Yawancin masana shari'a suna ganin cewa haraji na kuɗi daya tilo da aka yarda da shi a Musulunci shi ne zakka.1 Duk wanda ya cika abin da zakka ta wajaba, dukiyarsa za ta tsarkaka, kuma ba zai sake biyan wani abu ba sai dai da son ransa. Wannan ita ce ra'ayin da ya fi yawa a tsakanin masana shari'a na zamani-zamani.

Many jurists argue that the only financial due approved in Islam is zakah.1 Whoever fulfills the requirement of zakah will have his or her wealth purified, and need not pay anything else except voluntarily. This is the predominant view among the later generations of jurists.

1. Al-Bukhari, Muslim, da wasu sun ruwaito daga Talha cewa: "Wani mutum daga Najd ya zo wajen Manzon Allah ﷺ. Gashin kansa bai da tsari, kuma muryarsa mai ƙarfi tana jin nesa. Ba ma fahimtar abin da yake faɗa, har sai da ya matso kusa da Manzon Allah ﷺ ya fara tambayarsa game da Musulunci. Manzon Allah ﷺ"

1. Al Bukhari, Muslim, and others report from Talhah, "A man from Najd came to the Messenger of God (p). His hair was uncombed, and his loud voice [was heard] from a distance. He does not even understand what he says, until he came close to the Messenger of God (p) and started asking him about Islam. The Messenger of God (p)

ya ce, "Salloli biyar a rana da dare." Mutumin ya ce, "Shin dole ne in yi wani abu fiye da haka?" Annabi ya ce, "A'a, sai dai idan ka yi da son ranka." Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ci gaba da cewa, "Da azumin watan Ramadan." Mutumin ya ce, "Shin dole ne in yi azumi banda wannan?" Annabi ya amsa, "A'a, sai dai idan ka yi da son ranka..." sannan Annabi ya ambaci zakka. Mutumin ya ce, "Shin dole ne in biya wani abu banda ita?" Annabi ya ce, "A'a, sai dai idan ka yi da son ranka." Mutumin ya juya ya tafi yana cewa, "Ba zan yi wani abu fiye ko ƙasa da waɗannan ba." Manzon Allah ﷺ ya yi sharhi, "Zai samu nasara idan ya cika wannan alkawari," ko kuma, "zai shiga Aljanna idan ya cika wannan alkawari."2

said, 'Five prayers in the day and night' The man said 'Do I have to do more?' The Prophet said, 'No, unless you volunteer.' The Messenger of God (p) continued, 'And the fasting of Ramadan.' The man said, 'Do I have to fast other than this?' The Prophet answered, 'No, unless you volunteer . . .' and then the Prophet mentioned zakah. The man said, 'Do I have to pay anything else besides it? The Prophet said, 'No, unless you volunteer.' The man turned around and left saying, 'I shall not do anything more nor less than these.' The Messenger of God (p) commented, 'He will be successful if he honors this promise" or "he will enter the Garden if he honors this promise."2

2. Al-Bukhari ya ruwaito daga Abu Hurairah, ya ce: "Wani Balarabe ɗan kauye ya zo wurin Annabi ﷺ

2. Al Bukhari reports from Abu Hurairah, "A bedouin Arab came to the Prophet (p)

Ya ce, "Ka nuna mini wani abu wanda idan na aikata shi zan shiga Aljanna." Annabi ya ce, "Ka bauta wa Allah, kada ka yi masa shirka da kowane abu, ka tsaya sallar farilla, ka bayar da zakkar farilla, ka yi azumin Ramadan." Mutumin ya ce, "Ina rantsuwa da sunan wanda raina yake a hannunsa, ba zan ƙara komai a kan waɗannan ba." Da mutumin ya tafi, Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce, "Duk wanda ya yi farin ciki ya ga wani mutum daga cikin mazaunan Aljanna, to ya kalli wannan mutumin." A cikin hadisin farko, Annabi ﷺ yana cewa babu wani abu wajibi sai zakka.

and said, 'Guide me to something which if I do I shall enter the Garden. The Prophet said, 'Worship God and do not associate partners with Him whatsoever, and pray the obligated prayer, and fulfill the obligated zakah, and fast Ramadan.' The man said, 'By the name of He in Whose Hand is my soul, I shall not add anything to those.' When the man left, the Messenger of God (p) said, 'He who it pleases him to see a man who is among the dwellers of the Garden may look at this man.'" In the first saying, the Prophet (p) says that there is nothing obligatory except zakah.

Wannan magana tana da nuni bayyananne ga haka. A cikin dukkan maganganun biyu, mutanen biyu sun bayyana cewa ba za su aikata komai ba sai zakkar farilla, sai Annabi ﷺ ya karɓi wannan furuci nasu, ya kuma bayyana cewa hakan ya isa ga shiga Aljanna. Da ace akwai wasu haƙƙoƙin kuɗi banda zakka, to da waɗannan mutane ba za su cancanci shiga Aljanna ba sai an cika waɗancan haƙƙoƙin.

This saying is a clear text to this effect. In both sayings, the two men declare that they will perform nothing besides the obligatory zakah, and the Prophet (p) accepts that declaration and states that this is sufficient for entering the Garden. If there were other financial obligations besides zakah, these men would not deserve to enter the Garden unless those other obligations are fulfilled.

3. At-Tirmidhi ya ruwaito daga Abu Hurairah, ya ce: "Annabi ﷺ ya ce: 'Idan ka biya zakkar da ta wajaba a kan dukiyarka, to za ka cika duk abin da ya wajaba a kanka.'"3

3. Al Tirmidhi reports from Abu Hurairah, "The Prophet (p) said, 'If you pay the zakah due on your wealth you will have fulfilled all that is obligated on you.'"3

4. Al-Hakim ya ruwaito daga Jabir cewa Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce: "Idan kun biya zakar dukiyarku, za ku kawar da sharrinta daga kanku."4

4. Al Hakim reports from Jabir that the Prophet (p) said, "If you pay the zakah on your wealth, you will have turned away its evil from you."4

5. Al-Hakim ya ruwaito daga Umm Salamah cewa ita tana sanya wasu guntayen zinariya a matsayin kayan ado. Sai ta tambayi Annabi ﷺ, "Shin wannan tara dukiya ne?" Sai ya amsa, "Idan ka biya zakkar da ya wajaba a kanta, to ba ya zama tara dukiya ba."5 A wasu ruwayoyin wannan hadisi, Annabi ﷺ ya ce, "Duk abin da ya kai nisabin zakka, aka kuma biya zakkarsa da ta wajaba, to ba tara dukiya ba ne."6 Wannan hadisi yana nuna cewa gargadin Alkur'ani game da tara dukiya ba ya shafar mutanen da suke biyan zakka a kan dukiyoyinsu, wanda a kaikaice yana nufin irin wadannan mutane ba su da wajibi su biya wani abu fiye da haka. Wasu masu goyon bayan wannan ra'ayi suna kara wani hadisi wanda aka ruwaito cewa Annabi ﷺ ya ce, "A kan dukiya babu wani hakki sai zakka."7

5. Al Hakim reports from Umm Salamah that she used to wear some pieces of gold as ornaments. She asked the Prophet, "Is this hoarding?" He answered, "If you pay its due zakah, it is not like hoarding."5 In some versions of this saying, the Prophet says, "Anything that reaches the amount that is zakatable, and its due zakah is paid, is not hoarding."6 This saying indicates that the Qur'an's warning against hoarding does not apply to persons who pay zakah on their treasures, which indirectly means such individuals are not obligated to pay anything else. Some supporters of this view add another saying in which the Prophet (p) is reported to have said, "On wealth there are no dues except zakah."7

A bayyana cewa magana ta farko da ta biyu daidai ne. Magana ta uku tana da sarkar isnadi mai rauni, kuma ta hudu ana ɗaukar ta a matsayin nawquf [wato maganar Sahabi wadda ba a danganta ta ga Annabi ba] bisa ga mafi karbuwar bincike. Amma game da magana ta biyar, akwai suka game da sarkar isnadinta. Maganar "Ba a wajabta wani haqqi a kan dukiya sai zakka" tana da rauni sosai, kuma ba tare da wani shakka ba ba karɓaɓɓa ba ce. Hakika, ba daidai ba ce kuma kuskure ce.

It is obvious that the first two sayings are correct. The third saying has a weak chain, and the fourth one is considered nawquf [a statement of a Companion not attributed to the Prophet] according to the most acceptable scrutinization. As for the fifth saying, there is criticism of its chain. The saying "On wealth there are no dues except zakah" is very weak, and, without the slightest hesitation unacceptable. In fact, it is incorrect and wrong.

Hausa translation: Masu goyon bayan wannan ra'ayi suna kuma cewa duk nassosin da ke nuna cewa akwai wasu haqqoqin kuɗiban da zakka za a iya fassara su da cewa nuni ne kawai ga abin so (mustahabbi) ba wajibi ba. Suna kuma iƙirarin cewa kafin a shar'anta zakka, akwai wasu haqqoqin kuɗi waɗanda suke wajibi, amma sa'ad da aka saukar da zakka ga Annabi ﷺ a matsayin wajibi kan dukiya, dukkan haqqoqin da suka gabata sun ƙare. Haka kuma, suna ƙin karɓar wani hadisi daga al-Tirmidhi daga Fatimah bint Qais cewa Annabi ﷺ ya ce: "Akwai wasu haqqoqi a kan dukiya banda zakka"8, bisa dalilin cewa al-Tirmidhi da kansa ya ba shi matsayin rauni, kuma masu sukar hadisi sun ce ba inganci ba ne.9

Supporters of this opinion also argue that all texts which indicate the existence of financial obligations besides zakah can be interpreted as references to mere desirability and not to obligation. They also claim that before zakah was mandated, different financial obligations were obligatory, but when zakah was revealed to the Prophet as a financial obligation, all previous dues were annulled. Additionally, they reject a report by al Tirmidhi from Fatimah bint Qais that the Prophet (p) said, "There are other dues on wealth besides zakah"8, on the ground, that al Tirmidhi himself grades it weak and it is decried as inauthentic by saying critics.9