vers 37.
86 The Qur’ān, Chapter 10, Verse 37.
„Ich habe die Dschinn und die Menschen nur erschaffen, damit sie Mich anbeten.“ Der Koran, Sure 51, Vers 56.
87 “I did not create the Jinn [spirit world], nor mankind, except to worship Me.” The Qur’an, Chapter 51, Verse 56.
88 Tzortzis, Hamza. The Divine Reality: God, Islam & The Mirage of Atheism. Newly Revised Edition. Chapter 15. Sapience Institute. Available at:
88 Tzortzis, Hamza. The Divine Reality: God, Islam & The Mirage of Atheism. Newly Revised Edition. Chapter 15. Sapience Institute. Available at:
www.sapienceinstitute.org/the-divine-reality.
www.sapienceinstitute.org/the-divine-reality.