4. Kashi Na Huɗu: Rarraba Zakka

4. Kashi Na Huɗu: Rarraba Zakka - Fiqhul Zakah | Quran Course

Kamar salla, zakka a cikin Alkur'ani ka'ida ce ta gaba ɗaya ba tare da cikakken bayani mai yawa ba.

Like prayer, zakah in the Qur'an is an aggregate principle without much detail.

Alqur'ani ba ya ba da ƙimar zakka, nisab, nau'o'in dukiya da ake biyan zakka a kansu, ko sharuɗɗan wajabcin zakka. Sunnah, na magana da na aiki, ita ce ke bayar da cikakkun bayanan zakka. Sunnah ita ce madogara ta biyu ta Shari'a bayan Alqur'ani, saboda haka ba za a iya bayanin zakka ba tare da ita ba.

Qur'an does not give rates, nisab, kinds of wealth that are zakatable, or the conditions for zakatability. Sunnah, verbal and practical, provides the details of zakah. the second source of Shari'ah after the Qur'an, Sunnah is essential for any explanation of zakah.

Allah ya ce, "Kuma Mun saukar da Ambato zuwa gare ka domin ka bayyana wa mutane abin da aka saukar musu, kuma domin su yi tunani."1 Abu Dawud ya ruwaito cewa wani mutum ya ce wa Sahabi 'Imran bin Husain, "Ya Aba Nujaid, kai kana faɗa mana maganganu da ba mu samun su a cikin Alƙur'ani." 'Imran ya fusata, ya ce masa, "Shin ka samu 'A kan kowane dirhami arba'in, dirhami ɗaya ya wajaba', 'a kan kowace akuya ta kaza, akuya ɗaya ta wajaba', da 'a kan raƙuma kaza, adadin kaza ya wajaba' a cikin Alƙur'ani? Shin ka samu duk wannan a cikin Alƙur'ani?" Mutumin ya amsa, "A'a." Sai 'Imran ya tambaya, "To daga ina kake samun waɗannan? Ka karɓe su daga wurinmu, mu kuma mun karɓe su daga wurin Annabi ﷺ," ya kuma ambaci wasu abubuwa makamantan haka.2

God says, "And We have sent down unto thee the message that thou mayeth explain clearly to people what is sent for them, and that they may give thought."1 Abu Daud reports that a man told the Companion 'Imran bin Husain, "O Aba Nujaid, you tell us sayings that we do not find in the Qur'an" 'Imran was upset and told the man, "Dido you find 'On each forty dirhams, one dirham is obligated', 'on each so and so Goat, one Goat is obligated,"and 'on each so and so camels so much is obligated? Did you find all that in the Qur'an?" The man answered, "No." Then 'Imran asked, "Where do you get these from? You took them from us and we got them from the Prophet (p)," and he mentioned other similar matters.2

Duk da cewa ana tattaunawa a kan zakka a cikin Alƙur'ani a matsayin ra'ayi mai faɗi, wuraren da za a iya kashe ta an ambace su a sarari a cikin Alƙur'ani; ba a bar su ga sarakuna ko masu ra'ayi su yanke hukunci bisa son ransu ba. A zamanin Manzon Allah ﷺ, wasu mutane masu kwaɗayi sun yi ƙoƙarin karɓar wani ɓangare na kuɗaɗen zakka, amma sa'ad da Annabi ﷺ bai ba su kulawa ba, sai suka soki Annabi ﷺ suka zage shi sosai, har Allah ya saukar da ayoyi suna Allah-wadai da kwaɗayinsu da kuma bayyana munafuncinsu. Waɗannan ayoyi guda ɗin sun ci gaba da ambaton rukunonin da suka cancanci zakka: {Kuma daga cikinsu akwai waɗanda suke zarginka a game da rabon sadakoki. Idan aka ba su wani ɓangare daga cikinsu, sai su yi farin ciki, amma idan ba a ba su ba, sai ga shi suna fushi. Da ma sun yarda da abin da Allah da ManzonSa suka ba su, suka ce, "Allah ya isar mana, Allah da ManzonSa za su ba mu daga falalarSa, mu ga Allah muke rokon sa." Da wannan ne za ta kasance hanya mafi hikima. Sadakoki na talakawa ne da miskinai, da ma'aikatan da ke tafiyar da kuɗaɗen, da waɗanda zukatansu aka kwantar da su kwanan nan zuwa ga Gaskiya, da waɗanda ke cikin bauta da bashi, da kuma a cikin hanyar Allah, da kuma matafiyi. Haka Allah ya wajabta, kuma Allah masani ne, mai hikima.}3

Although zakah is discussed in the Qur'an as an inclusive concept, the areas where it can be spent are specifically mentioned in the Qur'an; they are not left to rulers or opinionators to decide according to their whims. At the time of the Messenger (p), some greedy individuals attempted to take some proceeds of zakah, but when the Prophet did not give them attention, they criticized and censured the Prophet so much that God sent verses deploring their greed and uncovering their hypocrisy. Those same verses go on to name the categories that deserve zakah: "And among them are men who slander thee in the matter of the distribution of sadaqat. If they are given part thereof, they are pleased, but if not, behold, they are indignant. If only they had been content with what God and His Apostle gave them, and had said, 'sufficient unto us is God, God and His Apostle will soon give us of His bounty, to God do we turn our hopes.' That would have been the wise course. The sadaqat are for the poor and the needy, and those employed to administer the funds, for those whose hearts have been recently reconciled to Truth, for those in bondage and in debt,. in the cause of God, and for the wayfarer. Thus is it ordained by God, and God is full of knowledge and wisdom."3

Abu Daud ya ruwaito daga Ziyad bin al-Harith al-Sada'i, ya ce: "Na zo wurin Manzon Allah ﷺ na yi masa mubaya'a." Ya ci gaba da ba da labari mai tsawo, sannan ya ce: "Wani mutum ya zo wurin Annabi ﷺ ya ce: 'Ka ba ni wani sashi daga kudin sadaka.' Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce: 'Allah bai bar rarraba sadaka ga wani Annabi ko wani mutum ba. Shi Kansa ne ya tsara rarraba ta zuwa kashi takwas. Idan kana cikin ɗaya daga cikin wadannan rukunai, zan ba ka abin da ya dace da kai.'"4

Abu Daud reports from Ziad bin al Harith al Sada'i, "I came to the Messenger of God (p) and gave him my pledge." The narrator recounts a long story and then continues, "A man came to the Prophet and said, 'Give me some of the proceeds of the sadaqah.' The Messenger of God (p) said, 'God does not leave the distribution of the sadaqah to a Prophet or anyone else. He Himself ordains the distribution to eight categories. If you are in any of these categories, I will give you what you deserve.'"4

4. Kashi Na Huɗu: Rarraba Zakka

PROLOGUE

Alqur'ani ya bayyana yadda ake raba zakka

Muhimmancin cikakkun bayanai na rabon gado a cikin Alkur'ani