Références
References
1 Je suis reconnaissant envers Shaykh Yasir Al-Hanifi, Shaykh Mohammad Idrissi, Salih Hamid Fatih, Mohammed Hijab et Dr. Safaruk Chowdhury pour avoir relu le contenu à différentes étapes de cet essai et pour avoir fourni des commentaires inestimables.
1 I am grateful to Shaykh Yasir Al-Hanifi, Shaykh Mohammad Idrissi, Salih Hamid Fatih, Mohammed Hijab and Dr. Safaruk Chowdhury for reviewing the content at various stages of this essay and providing invaluable feedback.
2 Je suis reconnaissant envers Shaykh Fahad Tasleem qui a fourni le contenu de cette section de l'essai.
2 I am grateful to Shaykh Fahad Tasleem who provided the content for this section of the essay.
3 Mark Forsyth, dans son livre The Elements of Eloquence, offre une bonne introduction pour comprendre l'éloquence dans la langue anglaise.
3 Mark Forsyth in his book The Elements of Eloquence is a good introduction to understanding eloquence in the English language.
4 Forsyth, Mark. (2013) The Elements of Eloquence: How to Turn the Perfect English Phrase. London:
4 Forsyth, Mark. (2013) The Elements of Eloquence: How to Turn the Perfect English Phrase. London:
Icon Books. Édition Kindle.
Icon Books. Kindle Edition.
5 « Hope Is the Thing with Feathers » (254) : – Poets.org. Academy of American Poets, 1997.
5 “Hope Is the Thing with Feathers” (254): – Poets.org. Academy of American Poets, 1997.
Disponible sur : http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/19729.
Available at: http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/19729.
6 Le Qur’ān, Chapitre 2, Verset 23.
6 The Qur’ān, Chapter 2, Verse 23.
7 Le Qur’ān, Chapitre 52, Versets 33 à 34.
7 The Qur’ān, Chapter 52, Verses 33 to 34.
8 Badawi, Esaid M., et Abdel Haleem, Muhammad. (2008) Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 600.
8 Badawi, Esaid M., and Abdel Haleem, Muhammad. (2008) Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 600.
9 Shafi, M. (2005). Ma’riful Qur’an. 2ème édition. Traduit par Muhammad Jasan Askari et Muhamad Shamim. Karachi : Maktaba-e-Darul-Uloom. Vol 1, pp. 139-149.
9 Shafi, M. (2005). Ma’riful Qur’an. 2nd Edition. Translated by Muhammad Jasan Askari and Muhamad Shamim. Karachi: Maktaba-e-Darul-Uloom. Vol 1, pp. 139-149.
10 Al-Suyūṭī. J. (2005). Al-Itqan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an. Madina: Mujamma Malik Fahad, p. 1875.
10 Al-Suyūṭī. J. (2005). Al-Itqan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an. Madina: Mujamma Malik Fahad, p. 1875.
11 Cité dans Irwin, R. (1999). The Penguin Anthology of Classical Arabic Literature. London: Penguin Books, p. 2.
11 Cited in Irwin, R. (1999). The Penguin Anthology of Classical Arabic Literature. London: Penguin Books, p. 2.
12 Ibn Khaldun, A. The Muqaddimah. Traduit par Franz Rosenthal. Chapitre 6, Section 58.
12 Ibn Khaldun, A. The Muqaddimah. Translated by Franz Rosenthal. Chapter 6, Section 58.
Disponible sur : http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ik/Muqaddimah/Chapter6/Ch_6_58.htm 13 Ibn Rasheeq, A. H. (2000). Al-‘Umda fī Sinā’atu al-Shi’ar wa Naqdihi. Édité par Dr. Al-Nabwi Sha’lan. Le Caire : Maktabu al-Khaniji, p. 89.
Available at: http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ik/Muqaddimah/Chapter6/Ch_6_58.htm 13 Ibn Rasheeq, A. H. (2000). Al-‘Umda fī Sinā’atu al-Shi’ar wa Naqdihi. Edited by Dr. Al-Nabwi Sha’lan. Cairo: Maktabu al-Khaniji, p. 89.
14 Al-Qutaybah, A. (1925) ‘Uyūn al-Akhbār. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Arabi. Vol 2, p. 185.
14 Al-Qutaybah, A. (1925) ‘Uyūn al-Akhbār. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Arabi. Vol 2, p. 185.
15 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language. In: Rippin, A. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to the Qur’an. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, p. 108.
15 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language. In: Rippin, A. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to the Qur’an. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, p. 108.
16 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Makhtoum Institute Academic Press, p.64.
16 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Makhtoum Institute Academic Press, p.64.
17 Un entretien avec la professeure Angelika Neuwirth, professeure d'études coraniques, a soutenu que le Coran n'a jamais été contesté avec succès par qui que ce soit, passé ou présent : « ...personne n'a réussi, c'est exact... Je pense vraiment que le Coran a même embarrassé les chercheurs occidentaux, qui n'ont pas été capables d'expliquer comment, soudainement, dans un environnement où il n'y avait aucun texte écrit notable, est apparu le Coran avec sa richesse d'idées et ses formulations magnifiques. » Une copie de l'enregistrement est disponible sur demande.
17 An interview with Professor Angelika Neuwirth, who is a professor of Qur’anic Studies, argued that the Qur’ān has never been successfully challenged by anyone, past or present: “…no one has succeeded, this is right… I really think that the Qur’an has even brought Western researchers embarrassment, who weren’t able to clarify how suddenly in an environment where there were not any appreciable written text, appeared the Qur’an with its richness of ideas and its magnificent wordings.” A copy of the recording is available on request.
18 Palmer, E. H. (tr.). (1900). The Qur’an. Partie I. Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. lv.
18 Palmer, E. H. (tr.). (1900). The Qur’an. Part I. Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. lv.
19 Wadad Kadi et Mustansir Mir, Literature and the Qur’an, Encyclopedia of the Qur’an, vol.
19 Wadad Kadi and Mustansir Mir, Literature and the Qur’an, Encyclopedia of the Qur’an, vol.
3, pp. 213, 216.
3, pp. 213, 216.
20 G. Margoliouth. 1977. Introduction à l'ouvrage de J.M. Rodwell, The Koran. Everyman’s Library, p. vii.
20 G. Margoliouth. 1977. Introduction to J.M. Rodwell’s, The Koran. Everyman’s Library, p. vii.
21 K. Armstrong. 1993. A History of God: the 4,000 Year Quest of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Vintage, p. 171.
21 K. Armstrong. 1993. A History of God: the 4,000 Year Quest of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Vintage, p. 171.
22 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 239.
22 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 239.
23 Al-Mahalli, Jalalu’d-din et As-Suyuti, Jalalu’ud-din. (2007) Tafsir Al-Jalalayn. Dar Al Taqwa Ltd. : Norwich, p. 1357.
23 Al-Mahalli, Jalalu’d-din and As-Suyuti, Jalalu’ud-din. (2007) Tafsir Al-Jalalayn. Dar Al Taqwa Ltd.: Norwich, p. 1357.
24 Sunan An-Nasa’i ; sahih (narration authentique).
24 Sunan An-Nasa’i; sahih (authentic narration).
25 Voir Al-Baqillani, Abi Bakr Muhammad. (1994) I’jāz al-Qur’ān. Beirut: Dar Ihya al-’Ulūm; Al-Rafi’i, Fakhr al-Dīn. (1990) I’jāz al-Qur’ān wa al-Balāgha al-Nabawiyyah. Beirut: Dar al-Kitāb al-Arabi.
25 See Al-Baqillani, Abi Bakr Muhammad. (1994) I’jāz al-Qur’ān. Beirut: Dar Ihya al-’Ulūm; Al-Rafi’i, Fakhr al-Dīn. (1990) I’jāz al-Qur’ān wa al-Balāgha al-Nabawiyyah. Beirut: Dar al-Kitāb al-Arabi.
26 Badawi, Esaid M., et Abdel Haleem, Muhammad. (2008) Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 59.
26 Badawi, Esaid M., and Abdel Haleem, Muhammad. (2008) Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 59.
27 Al-Rāzī, F. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 238.
27 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 238.
28 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, pp. 2084-2085. Voir http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_2084.pdf et http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_2085.pdf.
28 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, pp. 2084-2085. See http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_2084.pdf and http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_2085.pdf.
29 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 238.
29 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 238.
30 Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim.
30 Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim.
31 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 236 – 237.
31 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 236 – 237.
32 Verset 6.
32 Verse 6.
33 Anas ibn Malik a rapporté : Le Messager d'Allah ﷺ a dit : « Aucun d'entre vous n'est véritablement croyant tant que je ne lui suis pas plus cher que ses enfants, son père et tous les hommes. » Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Consulté sur :
33 Anas ibn Malik reported: The Messenger of Godصلى الله عليه وسلمsaid, “None of you have faith until I am more beloved to him than his children, his father, and all of the people.” Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Accessed from:
https://www.abuaminaelias.com/dailyhadithonline/2010/12/16/love-for-muhammad-faith/.
https://www.abuaminaelias.com/dailyhadithonline/2010/12/16/love-for-muhammad-faith/.
34 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 798.
34 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 798.
35 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p, 799.
35 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p, 799.
36 Ibn Kathīr. (2010). Tafsir Al-Quran Al-‘Aḍīm. Riyadh : Dar Ibn Al-Jawzi, vol. 7, p. 671.
36 Kathīr, Ibn. (2010). Tafsir Al-Quran Al-‘Aḍīm. Riyadh: Dar Ibn Al-Jawzi, vol. 7, p. 671.
37 Ibid.
37 Ibid.
38 Qāsimi, M. J. Al-. (1957). Maḥāsin Al-Tawīl. Cairo: ‘Īsa Bābi Al-Ḥalabi, vol. 17, p. 6277.
38 Qāsimi, M. J. Al-. (1957). Maḥāsin Al-Tawīl. Cairo: ‘Īsa Bābi Al-Ḥalabi, vol. 17, p. 6277.
39 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 238.
39 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 238.
40 Ibid.
40 Ibid.
41 Ibid.
41 Ibid.
42 Le Qur’ān, Chapitre 6, Versets 162 à 163
42 The Qur’ān, Chapter 6, Verses 162 to 163
43 Le Qur’ān, Chapitre 6, Verset 121
43 The Qur’ān, Chapter 6, Verse 121
44 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 342.
44 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 342.
45 Al-Bayḍāwi. (s.d.). Anwār Al-Tanzīl Wa Asrār Al-Tawīl (M. A. Al-Mar’ashli, Éd.). Beirut: Dar Al-‘Iḥyā Al-Turāth Al-‘Arabi, vol. 1, p. 28.
45 Al-Bayḍāwi. (n.d.). Anwār Al-Tanzīl Wa Asrār Al-Tawīl (M. A. Al-Mar’ashli, Ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-‘Iḥyā Al-Turāth Al-‘Arabi, vol. 1, p. 28.
46 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Maktoum Institute Academic Press; Abdul-Raof, H. (2001). Qur’an Translation: Discourse, Texture and Exegesis. Richmond, Surrey:
46 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Maktoum Institute Academic Press; Abdul-Raof, H. (2001). Qur’an Translation: Discourse, Texture and Exegesis. Richmond, Surrey:
Curzon.
Curzon.
47 Abdel Haleem, M. (2005). Understanding the Qur’an: Themes & Styles, p. 185.
47 Abdel Haleem, M. (2005). Understanding the Qur’an: Themes & Styles, p. 185.
48 Ibid, p. 188.
48 Ibid, p. 188.
49 Chowdhury, S. Z. (2010). Introducing Arabic Rhetoric. Édition mise à jour. London: Ad-Duha, p.
49 Chowdhury, S. Z. (2010). Introducing Arabic Rhetoric. Updated Edition. London: Ad-Duha, p.
99.
99.
50 Ibid.
50 Ibid.
51 Robinson, N. (2003). Discovering The Qur’an: A Contemporary Approach to a Veiled Text, 2nd Edition. Washington: Georgetown University Press, p. 254.
51 Robinson, N. (2003). Discovering The Qur’an: A Contemporary Approach to a Veiled Text, 2nd Edition. Washington: Georgetown University Press, p. 254.
52 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 921.
52 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 921.
53 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 496.
53 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 496.
54 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, p. 1603. Voir http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_1603.pdf.
54 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, p. 1603. See http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_1603.pdf.
55 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 805.
55 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 805.
56 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Supplement to Parts VII and VIII.
56 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Supplement to Parts VII and VIII.
Londres : Williams & Norgate, p. 3000. Voir http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_3000.pdf.
London: Williams & Norgate, p. 3000. See http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_3000.pdf.
57 Le Qur’ān, Chapitre 49, Verset 7.
57 The Qur’ān, Chapter 49, Verse 7.
58 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, p. 149.. Voir http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_0149.pdf.
58 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, p. 149.. See http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_0149.pdf.
59 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 75.
59 Arabic-English Dictionary of Qur’anic Usage. Brill: Leiden, p. 75.
60 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, p. 149.. Voir http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_0149.pdf.
60 Lane, William Edward. (1863) An Arabic-English Lexicon, Book I. London: Williams & Norgate, p. 149.. See http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_0149.pdf.
61 Ibid.
61 Ibid.
62 Al-Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 241.
62 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 241.
63 Al-Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 241.
63 Rāzī, F. Al-. (2004). Nihāyat Al-I’jāz Fi Dirāyat Al-I’jāz. Beirut: Dar Ṣādir, pp. 241.
64 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Maktoum Institute Academic Press, p. 401.
64 Abdul-Raof, H. (2003). Exploring the Qur’an. Dundee: Al-Maktoum Institute Academic Press, p. 401.
65 « Dis : "Si vous aimez Dieu, suivez-moi, et Dieu vous aimera et vous pardonnera vos péchés ; Dieu est Pardonneur et Miséricordieux." » Le Qur’ān, Chapitre 3, Verset 31
65 “Say, ‘If you love God, follow me, and God will love you and forgive you your sins; God is most forgiving, most merciful.’” The Qur’ān, Chapter 3, Verse 31
66 Voir The Quranic Arabic Corpus : https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=kvr#(108:1:3).
66 See The Quranic Arabic Corpus: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=kvr#(108:1:3).
67 Voir The Quranic Arabic Corpus : https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=nHr#(108:2:3).
67 See The Quranic Arabic Corpus: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=nHr#(108:2:3).
68 Voir The Quranic Arabic Corpus : https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=$nA#(108:3:2).
68 See The Quranic Arabic Corpus: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=$nA#(108:3:2).
69 Voir The Quranic Arabic Corpus : https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=btr#(108:3:4).
69 See The Quranic Arabic Corpus: https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=btr#(108:3:4).
70 Ibn ‘Ādil, (1998). Al-Lubāb Fi ‘Ulūm Al-Kitāb. Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmiyya, vol. 20, p.
70 Ibn ‘Ādil, (1998). Al-Lubāb Fi ‘Ulūm Al-Kitāb. Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmiyya, vol. 20, p.
521.
521.
71 Cité dans Qadhi, Y. (1999). An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qur’an. Birmingham :
71 Cited in Qadhi, Y. (1999). An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qur’an. Birmingham:
Al-Hidaayah, p. 269. La traduction originale a été modifiée ; le nom Allah a été remplacé par Dieu.
Al-Hidaayah, p. 269. The original translation has been amended; the name Allah has been replaced with God.
72 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language. In: Rippin, A. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to the Qur’an. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, p. 110.
72 Kermani, K. (2006). Poetry and Language. In: Rippin, A. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to the Qur’an. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, p. 110.
73 Islahi, A. A. (2007). Pondering Over the Qur’an: exégèse (Tafsir) de la sourate al-Fatiha et de la sourate al-Baqarah. Vol 1. Traduit par Mohammad Saleem Kayani. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, pp. 25-26.
73 Islahi, A. A. (2007). Pondering Over the Qur’an: Tafsir of Surah al-Fatiha and Surah al-Baqarah. Vol 1. Translated by Mohammad Saleem Kayani. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, pp. 25-26.
74 Cité dans Islahi, A. A. (2007). Pondering Over the Qur’an: Tafsir of Surah al-Fatiha and Surah al-Baqarah. Vol 1, p. 26.
74 Cited in Islahi, A. A. (2007). Pondering Over the Qur’an: Tafsir of Surah al-Fatiha and Surah al-Baqarah. Vol 1, p. 26.
75 Van Gelder, G. J. H. (2013). Classical Arabic Literature: A Library of Arabic Literature Anthology.
75 Van Gelder, G. J. H. (2013). Classical Arabic Literature: A Library of Arabic Literature Anthology.
New York : New York University Press, pp. 31-33.
New York: New York University Press, pp. 31-33.
76 McAuley, D. E. (2012). Ibn `Arabi’s Mystical Poetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.93.
76 McAuley, D. E. (2012). Ibn `Arabi’s Mystical Poetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.93.
77 Ibid, p. 94.
77 Ibid, p. 94.
78 Cité dans D. E. (2012). Ibn `Arabi’s Mystical Poetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.94.
78 Cited in D. E. (2012). Ibn `Arabi’s Mystical Poetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.94.
79 Bonebakker, S. A. (1984). Hatimi and his Encounter with Mutanabbi: A Biographical Sketch.
79 Bonebakker, S. A. (1984). Hatimi and his Encounter with Mutanabbi: A Biographical Sketch.
Oxford : North-Holland Publishing Company, p.47.
Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, p.47.
80 Ibid, p.15 ; et voir Ouyang, W. (1997). Literary Criticism in Medieval Arabic Islamic Culture: The Making of a Tradition. Edinburgh University Press.
80 Ibid, p.15; and see Ouyang, W. (1997). Literary Criticism in Medieval Arabic Islamic Culture: The Making of a Tradition.Edinburgh University Press.
81 Ibid, p. 44.
81 Ibid, p. 44.
82 Forsyth, Mark. (2013) The Elements of Eloquence: How to Turn the Perfect English Phrase.
82 Forsyth, Mark. (2013) The Elements of Eloquence: How to Turn the Perfect English Phrase.
Londres : Icon Books. Édition Kindle.
London: Icon Books. Kindle Edition.
83 Ibid.
83 Ibid.
84 Mabillard, A. (1999). Shakespearean sonnet basics: Iambic pentameter and the English sonnet style.
84 Mabillard, A. (1999). Shakespearean sonnet basics: Iambic pentameter and the English sonnet style.
Disponible sur : http://www.shakespeare-online.com/sonnets/sonnetstyle.html.
Available at: http://www.shakespeare-online.com/sonnets/sonnetstyle.html.
85 Holland, P. (2013). Shakespeare, William (1564–1616). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
85 Holland, P. (2013). Shakespeare, William (1564–1616). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Oxford University Press. Disponible sur : http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/25200.
Oxford University Press. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/25200.
86 Le Qur’ān, Chapitre 10, Verset 37.
86 The Qur’ān, Chapter 10, Verse 37.
87 « Je n'ai pas créé les djinn, ni l'humanité, excepté pour qu'ils M'adorent. » Le Qur'an, Chapitre 51, Verset 56.
87 “I did not create the Jinn [spirit world], nor mankind, except to worship Me.” The Qur’an, Chapter 51, Verse 56.
88 Tzortzis, Hamza. The Divine Reality: God, Islam & The Mirage of Atheism. Nouvelle édition révisée. Chapitre 15. Sapience Institute. Disponible à :
88 Tzortzis, Hamza. The Divine Reality: God, Islam & The Mirage of Atheism. Newly Revised Edition. Chapter 15. Sapience Institute. Available at:
www.sapienceinstitute.org/the-divine-reality.
www.sapienceinstitute.org/the-divine-reality.